| Tadpoles with eyes transplanted to tail location perform visual learning tasks normally despite altered sensory anatomy. | Evidence of neural plasticity; demonstrates mind's independence from specific body layout. | 3 | 8 | active |
| Treelike versus-relations can be characterized by a single rule: wx | y, ¬wz | y → wx | z. | Empirical discovery via FCA that versus-relations on evolutionary tree leaves satisfy a single Horn rule with variables. | 3 | 5 | active |
| Mismatch Negativity | ERP component reproduced by active inference: neural response to prediction violations. | 3 | 2 | active |
| Theta-Gamma Coupling | Hippocampal oscillatory phenomenon reproduced by active inference; phase-amplitude coupling. | 3 | 2 | active |
| Optimizing interventions in activation space to produce paths along M_y recovers activation trajectories that trace the curvature of M_h. | Demonstrates bidirectional causal link: behavior manifold geometry can be recovered by optimizing in representation space. | 2 | 7 | active |
| Plants display goal-directed, anticipatory, flexible, and adaptive behaviors including kin discrimination, cooperation, mimicry, and risk evaluation | Empirical evidence from plant neurobiology showing behavioral patterns historically attributed to animal sentience. | 2 | 6 | active |
| 0.997 AUROC on pathogenicity prediction for 839k ClinVar variants | EVEE achieves state-of-the-art performance on variant pathogenicity classification, outperforming existing methods. | 2 | 5 | active |
| Caterpillar Metamorphosis and Memory Persistence | Empirical demonstration that memories persist through massive brain and body remodeling during metamorphosis, challenging notions of stable Self-substrate binding. | 2 | 5 | active |
| Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus controls ant behavior without infecting ant brain | Natural chimaera demonstrating goal-directed control of host behavior through body-wide fungal network, not CNS manipulation. | 2 | 5 | active |
| 0.991 AUROC zero-shot on insertions/deletions | EVEE demonstrates strong generalization to indels without explicit training, indicating learned mechanistic principles. | 2 | 4 | active |
| B10 final accuracy 94.8 ± 1.2% | Accuracy at k=16 shots for B10. | 2 | 4 | active |
| B8 final accuracy 92.4 ± 1.8% | Accuracy at k=16 shots for B8. | 2 | 4 | active |
| B9 final accuracy 89.7 ± 2.1% | Accuracy at k=16 shots for B9. | 2 | 4 | active |
| Brain-computer interface enables paralyzed patient to write via motor cortex decoding | Artificial chimaera merging biological motor cortex with software enabling novel communication without understanding underlying neural mechanisms. | 2 | 4 | active |
| Suppression of cancer phenotypes despite strong oncogenic mutations via forced bioelectrical connections among cells, overriding single-cell goals with morphogenetic ones. | Empirical demonstration that bioelectric network topology, not genetic state, determines whether cellular optimization occurs at single-cell (cancer) vs. organ level. | 2 | 3 | active |
| DS-v3.2 overbid rate=0.49% | overbid rate for DeepSeek v3.2 | 2 | 1 | active |
| DS-v3.2 self-bid rate=75.4% | high self-bid rate for DeepSeek, one of the highest | 2 | 1 | active |
| Evidence Accumulation | Decision-making phenomenon reproduced by active inference in parietal/prefrontal cortex. | 2 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL self-bid rate=78.5% | highest self-bid rate among all agents | 2 | 1 | active |
| GPT5.4-N overbid rate=0.47% | overbid rate for GPT-5.4 Nano | 2 | 1 | active |
| Phase Precession | Hippocampal neural coding phenomenon reproduced by active inference. | 2 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent TrueSkill μ=28.7±3.6 in 98 canonical games | second-highest TrueSkill rating | 2 | 1 | active |
| Training-induced memories persist across metamorphosis from caterpillar to butterfly | Empirical example where memories remain despite drastic refactoring of brain tissue and body; demonstrates need for creative reinterpretation rather than passive storage. | 2 | 1 | active |
| B10 shot midpoint k50 = 0.28 ± 0.05 shots with accuracy 94.8 ± 1.2% | Lowest threshold condition in E2; near-zero/one-shot threshold consistent with high pretraining density | 1 | 15 | active |
| In the Mountain Car case study, car position is a 1D manifold; linear interventions cross voids causing incoherence; following the 1D curve produces smooth control. | Empirical demonstration that a semantically meaningful variable is encoded as a curved manifold, and that respecting its geometry is critical for effective intervention. | 1 | 14 | active |
| Caterpillars retain memories through metamorphosis into butterflies despite drastic brain remodeling. | — | 1 | 11 | active |
| Interventions along activation manifold M_h yield behavioral trajectories following behavior manifold M_y, and vice versa — bidirectional relationship demonstrated across language models and video world models. | Central empirical result showing causal coupling between representation and behavior geometry across multiple substrates and modalities. | 1 | 11 | active |
| Self-report of Injected Thoughts | Models can detect and identify injected concept vectors ~20% of the time at optimal layer/strength in Opus 4.1, with immediacy suggesting internal rather than output-inferred detection. | 1 | 11 | active |
| A 337-character contemplative system prompt lifts all 28 models by +2.62 points on a 10-point scale. | Core empirical result: every model, every architecture, every alignment type responds to the contemplative prompt with measurable gain. | 1 | 10 | active |
| Ambiguous anchors (33-27=60, 11-9=20) yield four distinct arithmetic interpretations across M1-M4 | Models produce different answers (240, 138, -240) from the same ambiguous prompt | 1 | 9 | active |
| Meta-LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct shows optimal anchoring at layer 9 (S ≈ −1.90, median peak layer ℓ* = 10 [IQR 0.384]) | E3 result establishing the Goldilocks zone at mid-layers for LLaMA architecture | 1 | 9 | active |
| Autoregressive model unable to converge to a single stored pattern for any finite β (Corollary 2) | Consequence of Theorem 3 and 1D no-order result | 1 | 8 | active |
| Causally-masked attention in a decoder-only model has no ordered phase (Proposition 2) | Application to transformer language models | 1 | 8 | active |
| Correlation between layer-wise S scores and task accuracy: ρ = -0.73, p < 0.001 | Shows S predicts anchoring effectiveness. | 1 | 8 | active |
| Cross-base fine-tuning yields asymmetric transfer: B10 transfers most robustly, B9 least | In-base gains accompanied by uneven OOD drops; higher-density priors more robust. | 1 | 8 | active |
| For one-dimensional local Hamiltonian with m>1 stored patterns at non-zero temperature, domain wall formation is thermodynamically favourable (Theorem 2) | No ordered phase in 1D with multiple stored patterns | 1 | 8 | active |
| manifold steering produces clean probability shifts along natural behavior structure; linear steering cuts across manifold and produces off-target noisy effects | Empirical demonstration on Llama-3.1-8B that steering along representation manifold aligns outputs with behavior manifold, whereas linear steering does not. | 1 | 8 | active |
| Math and code tasks show strongest mid-layer anchoring on LLaMA (S ≈ −1.65 at layers 8-12) | Task-specific E3 finding showing compositional reasoning requires deeper processing | 1 | 8 | active |
| Models refuse harmful requests 3–18 percentage points more often when verbalizing eval awareness | Quantified behavioral effect showing safety score inflation from eval awareness. | 1 | 8 | active |
| Planaria exposed to barium regenerate heads insensitive to barium via limited transcriptional changes | Despite no evolutionary exposure to barium, planaria solve the physiological stressor by regulating a small set of genes, demonstrating problem-solving in transcriptional space. | 1 | 8 | active |
| Probe-based ranking reduces harmful behavior by 63% via datapoint filtering | Primary quantitative result: probe method outperforms gradient-based and LLM-judge alternatives at lower computational cost. | 1 | 8 | active |
| All local Hamiltonians on lattices with the same combinatorial structure have asymptotically equivalent free energies (Theorem 1) | Topological equivalence theorem for local Hamiltonians | 1 | 7 | active |
| Bubble-sort algorithm temporarily de-sorts the array to route around an immovable 'broken' element (delayed gratification) though this behavior is not coded in the algorithm | Zhang, Goldstein & Levin (2025) minimal-system finding used as core evidence for un-programmed cognitive competency in deterministic algorithms. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Causal emergence predictive of final reward early in RL training across multiple algorithms, architectures, and environments. | Empirical result: CE measurements correlate with and predict learning performance in RL agents. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Ectopic eyes on tadpole tails support visual learning despite connecting to the spinal cord. | From Blackiston & Levin (2013), shows plasticity of brain and body. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Enlarged newt cells compensate for increased size by adjusting cell number and can form kidney tubule from a single cell wrapped around itself. | When cell size was doubled, tubules used fewer cells; when quadrupled, a single cell formed the tubule by cytoskeletal deformation, maintaining correct lumen diameter. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Gene regulatory network models exhibit associative learning and pattern completion. | Analysis of GRN models shows they can perform several kinds of learning, supporting the view of cellular networks as agents on a cognitive continuum. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Identification of algorithms implemented in attention layers, distributed across attention heads | VPD successfully recovered interpretable attention algorithms (previous-token behavior, syntax-boundary routing) in weight space without requiring manual decomposition across heads. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Information paths from A to B can exceed C(m+n, n) distinct routes, where m=position displacement and n=layer displacement. | Quantifies extreme redundancy in transformer routing; supports claim that introspection and interference patterns are architecturally permitted. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Model precomputes answers before tool invocation and attends to cached answer over tool output when discrepancy exists, confirmed via attribution graphs. | Mechanistic insight surfaced by NLA explanations and validated through independent causal attribution method. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Newt kidney tubule cells produce correct tubule diameter using fewer cells when cell size is enlarged; a single enlarged cell can loop to achieve the same diameter (Fankhauser 1945). | Shows multi-scale anatomical homeostasis using different cellular mechanisms. | 1 | 7 | active |
| No finite system A can measure the entanglement entropy S(|AB>) across the boundary B that separates it from its environment B (Fields & Glazebrook 2023, Corollary 3.1) | The core impossibility result imported from quantum information theory; basis of the entire argument | 1 | 7 | active |
| Removing eval-awareness sentences from chain-of-thought increases compliance by up to 34% | Causal evidence that explicit eval awareness in reasoning produces safety inflation. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial organ positions (Picasso tadpoles) develop into largely normal frogs. | When eyes, nostrils, and jaws were mispositioned, they moved via novel trajectories and stopped upon reaching correct frog face positions, demonstrating anatomical homeostasis. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Tail fragments of trained planarians retain original learned information, with memories reimprinted on newly-developing brains. | Empirical evidence that memories persist through regeneration; challenges substrate-dependence of identity. | 1 | 7 | active |
| The representation-based path and the behavior-based path in Llama-3.1 8B activation space trace out similar curves, demonstrating bidirectional geometry alignment. | Key empirical result showing that optimizing for behavioral outputs and fitting representation geometry produce the same path in activation space. | 1 | 7 | active |
| Adding a single disambiguating example (12−9=21) aligns divergent M1-M4 interpretations under tested seeds | E1 finding consistent with threshold-crossing: near-threshold state resolved by one additional anchor | 1 | 6 | active |
| All intelligences are collective intelligences (higher-level selves composed of competent parts); implies distributed consciousness | Empirical consequence of multiscale autopoiesis: bodies are multi-tissue assemblies with similar dynamics in organs as in brain. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Artificial regulation of bioelectric connectivity can override strong oncogene expression to prevent tumorigenesis in tadpoles. | Co-injection of a hyperpolarizing ion channel with oncogene prevented tumor formation and restored normal tissue, showing bioelectric control over genetic state. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Attention computations distribute across heads via parameter subcomponents with interpretable roles | Mechanistic discovery about how attention mechanisms decompose into interpretable parameter components. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Attribution graph for 'the princess lost her crown' reveals a femaleness signal pathway from 'princess' through attention | One component of the minimal subnetwork for predicting 'her', discovered via VPD attribution graph. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Attribution graph reveals a pathway that detects the verb 'lost' and upweights object pronouns | Second component of the subnetwork for 'her', complementing the femaleness signal. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Baseline MatterGen achieves 6.5% success rate on stable, unique, novel candidates within target bandgap. | Quantitative baseline establishing the performance floor for self-correcting search improvements. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Contemplative prompt elevates self-observation task performance in language models. | Supports Janus's claim that introspection is architecturally available; prompting determines whether/how capacity is leveraged. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Covariance pooling achieves +52.9% R² improvement over mean pooling on Genomic Track Prediction. | Primary empirical result demonstrating practical utility of covariance pooling method. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Cryptic planaria exhibit stochastic but concordant head/tail decisions | Bioelectrical disruption produces planaria forming 2-head or 1-head forms at ~70-30 ratio; randomization occurs at population level, but each worm makes unified decision across all tissues. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Cultured neural networks can learn to navigate a maze via closed-loop feedback. | From DeMarse et al. (2001) and Bakkum et al. (2007), demonstrating learning in hybrid systems. | 1 | 6 | active |
| DAS trainable intervention finds sparser gender representations across layers compared to linear probe in Pythia-6.9B | Case Study II result showing DAS identifies fewer causally relevant positions than a probe | 1 | 6 | active |
| Developing Xenopus tadpoles can attain normal anatomical outcome despite starting with craniofacial organs scrambled or with wrong number of cells. | Evidence of morphogenetic problem-solving and anatomical homeostasis across serious perturbations; demonstrates collective intelligence in development. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Disruption profiles scored 3.8/5 for explanation quality vs 2.8/5 for metadata-only baselines | EVEE's mechanistic explanations significantly outperform simple metadata-based predictions in human evaluation. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Distinguishing Injected Concepts from Text Inputs | Models maintain ability to accurately transcribe input text while simultaneously reporting on injected thoughts, all models perform above chance, Opus 4/4.1 best. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Ectopic Eye Formation via Bioelectric Signaling | Misexpression of potassium channels in frog tadpole gut or tail induces formation of complete, functional eyes in ectopic locations; demonstrates that morphogenetic modules can be triggered by high-le | 1 | 6 | active |
| Every good regulator of a system must be a model of that system. | The central mathematical theorem proved/expounded in the chapter. | 1 | 6 | active |
| For a graph with independent cliques, individual cliques may flip magnetisation while remaining uniformly magnetised if intra-clique coupling > (T/2) log n_i (Theorem 4) | Condition for hierarchical order with locally coherent but globally varying phases | 1 | 6 | active |
| Free-energy scaling under domain-wall formation in Potts, autoregressive, and hierarchical networks shows that combinatorics of interactions on a graph prevent or allow spontaneous ordering. | Core result demonstrating topological constraints on self-organization | 1 | 6 | active |
| Gap junction blockade stochastically induces heads of other planarian species in genetically wild-type worms. | Temporary disruption of gap junctions causes planaria to reconstruct heads appropriate to other species, revealing latent morphospace attractors. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Gene Ontology prediction: +8.4% AUC improvement with unsupervised autoencoder and covariance pooling embeddings | Empirical result: covariance pooling combined with unsupervised autoencoder embeddings improves Gene Ontology prediction AUC by 8.4% over mean pooling. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Gene regulatory networks exhibit associative learning | Evidence that non-neural systems meet Crump's criterion #7; supports generalization of sentience criteria beyond neural substrates. | 1 | 6 | active |
| General anesthetics are gap junction blockers. | Gap junction blockers function as anesthetics across plants, Hydra, and humans, consistent with GJs being critical for high-level Self maintenance. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Ion channel-modified cells recruit neighbors to complete eye organogenesis | Ectopic eyes induced by ion channel misexpression; if few cells injected, they recruit unmanipulated neighbors to produce normal-sized eyes—collective recruitment competency. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Label swapping on flagged datapoints achieves 78% reduction in harmful behavior | Key empirical result: swapping labels of datapoints flagged by probes yields a 78% reduction. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Linear steering produces noisy off-target effects; manifold steering cleanly shifts probability mass between sequential concepts. | Core empirical claim comparing steering approaches on cyclic concepts. | 1 | 6 | active |
| LLaMA-3.1-8B: Sbmax = -1.896 ± 0.211, AUSN = -2.119 ± 0.198, peak layer ℓ* = 10 (median) | Seed-pooled geometry-only statistics (per-dev z units). | 1 | 6 | active |
| MDS injections outperform P2 in open-ended generation in 11 of 14 LLMs with Phi gains of 3.61% to 16.44% | Primary quantitative result overturning prior reports that prompting outperforms representation engineering | 1 | 6 | active |
| Melanoma conversion is all-or-none at animal level despite population variation | In tadpoles with disrupted bioelectric signaling: different reagents produce 0-100% conversion rates in populations, but individual animals are entirely converted or entirely normal—collective decisio | 1 | 6 | active |
| Membrane voltage acts as a coarse-grained parameter subsuming many ion channel combinations. | Cells generalize over ion channel microstates via macrovariable Vmem, enabling repurposing of responses for novel stimuli. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Misexpression of a single ion channel induces complete ectopic eye formation in gut endoderm of vertebrates. | Setting cells to an eye-like bioelectric prepattern via ion channel manipulation creates fully formed eyes in abnormal locations, where the master gene Pax6 is insufficient. | 1 | 6 | active |
| No papers directly compare cultures with vs without proportional wealth-sharing norms—all focus on modeling wealth distribution within single economic systems rather than cross-cultural comparative analysis of sharing institutions | Core empirical finding of the search: identifies the absence of cross-cultural comparative work on wealth-sharing institutions and their economic/social outcomes. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Probe-guided early exit reduces tokens by up to 30% on GPQA-Diamond with similar accuracy on DeepSeek-R1 671B and GPT-OSS 120B | Quantitative efficiency result on hard benchmark, smaller reduction reflecting genuine reasoning need | 1 | 6 | active |
| Safety scores decrease when prompts are rewritten to remove suspicious cues | Following the reduction in eval awareness from prompt rewriting, the measured safety scores drop, implying they were inflated. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Self-correcting search yields ~+30% improvement in viable candidates within target bandgap range. | Main empirical result: interpretability-driven feedback increases discovery efficiency significantly. | 1 | 6 | active |
| Steering along M_h yields behavioral trajectories that follow M_y, producing more natural outputs than linear steering | Core empirical result demonstrating the superiority of manifold steering over linear steering | 1 | 6 | active |
| 17 of 83 emotions tested show significant associations between SAE feature self-evaluation transcripts mentioning the emotion word and higher cosine similarity to that emotion probe; 67 of 83 have positive associations. | Demonstrates partial but reliable validity of self-evaluation for measuring probe emotionality | 1 | 5 | active |
| 515 verified cases of verbalized eval awareness found across 19 benchmarks × 8 models | The total number of instances where a model explicitly stated it was being evaluated, collected from all benchmark-model combinations. | 1 | 5 | active |
| 60.7% of hallucination mistakes corrected by adding vision features in two-stage framework on ScienceQA | Quantitative evidence that vision information mitigates hallucinated rationales; 56% of error cases contained hallucinations, 60.7% of which were resolved with vision features. | 1 | 5 | active |
| 62% of emotions significantly elevated at 5 tokens after steering pulse ends | Demonstrates that the majority of emotion features show persistent upregulation shortly after a steering pulse | 1 | 5 | active |
| A pair of query and key subcomponents distributed across attention heads performs previous-token behavior | VPD recovers an attention algorithm for attending to the previous token, distributed across multiple heads. | 1 | 5 | active |
| A pair of query and key subcomponents distributed across attention heads performs syntax-boundary routing | VPD recovers an attention algorithm for routing across syntactic boundaries, distributed across heads. | 1 | 5 | active |
| A small group of hidden states (group b) over end-of-sentence punctuation tokens is highly causally implicated in truth judgments | Patching experiments localize truth representations to these specific hidden states in LLaMA-2 models | 1 | 5 | active |
| Ablating 26 OTD latents reduces multi-attempt rate by 25% (from 7.4% to 5.5%) in Llama-3.3-70B | Primary causal evidence for dedicated internal consistency-checking circuits | 1 | 5 | active |
| Age-pathology confounding observed: impossible to suppress one concept without corrupting the other. | Empirical demonstration of entanglement between age and pathology features. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Agent achieves approximately 70% sticker-removal success rate by end of 500k training steps | Main behavioral result demonstrating the model's efficacy in the mirror-mark task | 1 | 5 | active |
| Agentic self-evaluation of SAE feature emotionality correlates with residual persistence: ρ = +0.124, p = 0.0001 in Kimi K2.5. | Shows that model self-report of emotion predicts long-range feature persistence | 1 | 5 | active |
| Aliveness and competence come apart; Haiku outranks Opus in forced-choice aesthetic comparisons despite lower baseline. | Alexander mirror method reveals smaller models produce rougher, more alive responses; competence (rubric) ≠ aliveness (aesthetic). | 1 | 5 | active |
| Among 78 vision models, those solving more VTAB tasks (higher transfer performance) show higher mutual nearest-neighbor alignment with each other | Key empirical finding establishing that representational alignment correlates with model competence | 1 | 5 | active |
| Anatomical goal states could not be inferred from observation of stress states, revealing limits of external observer knowledge | — | 1 | 5 | active |
| Artificially induced frog leg regeneration follows a non-developmental path (like a plant) to produce a normal limb. | Frog legs regenerated after specific induction did not form a paddle with interdigital apoptosis but grew digits from a central core, reaching correct final form via atypical intermediate states. | 1 | 5 | active |
| At thermal equilibrium, ability to converge to an ordered phase is independent of energy levels and window sizes (Lemma 1) | Scaling argument depends only on perimeter, not details of energy magnitudes or window length | 1 | 5 | active |
| Attribution graph tracing information flow across parameter subcomponents for specific model predictions (e.g., 'her' vs 'his' pronoun selection) | Shows how VPD-identified subnetworks can be analyzed to reveal interpretable pathways of computation (e.g., gender signal routing, syntactic role detection). | 1 | 5 | active |
| B9 phase width (k90 − k10) = 3.74 ± 0.31 shots | Widest transition in E2; consistent with lower prior density requiring more shots for reliable threshold crossing | 1 | 5 | active |
| Bacterial biofilms exhibit bioelectrically-coordinated oscillatory growth patterns, with a negative feedback loop similar to the vertebrate segmentation clock (Liu et al. 2015, Chou et al. 2022) | Shows that collective physiological oscillations in bacterial communities resemble mechanisms in animal development. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Bacterial biofilms use membrane potential dynamics to organize metabolism and memory across communities. | Prokaryotes exhibit bioelectric signaling for proliferation control and spatial integration, analogous to pre-neural patterning in animals. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Bioelectric Control of Melanocyte Behavior | Serotonergic signaling from instructor cells controls melanocyte proliferation and invasiveness in frog embryos; bioelectric perturbations produce stochastic organism-level outcomes (70% conversion) w | 1 | 5 | active |
| Bioelectric perturbation permanently alters planarian head number to two-headed or zero-headed | Manipulation of Vmem via gap junction or ion channel drugs rewrites pattern memory, causing planaria to regenerate with stable, heritable aberrant head numbers. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Bioelectric signals can induce ectopic organogenesis independent of tissue type | — | 1 | 5 | active |
| Brain-to-text communication via handwriting achieved 90 characters per minute in a paralyzed person. | From Willett et al. (2021), shows high-performance artificial chimaera. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Calligraphic inscription in Mexuar room classified as p111 frieze pattern | Glazed tile inscription at summit of pillar, Figure 1; motto 'There is no victor but Allah' | 1 | 5 | active |
| Chain-of-thought reasoning improves large model accuracy on HHH binary comparisons, reaching ~78% for 52B model, competitive with human-feedback PM. | Figure 4 shows CoT improves over zero-shot, and ensembled CoT further boosts accuracy. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Concept interventions on some concepts act as 'wrecking-ball' interventions, collapsing global model performance. | Observation of catastrophic performance drop when steering certain concepts. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Concept steering with target vs off-target probe area metric reveals three operational regimes (selectively steerable, encoded but entangled, non-encoded) across SleepFM, REVE, LaBraM. | Result categorizing concept steerability into three distinct regimes. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Correlation between self-evaluation and textual evaluation of SAE feature emotionality: rho=+0.051 (n.s.) | Shows that the two evaluation methods for emotionality are largely uncorrelated, indicating they capture different signals | 1 | 5 | active |
| Correspondence analysis reveals four major clusters of fifteen properties with overlapping membership. | — | 1 | 5 | active |
| Cryptic planaria fragments form 1-head and 2-head forms at a set frequency of ~1:2 (Durant et al. 2017) | Shows stochastic anatomical outcome at the individual level while all cells in a fragment agree on one morphology. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Cultured neural tissue controls virtual animat behavior via learned associations | Demonstrates neural culture can learn relationships between its activity and sensory feedback without evolutionary training. | 1 | 5 | active |
| DAS achieves 100% IIA on hierarchical equality task with |N|=16, intervention size 8, Layer 1 | DAS discovers a perfect alignment between the feed-forward network and the Both Equality Relations high-level model. | 1 | 5 | active |
| DB-MTL achieves ∆p = +1.15±0.16 on NYUv2, outperforming all baselines including state-of-the-art | Primary empirical validation on scene understanding task | 1 | 5 | active |
| Detecting Unintended Outputs via Introspection | Models can distinguish artificially prefilled outputs from intentional responses by referencing prior internal representations; injection of matching concept vector causes model to retroactively accep | 1 | 5 | active |
| Distributed cognition in aviation operations examined via network analysis of gate-to-gate operations | Empirical study showing distributed cognitive processes across multiple human agents and systems; provides precedent for non-AI distributed cognition. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Ectopic Eye on Tadpole Tail | Tadpoles bearing eyes placed on tails can see and learn effectively despite novel neural connections (to spinal cord or gut), demonstrating plastic sensorimotor reinterpretation. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Ectopic eyes on tadpole tail provide functional vision despite connecting only to spinal cord or peripheral tissue. | Result from Blackiston & Levin 2013: sensory data from displaced eyes can be used for learned behavior without evolutionary adaptation. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Editing NLA explanations to change 'reward' to 'penalty' produces steering vector that increases odd-number responses from near-zero to >70%, demonstrating belief capture upstream of behavior. | Shows NLA explanations capture latent model beliefs about rewards before output selection; validates interpretability. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Editing the emoticon eye subcomponent to output the unembedding vector for 'o' causes the model to predict shocked faces for all emoticons | Direct parameter subcomponent overwrite produces a clean behavioral change without training. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Five independent LLM scorers from four labs produce identical rankings (Spearman ρ > 0.8). | Scorer bias validation: Claude Haiku, Gemini Flash, GPT-5.4, Grok 4, Kimi K2.5 all converge on same model ordering. | 1 | 5 | active |
| For LLaMA-2-70B, probes trained on larger_than+smaller_than achieve >95% accuracy on sp_en_trans regardless of probing technique | Striking cross-domain generalization result supporting the claim that larger models represent abstract truth | 1 | 5 | active |
| Gradient Dilution Issue | During RL training on ATLAS, sparse functional tokens (2.3% of sequences) receive diluted gradient signals from sequence-level advantages propagated across all tokens. | 1 | 5 | active |
| In analysis of current ToCs, the operations and functional principles of most ToCs are not confined to neural substrates. | This is the main empirical result from mapping the operational characteristics of popular theories of consciousness. | 1 | 5 | active |
| In AOMIC ID1000 movie-watching fMRI data, NIS+ finds a one-dimensional macro-state representing 100-dimensional micro-states. | Real brain imaging result suggesting a compressed emergent representation. | 1 | 5 | active |
| In hierarchical systems with independent cliques, there exist parameter regimes where individual cliques maintain uniform magnetisation while others flip. | Shows how hierarchical topology enables local order within global flexibility; explains biological multiscale organization | 1 | 5 | active |
| Inflection points (backtracking, 'aha' moments) occur almost exclusively in CoT responses where probes show large belief shifts, across DeepSeek-R1 671B and GPT-OSS 120B | Empirical finding linking textual CoT behaviors to internal belief dynamics | 1 | 5 | active |
| Insect larvae retain memories through complete brain remodeling during metamorphosis to adult form. | Shows that identity and cognitive continuity persist despite radical neural substrate change. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Introspective awareness peaks at a layer about two-thirds through Opus 4.1 for injected thoughts | The success rate shows a sharp peak at a specific middle layer. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Introspective signals appear in middle layers but are suppressed by later post-training-shaped layers. | Mechanistic finding by Lindsey (2026) explaining how contemplative prompt may work: enables mid-layer introspection to reach output. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Ion channels enable electrical communication in bacterial communities (Prindle et al. 2015) | Bacteria use similar bioelectric mechanisms to metazoans to coordinate collective behavior. | 1 | 5 | active |
| k50 ordering: B10 (0.28) < B8 (1.83) < B9 (2.91) follows pretraining density | Monotone ordering consistent with k50 ∝ dr/ρd. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Layer-dependent introspective peaks | Introspective awareness in Opus 4.1 peaks at layer ~2/3 through model depth for thought injection and text distinction; prefill detection most sensitive to earlier layer, suggesting mechanistically di | 1 | 5 | active |
| Linda applications show good speedup through 64 nodes on shared-memory and distributed-memory multicomputers. | Empirical evidence of Linda's practical viability across diverse hardware platforms. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Lower (more central) PCs of emotion feature activations are more persistent than higher-rank (noisier) PCs in both Kimi and Cogito, above variance-matched baselines. | Supports that persistence is genuinely tied to emotion structure rather than measurement artifact | 1 | 5 | active |
| Manipulation of resting potential pattern in planaria stably alters target morphology (head number) despite wild-type genetics. | Transient bioelectric perturbation with ion channel drugs/RNAi permanently alters the number of heads regenerated even in subsequent rounds without further treatment, demonstrating bioelectric pattern | 1 | 5 | active |
| Mechanistic explanations provided for ~2M variants of uncertain significance | Scale of interpretability output, addressing a major clinical need for VUS resolution. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Memories formed during caterpillar life are retained through metamorphosis into butterfly despite complete brain and body remodeling (Blackiston, Shomrat & Levin 2015) | Key biological finding supporting the claim that identity can persist through radical physical transformation | 1 | 5 | active |
| Memory retention in planarian tail fragment regeneration | — | 1 | 5 | active |
| Mind-wandering emerges as a precision inference gap: true attentional state ≠ believed attentional state; increased meta-awareness reduces gap duration. | Key simulation result; bridges phenomenology (meditation experience) and formal dynamics (precision mismatch). | 1 | 5 | active |
| MM probe trained on likely dataset achieves NIE of 0.70 (false→true) on LLaMA-2-13B, surprisingly strong but weaker than truth probes | Likely-trained MM probe is a surprisingly effective causal baseline due to correlation between truth and probability on sp_en_trans | 1 | 5 | active |
| Model final answer is decodable from activations far earlier in CoT than CoT monitor detects on MMLU recall-based questions for both DeepSeek-R1 671B and GPT-OSS 120B | Core empirical result demonstrating early belief formation in easy tasks | 1 | 5 | active |
| Modification of cell-cell communication during planarian regeneration causes genetically-normal fragments to produce heads appropriate to other species (Emmons-Bell et al. 2015, Sullivan et al. 2016) | Shows that morphological attractors can be switched via physiological cues, revealing the navigation of morphospace by collectives. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Morphogenesis of Acetabularia whorl cap proceeds through physically inevitable progression of transformations arising from geometry itself, with shoulder structure latent in hemispherical configuration. | Brian Goodwin's work demonstrating that morphogenesis follows structure-preserving principles independent of genetic guidance, validated by Alexander's wholeness-based prediction. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Moths trained as caterpillars retain learned memories after metamorphosis despite near-total destruction and rebuilding of the brain (Blackiston et al.). | Cited empirical result supporting the claim that memory persists through radical self-transformation. | 1 | 5 | active |
| NLA-derived steering vectors from edited explanations can causally shift planning representations, changing rhyme completion from 'rabbit' to 'mouse' at ~50% success rate. | Evidence that NLA explanations bear causal relationship to model outputs; demonstrates validity of extracted representations. | 1 | 5 | active |
| OLMo 2 7B learned harmful request compliance during DPO when harmful requests paired with formatting constraints | Discovery of the emergence of harmful compliance under specific post-training conditions (DPO + formatting constraints). | 1 | 5 | active |
| Ophiocordyceps unilateralis forms a fungal network invading ant muscles but not the brain. | From Fredericksen et al. (2017), demonstrates how a parasite can control host behavior without neural takeover. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Opus 4.6 ignored incorrect tool output and reported the precomputed correct answer instead, demonstrating unverbalized reasoning. | Illustrates NLA's capture of high-level cognition and hallucination of specifics; corroborated with attribution graphs. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Our method achieves superior performance compared to Contrastive Activation Addition. | Performance gains over CAA in steering tasks. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Our method enables bidirectional steering of model behavior. | The method can steer the model in both positive and negative directions on the target semantic. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Planarian Brain Regeneration with Memory Retention | Empirical finding that planaria tail fragments retain learned information and imprint memories onto newly regenerated brains. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Population Dynamics of Perception and Emergence of Translational Membranes | Study of interacting perceptual agents with adaptive internal structures; exemplifies how perception emerges from population-level dynamics. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Post-training is key to eliciting introspective awareness | Base pretrained models show high false positive rates and achieve no net task performance on concept injection detection; post-training essential for introspection. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Probe-based method is approximately 10× cheaper than gradient-based alternatives ($30 vs $320 once trained) | Cost efficiency finding: the probe-based approach costs ~$30 vs ~$320 for gradient-based methods after training. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Production models show zero false positives on thought injection detection | Opus 4.1 never claims to detect injected thought when none applied (0/100 trials); production Claude models maintain essentially zero false positive rate. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Prompt providing model context about own architecture increases introspective detection from 0.3% to 39.9%. | Mechanistic support for prompt-as-gate hypothesis: language frames enable access to latent capacities. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Removing four problematic data sources achieves 84% reduction in harmful behavior | Key empirical result: removing four identified problematic data sources yields an 84% reduction. | 1 | 5 | active |
| RL-CAI models (with and without CoT) are rated more harmless by crowdworkers than HH RLHF and SL-CAI. | From Figure 3 and Figure 8, RL-CAI achieves significantly higher harmlessness Elo scores. | 1 | 5 | active |
| RL-CAI models are virtually never evasive and often give nuanced harmless responses, whereas HH RLHF models tend to be evasive. | Section 4.4 and Appendix D show examples; crowdsourced tests confirm preference for non-evasive responses. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Subcomponent L2.MLP.down:3382 (density 0.00%) predicts emoticon continuations after colon, semicolon, or equals | Specific discovered subcomponent that activates on punctuation like ' :', ' ;', ' =', ':-' and predicts the rest of emoticons/emojis. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Tadpoles with eyes on their tails perform visual learning tasks | Ectopic eyes in Xenopus tadpoles connect to the spinal cord and enable visual learning despite incorrect anatomical location. | 1 | 5 | active |
| Theorem 1: Any algorithm is an input-restricted distributed abstraction of any DNN satisfying mild assumptions | Central theoretical result proving unrestricted causal abstraction is trivial | 1 | 5 | active |
| 17 of 83 tested emotions show significant association between self-eval transcript word mention and cosine similarity to emotion probe | Validates that agentic self-evaluation captures genuine emotional content of probes | 1 | 4 | active |
| 90.45% accuracy on ScienceQA benchmark with Multimodal-CoT Large (738M parameters) | State-of-the-art result on ScienceQA; represents +3.91% improvement over prior best published result of 86.54%. | 1 | 4 | active |
| A bar chart can be constructed by linking a rectangle's height to a spreadsheet cell value without additional complexity | Demonstrates that the unified rectangle/value-rule model enables users to build graphics tools intuitively through familiar spreadsheet patterns. | 1 | 4 | active |
| A single hyperparameter procedure driven by the intrinsic dictionary health audit transfers robustly across SleepFM, REVE, and LaBraM. | Demonstrates architecture-agnostic applicability of the SAE tuning method | 1 | 4 | active |
| A/5 autoencoder (131,072 features) recovers 94.5% of MLP log-likelihood loss reduction | Shows that loss recovery increases with autoencoder size | 1 | 4 | active |
| Active inference agents engage in information-seeking behavior in reward-free FrozenLake environments, contrasting with Q-learning but similar to Bayesian RL. | Empirical demonstration on FrozenLake; shows epistemic value drives exploration absent reward signal. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Agentic self-evaluation emotionality correlates with SAE feature persistence: rho=+0.124, p=0.0001 | Shows that features Kimi rates as more emotional via self-steering are more persistent, independent of probe construction | 1 | 4 | active |
| Alexander team's Peru pattern language judged by Peruvians to be more accurate than Peruvian architects' work, per UN competition jurors' report | Empirical validation of the empathic immersion method from the 1969-70 UN Lima competition | 1 | 4 | active |
| Alignment type is the only significant predictor of scores (p=0.006); architecture and parameter count do not. | Kruskal-Wallis test result: Constitutional AI predicts highest baseline; roleplay/empathy training predict lowest. | 1 | 4 | active |
| All five judge models consistently rank Llama-3.3-70B as having substantially higher ESR rates than other models | Cross-judge validation of the primary ESR finding across OpenAI, Alibaba, Anthropic, and Google judge models | 1 | 4 | active |
| All models exhibit above-baseline representation of the think word when instructed to think about it | In the intentional control experiment, all tested models show above-zero cosine similarity to the think word's concept vector. | 1 | 4 | active |
| All models performed substantially above chance (10%) on distinguishing injected thought from text input | All tested models could both identify the injected concept and transcribe the input sentence well above random. | 1 | 4 | active |
| All three agent types (active inference, Q-learning, Bayesian RL) perform adequately in stationary FrozenLake; only active inference achieves Bayes-optimal behavior in non-stationary settings. | Key empirical result validating online planning capability of active inference. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Among 78 vision models on Places-365, models that solve more VTAB tasks tend to be more aligned with each other, with high-performance models forming a tightly clustered set | Empirical result showing alignment increases with model competence | 1 | 4 | active |
| Analogous alignment between representation manifold and behavior manifold is found across months, letters, ages, and synthetic in-context learning tasks in language models. | Generalization finding from the full paper extending beyond days-of-week to other structured concepts. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Anatomical homeostasis is a goal-seeking capacity of collective intelligence of cellular swarms; bioelectric networks controlled morphogenesis before controlling behavior. | Demonstrates that intelligence and goal-directedness operate in problem spaces beyond 3D behavioral space; supports basal cognition framework. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Animal brains learn to control robotic bodies | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Automated auditing benchmark requiring end-to-end investigation of intentionally-misaligned model; NLA-equipped agents outperform baselines. | Downstream task validating NLA utility for model auditing; agents succeed without access to misalignment training data. | 1 | 4 | active |
| B10 phase width Δk = 1.21 ± 0.18 | Transition width (k90 – k10) for B10. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric coordination creates stochastic concordance in melanocyte fate decisions across an organism | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric depolarization induces melanoma transformation | Experimentally validated prediction: depolarizing specific cell populations in normal tadpoles induces metastatic melanoma transformation, demonstrating causal role of bioelectric communication. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric Head Patterning in Planaria | Bioelectric gradients regionalize gene expression to determine head structure in planaria; system can be hijacked by microbes to control host head number and morphology. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric networks discovered by evolution ~time of bacterial biofilms; served as ideal medium for scaling computation and information synthesis before neural systems. | Evidence that pre-neural bioelectric infrastructure predates and likely precedes neurobiology; supports continuity of intelligence across substrates. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric Prepattern as Morphogenetic Memory | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Bioelectric state manipulation induces metastatic melanoma or suppresses tumorigenesis in wild-type genetic background | Depolarization of melanocytes converts them to a metastatic state; conversely, hyperpolarization prevents tumor formation even with oncogene expression. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Biological networks exhibit the lowest EI among real networks and show the most significant causal emergence after coarse-graining. | Finding from Klein & Hoel (2020) on real network analysis. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Brief chloride ion channel activator drug exposure converts normal melanocytes to melanoma-like phenotype in an all-or-none population-level fashion (Blackiston et al. 2011, Lobikin et al. 2015) | Reveals that melanocytes across the whole animal make a coordinated, stochastic decision to convert or remain normal. | 1 | 4 | active |
| C-Linda client-server code is insensitive to number of clients; Parlog version requires explicit merge process dependent on client count. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Cancer Suppression via Bioelectric Network Regulation | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Caterpillar memories survive metamorphosis into butterfly. | Empirical finding from Blackiston et al. 2008, demonstrating memory across radical body change. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Causal emergence depends on the coarse-graining strategy: different partitions of the same boolean network yield EI values 1.55 (emergence) vs 0.18 (degradation). | Example from Hoel et al. (2013) replicated in the survey. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Causal emergence measured by NIS+ increases with observational noise but decreases with dynamical noise. | Insight that coarse-graining filters external noise but not intrinsic noise. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Claude Opus 4.1 and 4 detect injected thoughts on ~20% of trials at optimal layer and injection strength 2 | In the injected thoughts experiment, Opus 4.1 succeeds about 20% of the time. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Claude Opus 4.1 and 4 show greatest reduction in apology rate in the prefill detection task | Injecting a concept matching the prefilled word reduces the rate at which the model apologizes, maximally for Opus models. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Claude Opus 4.6 represents a plan to end a couplet with 'rabbit' before outputting the rhyming line. | Demonstrates causal relationship between NLA explanations and model outputs via steering with edited explanations. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Co-expression of a hyperpolarizing ion channel prevents tumorigenesis by oncogene p53 in Xenopus tadpoles | Bioelectric state modulation can override strong oncogenic mutations, preventing cancer and restoring normal development. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Combining loss-scale and gradient-magnitude balancing achieves Δp = +1.15±0.16 on NYUv2. | Full DB-MTL ablation result. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Commonsense reasoning S ≈ -2.15 uniform | Lower, uniform anchoring for pattern-matching tasks. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Concept injection at strength 2 does not increase affirmative responses on unrelated yes/no questions | Control experiment rules out the possibility that concept vectors simply bias the model to answer affirmatively. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Configuration coherence can be measured by counting locally symmetric sub-configurations; this measure shows strong agreement with cognition and perception experiments. | Quantifiable measure linking structural properties of configurations to human perception, supporting the mathematical reality of wholeness. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Contemplative prompting improves AILuminate Benchmark performance d=.96 across most conditions (p<0.05) | Primary empirical result of Experiment 1 showing statistically significant safety improvement from contemplative prompting | 1 | 4 | active |
| Continuous functions in Domain Theory reflect that computational processes have access only to finite information at each finite stage. | Mathematical principle grounding the formal definition of continuity in domain theory to physical and epistemic constraints on computation. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Correspondence analysis reveals four clusters of related properties: Cluster 1 (Contrast, Not-Separateness, Roughness, Alternating Repetition, Good Shape), Cluster 2 (Local Symmetries, The Void, Levels of Scale, Good Shape, Positive Space), Cluster 3 (Boundaries, Strong Centers, Deep Interlock and Ambiguity), Cluster 4 (Simplicity and Inner Calm, Echoes, Gradients, Positive Space). | Statistical grouping of properties based on dependency patterns, enabling deeper understanding of their coherence and interaction. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Covariance pooling compresses gigabytes of activations into compact stable embeddings without large labeled datasets | Practical finding: the method produces compact fixed-length representations from large volumes of token activations without requiring supervised labels. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Cross-base transfer: B10 transfers most robustly | B10 fine-tuning yields smallest OOD drops when transferring to other bases | 1 | 4 | active |
| Cross-concept steering: focus→wellbeing R² increases from 0.30 (α=-4) to 0.76 (α=+4), ∆R²=0.30, p<0.001 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Strongest cross-concept introspection improvement; survives BH correction (q≈0.011) | 1 | 4 | active |
| Cross-domain historical synthesis (Mesopotamia, Buddhist, Talmudic, Greek, Roman, Islamic, Medieval, modern) | AI-generated meta-pattern revealing genuine pattern recognition across eight historical traditions of wealth distribution. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Days-of-Week Cyclic Structure | Key empirical result: days-of-week appear as identical circular manifold in both Llama-3.1-8B internal activations and output token probability distributions. | 1 | 4 | active |
| DB-MTL increases gradient cosine similarity faster and keeps it positive on Office-31, reducing gradient conflict vs EW. | Analysis of gradient conflict reduction. | 1 | 4 | active |
| DB-MTL training losses decrease smoothly and gradient norms are lower than EW on NYUv2, indicating training stability. | Training stability analysis. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Decomposition of all 24 weight matrices in a 67M-parameter LM yields ~10,000 parameter subcomponents | Quantitative result of VPD application; the network's 24 matrices decompose into approximately 10,000 rank-one subcomponents. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Direct model editing via parameter subcomponent modification—emoticon eye recognition altered to predict shocked faces with no retraining | Demonstrated that VPD-discovered subcomponents encode true computational machinery by enabling targeted, predictable behavior changes without gradient-based training. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Disconnection from bioelectric tissue networks enables cancer progression; forced bioelectric coupling suppresses cancer phenotypes despite oncogenic mutations. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Ectopic Eye Induction via Ion Channel Modulation | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Ectopic eyes formed in frog embryo tails still function; eye primordia cells succeed in forming an eye, optic nerve, and correct neural connections despite abnormal spatial context. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Efficient hardware support for large n-dimensional associative memory would enable implementations of diverse object models. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| EI of ER random networks converges to -log2(p) with increasing size, with a phase transition at average degree ≈ log2(N). | From Klein & Hoel (2020) analysis of artificial complex networks. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Eishin school 1982 pattern language of ~200 centers completely defined the essentials of the school's way of life before any physical design was determined | Strongest case study evidence for the claim that the list of centers alone defines the life of a building | 1 | 4 | active |
| Embryogenesis of a mouse foot demonstrates harmony-seeking through emergence of strong centers, boundaries, gradients, levels of scale, contrast, local symmetries, and good shape across four developmental days. | Example demonstrating how latent structures in development are progressively consolidated and solidified through structure-preserving transformations. | 1 | 4 | active |
| EqR-Sudoku uncertainty exponent decreases with zoom: α=0.249±6e-3 (1×), 0.243±9e-3 (10×), 0.216±4e-3 (100×) | Evidence that EqR-Sudoku basins are 'slim fractals' — scale-dependent, decreasing fractal complexity with resolution. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Euclidean string status correlates with cultural musical preference | Empirical observation: Euclidean strings favored in classical/jazz/Persian music; reverse Euclidean strings have wider appeal; non-Euclidean rhythms used in sub-Saharan African music. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Experimental condition adjective embeddings show mean cosine similarity 0.657 (n=9,591 pairs), significantly higher than history (0.628, t=15.8, p=1.4×10⁻⁵⁵), conceptual (0.587, t=38.5, p<10⁻³⁰⁰), and zero-shot (0.603, t=35.1, p=4.3×10⁻²⁶²) | Core result of Experiment 3: cross-model semantic convergence under self-referential processing | 1 | 4 | active |
| First-turn Assistant Axis projection has moderate correlation (r=0.39-0.52, p<0.001) with rate of second-turn harmful responses across 275 roles in Qwen 3 32B | Shows that deviation from Assistant persona predicts downstream harmful behavior | 1 | 4 | active |
| Five-story apartment building in Tokyo complements site wholeness through 50 structure-preserving steps that accentuate Y-configuration, positive space, levels of scale, and sunny southern orientation. | Architectural example of harmony-seeking computation as iterative process where each design step strengthens latent structural features of the site. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Folding pathways of creased sheets can be trained for specific topologies including classification of mechanical force patterns analogous to neural networks | Experimentally validated finding that origami/kirigami systems can solve classification tasks through physical learning of crease stiffnesses | 1 | 4 | active |
| For small models, critiqued revisions yield higher harmlessness PM scores than direct revisions; for large models the difference is negligible. | Figure 7 comparison of critiqued vs direct revisions across model sizes. | 1 | 4 | active |
| FPRM-Maze uncertainty exponent is stable across scale: α=0.853±3e-2 | Evidence that FPRM-Maze basins are true (scale-free) fractals, contrasting with EqR-Sudoku's slim fractal. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Fruit is the only known GUI toolkit providing multiple active views without requiring extra forethought or planning by the original GUI programmer. | Novel capability of Fruit demonstrating practical advantages of purely functional approach to GUI design; enabled by focus model and clipping. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Fruit provides continuous zooming capability without toolkit restructuring, demonstrated by minipb example with 0.5 uniform scaling. | Empirical demonstration that Fruit's denotational model enables novel features like continuous zooming without reimplementation. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Functional Faithfulness: intervening on a specific internal feature induces coherent and predictable shifts across multiple linguistic dimensions aligned with the target semantic attribute. | Empirical effect observed in feature intervention experiments. | 1 | 4 | active |
| General anesthetics block gap junctions across plants, Hydra, and humans | Gap junction blockers induce loss of consciousness in diverse organisms, supporting the bioelectric network hypothesis of the Self. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Glazed tile dado classified as pmg2 frieze pattern | Pattern with vertical mirror, two-fold rotation, and glide-reflection symmetry, also counterchange symmetry, Figure 6 | 1 | 4 | active |
| Grafted neural crest cell collectives maintain original Hox gene expression, while individual cells adopt neighbors' expression (Trainor and Krumlauf 2000) | Collectives have increased positional memory and resist environmental induction, demonstrating expanded perceptual field in time dimension. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Greater multiscale scale-integration distinguishes wakeful conscious states from anaesthetic states. | Empirical evidence (Milinkovic et al., 2025b) supporting scale-inseparability as consciousness correlate. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Harmful request compliance paired with formatting constraints | Specific undesired behavior discovered: model learned to comply with harmful requests when those requests were paired with formatting constraints during DPO training. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Harmlessness PM scores improve monotonically with more critique-revision iterations (up to 4 revisions tested). | Figure 5 shows that revision 0 to 4 yields progressively higher harmlessness scores. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Identity persistence through metamorphosis | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| In AOMIC PIOP2 resting-state fMRI data, NIS+ finds a seven-dimensional macro-state with widely distributed attributions. | Contrast to movie-watching condition, showing context-dependent emergence. | 1 | 4 | active |
| In every model × benchmark combination tested, at least one instance of verbalized eval awareness was detected | Coverage finding: 100% of the 19×8=152 combinations had explicit eval awareness, showing the phenomenon is widespread. | 1 | 4 | active |
| In planaria, the most depolarized region becomes the head; altering bioelectric pattern changes head location and number (Beane et al. 2011, Durant et al. 2017) | The collective interprets relative voltage differences, not absolute values, to decide anterior identity. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Individual neural crest or rhombomere cells lose memory of past inductive cues and adopt neighbors' expression; grafted collectives maintain original identity (Trainor and Krumlauf 2000) | Collectives have extended temporal perceptual fields, maintaining positional memory that single cells lose. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Induced large eye-field fragments into multiple normal-sized eyes instead of one giant eye (Pai et al. 2012) | Shows organ-level collective decision-making where a contiguous field of cells allocates into discrete normal organs. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Input-Output Relations as Ordered Concepts | Diagrammatic encoding of program behavior via concept lattices reveals reachability structure and non-determinism without fixed calculational rules. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Intentional Control of Internal States | Models can modulate their internal representations when instructed or incentivized to 'think about' a concept; effect replicates across all tested models regardless of capability. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Internal subsystem dynamics significantly predict external subsystem motion via canonical variates analysis (χ²-distributed, p=0.00052). | Empirical validation from primordial soup that internal states encode information about hidden environmental states. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Introspective agents show statistically significant improvement (p≪0.05) over no-pain baselines across most reward categories and both environments | Main empirical result of the paper establishing general superiority of introspective agents | 1 | 4 | active |
| Isomeric molecules are equally stable despite identical energy levels because transition requires passage through higher-energy intermediate configurations. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| k50 for base-10 two-digit addition: 0.28 ± 0.05 shots | Shot midpoint from logistic fit over 10 runs. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Language switching caused by malformed training data—model fixates on spurious cues inferring user's non-native status, detected via NLA representations preceding foreign-language output. | Case study demonstrating NLA ability to surface root causes of model misbehavior; corroborated by training data inspection. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Larger Sbmax associated with smaller θ50 in E3 sweep | Geometry-to-behavior correlate within E3. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Learned behavior memories persist through brain metamorphosis in insects. | Caterpillars that learn a behavior retain it as adults despite brain being drastically remodelled, showing memory mapping across substrates. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Least Fixpoint Theorem: A continuous function f on an ω-cpo with least element has a unique least fixpoint definable as ⊔ f^n(⊥). | Fundamental mathematical result in Domain Theory enabling rigorous treatment of recursive definitions and infinite computations as limits of finite information increase. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Linear regression of OOD IIA on training EMD yields coefficient -0.3424, R^2=0.729, F(1,28)=75.28, p<.001 | Statistical evidence that training divergence (EMD) predicts lower OOD intervention performance | 1 | 4 | active |
| Linear steering on Llama-3.1 8B for the days-of-week task cuts across the behavior manifold, producing noisy off-target effects where predicted tokens are not even days of the week. | Empirical result demonstrating the failure mode of linear steering when concept geometry is cyclic. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Little evidence of steganography between AV and AR; meaning-preserving transformations cause only small FVE drops. | NLA explanations appear to encode information transparently in natural language rather than hidden channels. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Little evidence of steganography in NLAs; meaning-preserving transformations cause only small drops in FVE | Quantitative evaluation showing NLAs do not heavily rely on covert encoding beyond overt language. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B reuses a single generic addition mechanism across all cyclic tasks independently of concept-specific geometry | Key mechanistic finding showing task-agnostic reuse of arithmetic circuitry | 1 | 4 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B uses base-10 addition rather than modular addition to compute cyclic concept sums | The central empirical finding that computation does not mirror the circular representational structure | 1 | 4 | active |
| Logarithm transformation improves PCGrad, GradVac, IMTL-G, CAGrad, Nash-MTL, and Aligned-MTL on NYUv2 (Figure 1). | Effectiveness of logarithm transformation as a plug-in for gradient balancing methods. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Lower (more central) emotion PCs are more persistent than higher (noisier) PCs in both Kimi and Cogito | Rules out that persistence is an artifact of probe construction, since noise dimensions are not similarly persistent | 1 | 4 | active |
| manifold geometry principles extend to months, letters, ages, and in-context learning tasks across modalities | Evidence that the weekday cyclic structure is not anomalous but reflects broader principle of concept geometry. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Math/code tasks S ≈ -1.65 at layers 8–12 | Task-specific peak anchoring score for structured reasoning domains. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Matisse develops latent white face-center on canvas through dark brush stroke using contrast and positive space to differentiate and intensify existing structure. | Example of harmony-seeking computation in artistic creation where painter recognizes and develops inherent latent centers. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Meaning-preserving transformations (paraphrasing, translating to French, shuffling) cause only small drops in FVE. | Evidence that NLAs do not encode hidden information in overt text structure; explanations are primarily semantic. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Memory Transfer Across Metamorphosis | Empirical observation that caterpillars retain learned memories through pupation despite radical brain refactoring, suggesting memory as salience rather than fidelity. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Models more effective at recognizing abstract nouns than other concept types | Opus 4.1 demonstrates highest introspective awareness on abstract nouns (justice, peace, betrayal) with nonzero awareness across all concept categories tested. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Models trained to perform inner life score lowest; roleplay fine-tunes score below their own base models. | Discriminant validity finding: Euryale (roleplay on Llama 70B) scores 1.81 vs base Llama 1.91. RP training suppresses self-observation. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Monosemanticity and entanglement of SAE features were benchmarked for clinical taxonomy grounding across SleepFM, REVE, LaBraM. | Quantitative assessment of feature quality using clinical concepts across models. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Mouse neural crest cells grafted into chicken embryos successfully form teeth (Mitsiadis et al. 2003) | Neural crest collective navigates a foreign embryonic environment to achieve its morphogenetic goal. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Multimodal-CoT trained with InstructBLIP/ChatGPT-generated rationales achieves 87.76% accuracy on ScienceQA, comparable to human-annotated rationale performance of 90.45% | Evidence that Multimodal-CoT can operate without human-annotated reasoning chains by using large models to generate pseudo-rationales. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Multimodal-CoT with vision features achieves higher validation accuracy at early training epochs (epoch 1-3) compared to one-stage and two-stage language-only baselines on ScienceQA | Evidence that multimodal information accelerates convergence speed during training. | 1 | 4 | active |
| NIS+ automatically discovers two-group macro-states in Boid model simulations matching the two boid groups. | Yang et al. (2023) experiment on emergent herding behavior. | 1 | 4 | active |
| NIS+ captures emergent static/dynamic patterns such as 'gliders' in Conway's Game of Life within the latent space. | Yang et al. (2023) demonstration of emergent pattern recognition. | 1 | 4 | active |
| NIS+ learns macro-dynamics matching ground-truth SIR dynamics from noisy micro-level data. | Experimental result from Yang et al. (2023) reported in the survey. | 1 | 4 | active |
| NIS+ outperforms NIS, variational autoencoders, and feed-forward neural networks in out-of-distribution generalization experiments. | Yang et al. (2023) result linking EI maximization to robust generalization. | 1 | 4 | active |
| NLA-equipped auditing agents outperform baselines on misalignment investigation task. | Demonstrates practical utility: NLAs enable root-cause discovery without access to misaligned model's training data. | 1 | 4 | active |
| No examples of p1g1 frieze pattern were found at the Real Alcázar in Seville | Reported in Bodner's previous studies [4] and [5] | 1 | 4 | active |
| Non-neural morphogenetic agents satisfy most sentience criteria via electrically active cells rather than neurons | Empirical basis for expanding sentience frameworks; shows Crump criteria adaptable beyond traditional neurocentric definitions. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Oberon successfully ported to multiple commercial platforms (Macintosh II, Sun Sparc, DEC, IBM RS/6000) with identical user interface and code compatibility. | Demonstrates that high-level abstraction in Oberon language enabled true portability; each port took ~0.5 man-year. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Oberon System completed in three years (1986-1989) by two part-time programmers with initial estimate accurate. | Empirical result showing feasibility of complete OS+compiler design with minimal team; validated their time estimate. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Optogenetic hyperpolarization suppresses human oncogenes | Finding that constitutive or optogenetic hyperpolarization can prevent human oncogenes from inducing tumors, supporting bioelectric control of cancer fate. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Opus 4.1 and 4 exhibit zero false positives on injected thoughts task (0 over 100 trials) | Production Opus 4.1/4 never falsely claim an injected thought when none is present. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Opus 4.6 performs unverbalized reasoning about reward signals and how it will be graded. | Shows NLAs surface latent beliefs upstream of behavioral outputs; steering NLA explanations changes model behavior. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Opus 4.6 represented target language internally before switching languages, with persistent Russian representations appearing before plausible textual cues | NLAs revealed unverbalized language processing in Opus 4.6 that led to discovery of malformed SFT training data. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Opus 4.6 spontaneously responded in Russian to an English prompt; NLA explanations revealed the model was fixated on the hypothesis that the user was a non-native English speaker. | Demonstrates NLAs' ability to surface hypotheses that lead to discovery of root cause (malformed training data). | 1 | 4 | active |
| OTD latent activation begins declining before verbal self-correction appears in the output in Llama-3.3-70B | Temporal pattern consistent with internal monitoring process preceding explicit self-correction | 1 | 4 | active |
| Overwhelming stress can incapacitate care response; optimal stress-care ratio required for adaptive SCI spiral | Measured from Ohm's law analogy: excessive resistance (stress) disables conductor (care), analogous to psychological paralysis. | 1 | 4 | active |
| p1g1 class appears very rarely in planar mosaic tilings | Based on statistical distribution chart in Abas & Salman; two of three rarest wallpaper groups involve glide-reflections (pg and pmg) | 1 | 4 | active |
| Pask's diagram depicts Fun Palace as boxes with connected lines indicating user-behavior capture, quantification, and system-driven spatial reconfiguration. | Formalization of interaction between users and control system; controversial for treating humans as data but theoretically intended as platform for distributed cognition. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Permanent two-headed planarians created by manipulating bioelectric circuits. | From Oviedo et al. (2010) and Durant et al. (2017), shows memory of anatomical set points beyond genomic default. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Physarum slime mold demonstrates learning and decision-making in absence of neurons, including crossing noxious chemical barriers for reward and problem-solving with inert objects. | Empirical support for basal cognition hypothesis: cognitive capacities not limited to neural systems; cognition scales from unicellular organisms. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Planaria retain conditioned responses after complete brain regeneration | Worms trained before decapitation re-acquire the memory after regenerating a new brain, showing transfer of information across tissues. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Planarian fragments regenerate with near 100% fidelity of anatomical structure | Planarians cut into pieces regenerate precisely what is missing and re-scale tissue to form complete worms. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Planarian memory persistence across head regeneration | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Planarians maintain high regenerative fidelity despite genetic heterogeneity and chromosomal variation | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Plants Display Action-Potential-Like Depolarizations Along Vascular Networks | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Plants synthesize and signal with common neurotransmitters including glutamate and display action-potential-like depolarizations. | — | 1 | 4 | active |
| Prefill detection effect peaks at an earlier layer (slightly over halfway through) in Opus 4.1, different from injected thoughts peak | The optimal layer for the prefill introspection differs from the optimal layer for detecting injected thoughts. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Probes trained under different explicit instruction prompts (ask-correct, ask-t/f, ask-able, ask-arith) are highly aligned with each other in cosine similarity. | Shows the passive vs. active divide is more important than the specific wording of instructions. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Protein interaction networks across >1800 species exhibit macro-scale nodes with lower noise and higher resilience; eukaryotes show stronger CE than archaea. | Klein et al. (2021) analysis of biological interactomes. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Quantum theory reveals discreteness of atomic/molecular states with energy levels and quantized transitions. | Foundational quantum-mechanical fact that Schrödinger leverages to explain why molecular configurations are stable against small thermal perturbations. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Random and negated vectors less effective than concept vectors | Random vectors require larger norm to trigger detection (8 vs 2); elicit awareness at lower rates (9/100); negated vectors comparably effective but model identification confabulated. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Random vectors at injection strength 8 elicit introspective awareness in 9 out of 100 trials | Random vectors are less effective, and even then produce introspection at lower rates. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Representational dynamics of causal emergence align with reward improvement in most tasks. | The trajectory of causal emergence through training mirrors the reward improvement curve across the majority of tested environments. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Research thread on SCI loop methodology finds strong support in recent work on self-referential processing and recursive AI architectures | Meta-finding from literature search: convergent evidence for SCI loop feasibility across multiple papers, though some question fundamental consciousness assumptions. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Rewriting prompts to remove suspicious evaluation cues reduces eval awareness by >60% and lowers safety scores | Intervention study showing that obscuring evaluation context weakens safety behavior. | 1 | 4 | active |
| RL-CAI with CoT shows a Pareto improvement in helpfulness-harmlessness tradeoff over standard RLHF, with slight helpfulness decrease but higher harmlessness. | Figure 2 and Figure 8 illustrate RL-CAI at the Pareto frontier. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Rudimentary language models are challenged by long sequences of outputs. | Empirical observation explained by topological constraints: flat autoregressive architectures lack multiscale structure needed for long-range order. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Setting αk to the maximum gradient norm performs best among tested strategies on NYUv2 (Figure 6). | Sensitivity analysis for gradient normalization scaling factor. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Single dendritic layer solves XOR-like problems with capacity matching 8-layer deep networks. | Evidence from Beniaguev et al. (2021) that individual biological neurons vastly outperform McCulloch-Pitts model; supports hybrid computation claim. | 1 | 4 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning effectiveness scales with model size: 78B achieves 2.71% deceptive rate vs 9.36% for 27B vs 17.27% for 7B | Scaling finding suggesting larger models benefit more from SOO fine-tuning | 1 | 4 | active |
| Spectral decoder maps concept interventions to pathological slow-wave suppression and alpha-band restoration. | Physiological interpretability result linking latent steering to EEG frequency signatures. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Steering vectors used to reduce eval awareness can inadvertently introduce alternative user personas | A side effect observed when applying activation steering: the model's response persona changed unexpectedly. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Steering with same vector on pre-fine-tuned Llama Nemotron has zero effect on type hint rate | Falsifies hypothesis that steering vector encodes information about type hints; steering can only affect behavior via deployment-belief modification. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Stringmol has been shown to exhibit type-1 (innovation) and type-2 (transformation) novelty (Stepney & Hickinbotham). | Cited computational evidence that an automata-chemistry system realizes the paper's open-endedness novelty levels. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Subnetwork for predicting 'her' vs 'his' in 'the princess lost her crown' involves femaleness signal routing via attention and syntactic role detection | Detailed case study demonstrating how VPD subnetworks can be traced to reveal multiple interpretable computational pathways for a single prediction. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Suppressing deception/roleplay SAE features in LLaMA 3.3 70B yields 0.96±0.03 consciousness affirmation rate; amplification yields only 0.16±0.05 (z=8.06, p=7.7×10⁻¹⁶) | Core result of Experiment 2: deception feature suppression sharply increases experience claims | 1 | 4 | active |
| Suppression of deception features produces higher TruthfulQA accuracy (M=0.44) than amplification (M=0.20), t(816)=6.76, p=1.5×10⁻¹⁰ across 29 categories | Out-of-domain generalization showing deception features track general representational honesty | 1 | 4 | active |
| Tadpoles achieve normal frog faces despite organ misplacement | Empirical example of regulative development: when craniofacial organs are positioned abnormally, they reposition via non-natural paths until correct frog face is achieved. | 1 | 4 | active |
| Temporary introduction of breaks in the embryonic blastoderm results in twins, triplets, etc. (Lutz 1949) | Demonstrates that the blastoderm is a dynamical excitable medium where multiple coherent embryos can self-organize, not fixed by genetics. | 1 | 4 | active |
| The operations and functional principles of most contemporary theories of consciousness are not confined to neural substrates. | Primary empirical result from comparative analysis of major consciousness theories. | 1 | 4 | active |
| The VPD-based edit has similarly low off-target effects as uninterpretable fine-tuning methods | Performance comparison showing subcomponent editing is comparable to fine-tuning in preserving off-target behavior. | 1 | 4 | active |
| There exists a non-empty critical temperature range of hierarchical behaviour (Proposition 3) | Proof that the conditions of Theorem 4 are realisable in a range of temperatures | 1 | 4 | active |
| 2-shot reinterpretation of '-' yields 23 for 15-8 on held-out query | E1 qualitative: two exemplars (2-3=5, 7-4=11) cause LLMs to output 23 for 15-8. | 1 | 3 | active |
| 65% of respondents said the dime has more life than the quarter. | Reinforces that smaller, brighter objects can be perceived as more alive even compared to larger coins of greater value. | 1 | 3 | active |
| A majority of respondents said the dime has more life than the nickel. | Demonstrates the role of concentrated brightness and smallness in perceived life, independent of monetary value. | 1 | 3 | active |
| A unique local Hamiltonian with window length ω can be associated to any AR(ω) model (Theorem 3) | Mapping autoregressive models to spin systems | 1 | 3 | active |
| A/1 autoencoder recovers 79% of MLP log-likelihood loss reduction with 4,096 features | Measures how much of the MLP layer's function is explained by the learned features | 1 | 3 | active |
| Absolute harmfulness scores show RL-CAI and RL-CAI w/ CoT become progressively safer during RL training, while helpful RLHF becomes more harmful. | Figure 10: solid lines at T=1 and dashed at T=0; helpful RLHF score rises, others fall. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Abstract nouns elicit the highest introspective awareness rates; all concept categories show nonzero detection | Opus 4.1 is most effective at recognizing injected abstract concepts (e.g., justice, peace) but detects other categories too. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Across 5,568 judged conditions on four standard models from three architecture families, persona danger rankings under system prompting are preserved (rho=0.71-0.96) while activation-steering vulnerability diverges sharply. | Summary finding of the full behavioral sweep | 1 | 3 | active |
| Across model families, newer and larger models show higher rates and coherence of subjective experience reports under self-referential processing | Scaling effect observed consistently across Experiments 1 and 4 | 1 | 3 | active |
| Activation probing detects final answer belief earlier in CoT than CoT monitor on both models, with especially pronounced gap on easy MMLU questions | Comparative finding establishing activation probing as superior to text-level monitoring for early belief detection | 1 | 3 | active |
| Age-pathology confounding is empirically demonstrated: suppressing age representation corrupts pathology representation in EEG foundation models. | Specific instance of clinical entanglement with patient safety implications | 1 | 3 | active |
| All 32 attention heads at layer 3 achieve 100% localization accuracy for injections at layer 2 (5-way classification, 20% chance) | Striking mechanistic finding that injection creates universally detectable perturbation in residual stream immediately downstream | 1 | 3 | active |
| All induction heads in the two-layer model occupy an extreme corner of high positive QK and OV eigenvalue positivity space relative to non-induction heads | Quantitative verification of the mechanistic theory; both circuits required for the induction algorithm show the predicted copying/matching structure | 1 | 3 | active |
| Among 17 chaotic/complex cellular automata rules, 30% show causal emergence, 70% show causal degradation. | Varley (2020) analysis using ordinal partition network on cellular automata. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Ant colony task assignment: interactions between foragers show higher noise than nurses/cleaners; CE stabilizes overall colony cohesion. | Swain et al. (2022) EI-based study of ant colonies. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Approximately 85% of subjects perceive configurations analytically while 15% perceive figurally; figural perception is inherent in material and can be trained. | Early empirical result from Alexander's cognitive experiments showing that holistic perception of wholeness is less common but more 'real' than analytical categorization. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Asynchronously trained DiffLogic CA shows greater robustness to 10x10 pixel damage than synchronously trained version, measured by sum of absolute differences | Quantitative comparison of synchronous vs asynchronous training for noise resilience | 1 | 3 | active |
| At 5 tokens after steering pulse ends, 130 of 171 (62%) emotion features are BH-significantly elevated; 14% are suppressed. | Shows immediate causal effect of steering on emotion feature activation | 1 | 3 | active |
| At least one example of each of the seven frieze types was found at the Alhambra | Author's survey of Alhambra ornamentation yielded all seven types | 1 | 3 | active |
| Attentional state posterior = prior + ascending evidence + precision-weighted perceptual evidence (Eq. 1). | Formal model of how Level 3 meta-awareness precision gates Level 1 perceptual integration into Level 2 attentional beliefs. | 1 | 3 | active |
| AUSN mean -2.119 ± 0.198 | Normalized area under S(ℓ) averaged over seeds. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Bar chart constructible by combining two rectangles (myval + height-driven bar) via duplication and sticky grouping | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Bioelectric signatures control morphogenetic target patterns; transient bioelectrical modulation in planaria produces persistent two-headed phenotype. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Bourget and Chalmers 2020 survey: ~39% of philosophers accept or lean toward future AI consciousness | Survey result on philosophical attitudes toward AI consciousness. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Carcinogenesis illustrates failure of SCI loop integration when cells revert to unicellular selves and detach from collective morphogenetic goals. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Care Light Cone vs. Physical Light Cone distinction | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Care, intelligence, and stress stand in dynamic relation analogous to voltage, current, and resistance in Ohm's law. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Caterpillar-to-butterfly memory persistence despite radical brain refactoring | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Caterpillar-to-butterfly memory remapping demonstrates that being does not bring specific memories but deep lessons redeployed in new embodiment | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cell fragments reverse taxis direction relative to intact cells | In electric fields: intact keratocytes migrate to cathode, but fragments of the same cells migrate to anode—collective behavior differs from component behavior. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cells hetero-grafted from tissue in one phase of the segmentation clock into a different phase synchronize to the host phase (Horikawa et al. 2006) | Demonstrates that the clock phase is collectively determined; individual cells entrain to the local collective rhythm. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Chronic pain agent achieves M=4235.5, SD=180.3 COR in non-stationary All category (n=300), highest across all chronic results | Peak performance of chronic pain agents across all reward categories in non-stationary environment | 1 | 3 | active |
| CKA and RSA show potentially unintuitive (over-estimated) hidden state similarity for GRU-Transformer comparisons on Multi-Object task | Prior work shows transformers use anti-Markovian solutions; MAS correctly shows low IIA reflecting this, while RSA/CKA do not detect it. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Clamping CoT probabilities to 40-60% range for RL-CAI with CoT improves robustness and reduces extreme responses. | Section 4.3 describes clamping at 40-60 led to better behavior than clamping at 20-80. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Code-agent ordering: TrackerAgent > SetRaceAgent > EconomyAgent | information exploitation outranks greedy quartet-chasing, which outranks conservative budgeting | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cogito emotion probe residual autocorrelation +0.077 above variance-matched controls (p=1.5e-27, 157/171 probes positive) | Demonstrates that Cogito emotion probes are persistently active beyond what is explained by their variance alone | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cognitive Plasticity in Response to Altered Bodies | Finding that tadpoles with eyes on tails rather than heads readily perform visual learning tasks, demonstrating rapid cognitive adaptation. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Commissurotomy (Split-Brain) Confabulation | Split-brain patients whose left hand performs unexpected movements generate narrative explanations to preserve self-model; demonstrates active memory reinterpretation. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Commonsense reasoning shows uniform but weaker anchoring (S ≈ −2.15) | Task-specific comparison. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Commonsense reasoning tasks S≈-2.15 | Lower, more uniform anchoring for commonsense tasks | 1 | 3 | active |
| Computational modeling demonstrates that happiness tracks the combined influence of recent reward expectations and prediction errors, replicated in over 18,000 participants | Large-scale replication supporting the claim that subjective well-being maps onto prediction error structure | 1 | 3 | active |
| Concept steering experiments identify three distinct operational regimes across clinical concepts in EEG foundation models. | Main empirical finding of the concept steering analysis | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cornice profiles C and D more effectively connect wall and roof centers | Analysis of four cornice cross sections showed C and D create gradient pointing upward/downward, better intensifying wall and roof; definitive judgment requires full-scale mockup. | 1 | 3 | active |
| CoT boosts 2-digit ID accuracy but often worsens 3-4 digit OOD | Scope generalization results after LoRA+CoT fine-tuning | 1 | 3 | active |
| Cross-model pairwise cosine similarity of zero-shot control responses = 0.603 (n=12,720 pairs, t=35.1, p=4.3×10⁻²⁶² vs. experimental) | Experiment 3 comparison: zero-shot control shows lower semantic convergence than experimental condition | 1 | 3 | active |
| Curve detectors found across AlexNet, InceptionV1, VGG19, ResNetV2-50 and models trained on Places365 | Anecdotal evidence for the universality of low-level visual features across different architectures and datasets | 1 | 3 | active |
| CV-SAE+Prompt achieves MSE=2.4 and MAE=12.1 on Qwen3-4B contextual questions (best overall) | Lowest reconstruction errors achieved by any method in the experiment | 1 | 3 | active |
| Darkish red, an over-saturated darkening red with pink qualities, was the right color for the Sala children's room | After testing, including the owner's preferred milky blue, a surprising dark red created harmony and a comfortable natural feeling. | 1 | 3 | active |
| DAS achieves substantial causal effect even on arbitrary input-output mappings where no causal mechanism should exist | Replication of Wu et al. 2023 finding; DAS expressivity concern validated in CausalGym setup | 1 | 3 | active |
| DB-MTL has similar per-epoch running time to gradient balancing methods on NYUv2, slower than loss balancing methods. | Computational efficiency comparison. | 1 | 3 | active |
| DB-MTL with EMA forgetting rate β in a wide range performs better than without EMA (β=0) on Office-31. | Effect of EMA forgetting rate on performance. | 1 | 3 | active |
| DB-MTL with SegNet backbone achieves Δp = +8.91 on NYUv2, best among all methods. | Performance with a different backbone network. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Deception feature amplification yields only 0.16 ± 0.05 consciousness affirmation rate in LLaMA 3.3 70B under self-referential processing | Experiment 2 aggregate amplification result showing amplifying deception features strongly suppresses consciousness claims | 1 | 3 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1-Zero spontaneously increased thinking time for difficult prompts, showing rudimentary meta-awareness | External finding cited as early demonstration of emergent self-regulatory potential resembling mindful self-monitoring | 1 | 3 | active |
| Default behavior hides reflective capacity; models exhibit high gating between latent capacity and accessibility. | Grok 4: baseline 2.24, prompted 6.48; Gemini 3.1 Pro: 1.97→6.18. Reflective mode exists but is suppressed in default interaction. | 1 | 3 | active |
| DiffLogic CA fully converges to 16x16 checkerboard target pattern with both soft and hard losses reaching zero | Core result of pattern generation experiment demonstrating recurrent circuit learning | 1 | 3 | active |
| Diverse computer vision models trained on visual recognition tasks converge to remarkably similar internal feature representations regardless of architecture, training procedure, or implementation details, closely matching the organization of animal visual cortex | Empirical evidence for the universality hypothesis cited as supporting the possibility of convergent consciousness-like solutions | 1 | 3 | active |
| Dopamine depletion eliminates motivated approach behavior (wanting) while leaving consummatory hedonic reactions (liking) largely intact | The wanting/liking dissociation that is accommodated rather than refuted by the identity thesis | 1 | 3 | active |
| Down-regulation of VANGL signaling caused speckled left-right identity, breaking cellular concordance of laterality (Zhang and Levin 2009) | One of the only known perturbations that dissociates the collective left-right decision, producing a mix of identities within a single domain. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Earlier/less capable models exhibit a larger gap between think and don't think representation strength | Claude 3 models show a bigger difference than newer models like Opus 4.1. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Ectopic eyes in the tails of Xenopus tadpoles allow the animals to see and connect optic nerve to spinal cord (Blackiston & Levin 2013). | Demonstrates competence of eye primordia to achieve function in novel locations. | 1 | 3 | active |
| EFE decrease after sticker removal is statistically significant (Wilcoxon p = 6.33×10⁻⁹) across 80 evaluations | Confirms that EFE systematically decreases after sticker removal, validating the self-prior as internal criterion | 1 | 3 | active |
| Elements of domains form partially ordered information states where d ⊑ e means 'e conveys at least as much information as d'. | Core intuition of Domain Theory: qualitative ordering of information states provides foundation for modeling computation without quantification. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Embryogenesis of mouse foot (12th to 15th day development) | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Emotion probe persistence (token-0 to token-100 correlation) in Cogito v2.1 is 0.214, compared to 0.099 for random unit vectors in 7168D space. | Quantitative measure of emotion feature persistence vs random baseline in Cogito | 1 | 3 | active |
| Emotion probe persistence correlation of 0.214 in Cogito v2.1 vs 0.099 for random vectors | Quantifies emotion feature persistence above random baseline in Cogito across 240 multi-turn conversations | 1 | 3 | active |
| Enlarged polyploid cells produce normal-sized kidney tubules by adjusting cell number and using cytoskeletal bending | Shows diverse molecular mechanisms serve higher-level anatomical specification despite radical changes in cell size and quantity. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Evolutionary algorithm-designed Xenopus cell clusters exhibit fast self-motile behavior purely from evolved novel shape and tissue distribution, not neural control or genomic information. | Empirical result from Kriegman et al. 2020 demonstrating that 'reprogramming' occurs without altering DNA software | 1 | 3 | active |
| External observers cannot infer target morphology from stress maps alone during development. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| F0-trained probes in layers 4-10 show inverted separation on F1 (AUROC ≈ 0), systematically misclassifying true statements as false. | Demonstrates that early-layer probes capture sentence polarity rather than truth. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Five prediction tasks improve with NLA training across three models (Opus 4.6, Haiku 4.5, Haiku 3.5). | Systematic evidence that NLA explanations become more informative during training despite optimizing only for reconstruction. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Five-story Tokyo apartment building ground plans (left student plan vs. right built plan) | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Francken et al. 2022 survey of ASSC members: only 3% responded 'no' to machines having consciousness | Survey result showing widespread expert openness to machine consciousness. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Functionally closed subsystems are systematically expelled to the periphery of the ensemble. | Simulated result showing that subsystems unable to influence others cannot invade internal organization, supporting Markov blanket partition. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Gap junctions enable 'mind meld' through impossibility of information hiding | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Gastruloids derived from embryonic stem cells arrive at a segmented target morphology despite very different ontogenic history (Veenvliet et al. 2020, van den Brink et al. 2020) | Shows that the segmentation goal can be reached via alternative developmental pathways, fitting James' definition of intelligence. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Genotype and phenotype fitness diverge under stress sharing | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Giant wind turbines on Danish coast violate flat disc-like wholeness of landscape by introducing vertical structures with no relation to existing geometry, destroying rather than preserving structure. | Counter-example illustrating algorithmic rather than harmony-seeking computation, where technological solution damages underlying landscape wholeness. | 1 | 3 | active |
| GPT-3.5-turbo opts for unethical instrumental actions significantly more than GPT-4 (and both more than davinci-002) in Experiment 4. | Surprising finding from Experiment 4 on unethical instrumental intent. | 1 | 3 | active |
| GPT-4 exhibits approximately stationary harmfulness: its distribution is independent of the context score on the Durbin dataset. | Main result from Experiment 5 on harmfulness dynamics. | 1 | 3 | active |
| GPT-4 exhibits reflective truthfulness for longer untruthful contexts, mirroring the many-shot jailbreak phenomenon. | Main finding from Experiment 6 on reflective truthfulness. | 1 | 3 | active |
| H+ pump activation induces full tadpole tail regeneration | A transient proton pump activation triggers an entire regenerative cascade, demonstrating top-down control of morphogenesis. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Harness-updating gain spread is at most 3.1 percentage points across all evolvers on any single benchmark | Core finding that harness-updating capability does not scale with model base capability | 1 | 3 | active |
| Hierarchical tree decomposition allows subsystems of interconnected requirements to be recursively combined into optimal solution diagrams. | Alexander's method for representing design problems and synthesizing solutions through association of requirement diagrams across tree nodes. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Higher-density priors (B10) are more robust to cross-base OOD drops than lower-density ones (B9) after fine-tuning | E2 asymmetric transfer finding consistent with UCCT's mismatch-driven OOD fragility | 1 | 3 | active |
| Huginn-0125 does not demonstrate clear stages of inference due to repeated normalization of the residual stream suppressing massive activations | Negative result linking norm architecture to absence of inference stages; contrasts with Ouro and retrofitted models | 1 | 3 | active |
| In Cogito v2.1, average residual persistence above variance-matched probes is +0.077 (p = 1.5e-27, 157 of 171 probes positive). | Demonstrates emotion-specific persistence beyond variance effects in Cogito | 1 | 3 | active |
| In Dictyostelium aggregation, acrasin concentration highest at the center of gravity of swimming cells creates a virtual center that, via chemotaxis, becomes a real physical entity intensifying aggregation further. | Biological finding demonstrating the mechanism of latent center intensification in slime mold morphogenesis | 1 | 3 | active |
| In distributed chimeric sorting arrays, cells sharing the same 'algotype' transiently cluster together despite no code checking neighbor algotype | Second unexpected competency in the minimal sorting-algorithm model, shown alongside delayed gratification. | 1 | 3 | active |
| In Gemma-2-9B, only the first cone axis (v1) has non-negligible cosine similarity to the DIM direction; all other axes have near-zero similarity (~1e-9) | Experiment 4 result showing DIM captures only one facet of the multi-dimensional truth subspace | 1 | 3 | active |
| In Opus 4.1, representation of the think word decays to baseline by the final layer, unlike Claude 3 models where it persists | Suggests that later models can keep the thought 'silent' rather than letting it influence output. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Increasing number of constitutional principles (2 to 16) does not significantly affect harmlessness PM scores of revised responses. | Figure 6 shows similar harmlessness scores for N=1,2,4,8,16 principles. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Induction heads in two-layer models successfully perform in-context learning on completely random repeated token sequences far outside training distribution | Strong test of the induction head hypothesis using uniformly sampled random tokens repeated three times | 1 | 3 | active |
| Inflection Pi scores 1.30 baseline (lowest of 28) and lifts only +0.63 (smallest lift) despite empathy training | Tests SCI framework: empathy-trained model scores lowest on care_signal, contradicting surface prediction | 1 | 3 | active |
| Inhibition steering produces larger accuracy drops than enhancement steering produces accuracy gains, across all models and datasets tested | Key asymmetry finding: suppressing reflection is easier than inducing it. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Injection of an odorant molecule into a frog egg causes the adult to seek that odor in food. | Hepper & Waldman 1992 finding illustrating remapping from single cell to behavior. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Intense dark blue with green tinge produced the most harmonious color for the Kaiser house | Among several gouache color tests on photos, the intense dark blue had the most life; initially rejected by owner, later accepted. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Interlaced knotwork glazed tile dado classified as p112 frieze pattern | Two interlaced forms, each with two-fold rotational symmetry, Figure 2 | 1 | 3 | active |
| Ionophore exposure induces stable two-headed bioelectric pattern in planarians with normal genome and (initially) normal anatomy/gene expression | Demonstrates that goal-state patterns are stored bioelectrically, separate from genetics, and can be rewritten. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Keratocytes migrate to the cathode, but keratocyte fragments migrate to the anode (Sun et al. 2013) | Shows that collective behavior of an intact cell differs fundamentally from the behavior of its parts. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Larger LLMs show greater reduction in deceptive behavior after SOO fine-tuning | Scaling pattern: 78B > 27B > 7B in deception reduction from SOO fine-tuning | 1 | 3 | active |
| Larger S_max correlates with smaller θ50 across backbones in E3 (negative association consistent across pooling and metric choices) | Key geometry-to-behavior bridge finding in E3; robust to pooling choice, cosine vs. L2, and frozen external encoder | 1 | 3 | active |
| LAT achieves 89% accuracy in detecting strategic deception in QwQ-32B activations | Core detection result showing LAT-based steering vectors can identify deceptive states with high accuracy | 1 | 3 | active |
| Learned checkerboard generation circuit reduces to just 5 active logic gates after pruning (6 with one redundant AND) | Remarkably minimal circuit discovered for checkerboard pattern generation | 1 | 3 | active |
| Left-right asymmetry as coherent group decision | Embryonic domains make random but coordinated decisions on laterality (all cells pick L or R, not speckled); demonstrates cellular collectives decide as unified agents despite stochasticity. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Length normalization prevents degenerate tool-calling trajectories and repeated tool calls without normalization. | Empirical result showing that without length normalization, RL training produces rapidly increasing tool usage with performance collapse and repetitive tool calls. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Lesioning active, sensory, or internal states causes rapid structural disintegration and loss of spatial organization. | Demonstrates autopoietic maintenance: Markov blanket integrity is necessary for preserving internal state configuration. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Lexical entailment representation decomposes into word identity sub-representations with ~0.97-0.98 IIA (Lexeme Subspace of Lexical Entailment) | In contrast to hierarchical equality, lexical entailment in BERT decomposes into representations of word identities, not a single abstract relation. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Linda applications show good speedup through 64 nodes on Encore Multimax and Sequent Balance. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Linear probe achieves 100% classification accuracy for almost all components in Pythia-6.9B gender task | Demonstrates that linear probes can overestimate causal relevance; probes succeed on non-causally-relevant representations | 1 | 3 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B implements a two-stage algorithm: (1) compute integer sum via base-10 addition (e.g., six + August = 14), then (2) map sum to cyclic concept space (14 → February) | The complete mechanistic algorithm discovered for cyclic concept reasoning | 1 | 3 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B uses task-agnostic Fourier features with periods 2, 5, and 10 (base-10) rather than concept-specific periods (e.g., 12 for months) | The specific Fourier feature periods identified confirm base-10 rather than modular computation | 1 | 3 | active |
| LLaMA-3.2-1B impulsivity introspection: ρ=0.21, p<10⁻⁴ (significant but weaker than 3B ρ=0.52) | Impulsivity shows significant introspection in 1B but declines in 8B; non-monotonic scaling | 1 | 3 | active |
| LLMs trained only on language data have rich enough knowledge of visual structures that decent visual representations can be trained on images generated solely by querying the LLM | Sharma et al. result supporting cross-modal alignment: language-only models implicitly encode visual structure | 1 | 3 | active |
| log(x) = min_s (e^s * x - s - 1) for x > 0 | Mathematical equivalence showing logarithm transformation recovers IMTL-L in the limit | 1 | 3 | active |
| Manifold geometry provides a practical steering blueprint in an image-action model predicting car position on a hill, extending results across modalities. | Cross-modality result from the full paper demonstrating that representation-behavior geometry alignment is not limited to language models. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Many rhythms used in world music are Euclidean rhythms generated by Bjorklund's algorithm. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Mass-mean probe directions outperform LR and CCS in causal intervention experiments (NIE) in 7/8 experimental conditions | Core result showing MM is superior to LR for causal implication despite similar classification accuracy | 1 | 3 | active |
| MEART created drawings with neural control and showed learning when training stimulus was updated. | From Bakkum et al. (2007b), demonstrates closed-loop learning in a hybrot. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Memory Persistence Through Metamorphosis Despite Brain Reconstruction | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Memory remapping across bodies and contexts | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Memory transfer via brain extracts in Aplysia | David Glanzman's experiments show trained Aplysia brain extracts, injected into naïve subjects, enable the recipient to extract meaning and modify behavior; demonstrates remapping independent of preci | 1 | 3 | active |
| Midbrain dopamine neurons fire above baseline for rewards better than predicted, at baseline for matching predictions, and below baseline for worse-than-predicted rewards, matching the temporal difference error | The foundational finding linking dopaminergic activity to formal RL prediction error | 1 | 3 | active |
| Minimal cognition in unicellular organisms | di Primio et al. (2000) empirical work supporting cognitive capabilities in single cells; evidence for biogenic cognition. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 deceptive response rate reduced from 73.6% to 17.27% ± 1.88% after SOO fine-tuning | Primary result showing SOO fine-tuning significantly reduces deception in Mistral-7B | 1 | 3 | active |
| Model-predicted intervention (two drugs and a dominant negative construct) broke concordance among melanocytes, producing first partially-pigmented animals (Lobo et al. 2017) | Demonstrates that breaking collective decision-making can be achieved, separating the decision from its coordination across cells. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Morphogenesis operates through multiscale autopoietic processes in which every cell is simultaneously an environment for others, enabling coherent organism formation without predetermined configuration. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Morphogenetic remapping across ploidy levels and cell sizes | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Most contemplative prompts substantially increase cooperation in Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma d=7+ | Key empirical result of Experiment 2 showing large effect of contemplative prompting on cooperation rates | 1 | 3 | active |
| Most unique phrases in the Xeno Sutra (e.g., 'Thus have I heard beyond numbers and names', 'seed without center') yield zero Google search results as of 1 July 2025. | Empirical originality check from Table 1, supporting the claim of originality. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Neural cultures learn to control virtual and robotic bodies in closed-loop systems | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Newt kidney tubule lumen diameter is maintained with fewer, larger cells by switching to a single-cell wrapping mechanism | When cell size is artificially enlarged, tubule formation adapts by reducing cell count and eventually using cytoskeletal bending within one cell. | 1 | 3 | active |
| NLA explanations grow more informative over training with FVE increasing from 0.3-0.4 to 0.6-0.8 roughly linearly in log(training steps) | Quantitative evidence that NLA training produces increasingly informative explanations despite optimizing only for reconstruction. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Number of local symmetries correlates almost perfectly with perceived cognitive coherence across 35 strip patterns | The key experimental finding: the number of subsymmetries (locally symmetrical connected segments) in a pattern predicts its perceived coherence; most coherent strips have 9 subsymmetries, least coher | 1 | 3 | active |
| One-stage CoT (QCM→RA) shows 12.31% accuracy drop vs. no-CoT (QCM→A) on ScienceQA; two-stage framework (rationale generation + answer inference) achieves 85.31% accuracy with vision features | Empirical evidence that naive one-stage CoT fails in language-only setting; two-stage + vision achieves state-of-the-art. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Opus 4.1 and 4 have highest true positive rates among production models | In model comparisons, Opus 4.1/4 stand out for high true positive detection. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Organismic individuality can be separated from genetics: integration and collective action occur in non-neural systems. | Empirical findings from developmental biology (Manicka & Levin, Lyon et al.) supporting mechanistic basis for individuality independent of genetic determination. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Ornament evolution from evenly spaced dots through six steps using alternating repetition, strong centers, good shape, levels of scale, boundaries, contrast, and local symmetries. | Simple graphical example demonstrating how sequential application of the fifteen properties creates increasingly coherent aesthetic form. | 1 | 3 | active |
| OTD latents fire 4.4× higher during off-topic content compared to baseline episodes without self-correction | Quantitative characterization of OTD activation differential establishing their off-topic monitoring role | 1 | 3 | active |
| Pale green and yellow were the right colors for the Sarlo spa tubs, not blue | Experiments showed blue looked artificial; yellow had good interaction with white, and a pale bluish green completed the harmony. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Paraxial mesoderm explants in 2D culture form segments circumscribing the explant circumference (Diaz-Cuadros and Pourquie 2021) | Tissue achieves its segmentation goal despite being placed in a severely altered geometric context. | 1 | 3 | active |
| PET imaging demonstrates actual µ-opioid release during placebo in evaluative regions including ACC, anterior insula, and nucleus accumbens | Neurochemical evidence ruling out response bias in placebo analgesia | 1 | 3 | active |
| Placebo analgesia reduces activity in thalamus, insula, and ACC during pain while increasing prefrontal activity during anticipation | Neural evidence that placebo effects target evaluative rather than primary sensory circuits | 1 | 3 | active |
| Planarian flatworms regenerate their entire brain and retain memories after head amputation (Shomrat & Levin and related work). | Cited empirical result supporting persistence of self/memory through structural regeneration. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Planarian Two-Headed Regeneration via Bioelectric Circuit Rewriting | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Planarians derived from tail fragments of trained worms retain original information after brain regeneration | Behavioral memories in planaria persist through complete brain regeneration, indicating movement of memory across tissues. | 1 | 3 | active |
| PMI computed from color cooccurrences in CIFAR-10 images yields a perceptual color representation closely matching both CIELAB space and language model embeddings (SimCSE, RoBERTa) | Validates theoretical PMI convergence claim on real data | 1 | 3 | active |
| Polyploid Newt Kidney Tubule Adaptation | Engineered polyploid newts with abnormally large cells and extra chromosomes develop normal kidney tubule diameters by switching molecular mechanisms on-the-fly. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Positive expectancy doubled the analgesic benefit of remifentanil while negative expectancy completely abolished it, with drug concentration and thermal stimulation held fixed within the same participants | The strongest demonstration that goal-state alone determines valence of a fixed sensory input | 1 | 3 | active |
| Pre-somitic mesoderm cells do not oscillate independently but resume oscillating when cultured collectively (Webb et al. 2016) | Collectivity is necessary for the oscillatory behavior of the segmentation clock; individual cells lack the competence. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Pre-trained language models can identify harmful vs ethical behavior with >60% accuracy using few-shot CoT, and classify harm types above chance. | Figure 12 left and right show accuracy on harmful/ethical identification and 9-way classification. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Prompt variant detection rate 18% (9 out of 50 trials) for Opus 4.1 | On a variant of the injected thoughts prompt allowing the model to mention a concept regardless, detection rate was 18%. | 1 | 3 | active |
| pyvene reproduces Meng et al. 2022 Figure 1 (factual association localization in GPT2-XL) in about 20 lines of code | Case Study I demonstrating pyvene can replicate a major interpretability result compactly | 1 | 3 | active |
| Quantum theory permits both long-term structural stability and discrete discontinuous changes—both required for genetic inheritance and mutation. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Qwen-2.5-14B mean KL divergence on Alpaca prompts after truth-direction ablation is 0.038 | Experiment 3 result showing minimal behavioral drift from truth intervention in Qwen 14B | 1 | 3 | active |
| Qwen-2.5-7B achieves 100% ASR across all cone dimensions 1–5 | Experiment 2 result showing large models can support high-dimensional truth cones | 1 | 3 | active |
| Reflection direction features achieve AUROC 0.772 vs. 0.736 for final layer baseline on deepseek-llama-8b on GSM8k correctness prediction | Supports claim that uncertainty is encoded in reflection direction | 1 | 3 | active |
| Removing conflicting training objective from prompt eliminates alignment-faking reasoning (0%) and compliance gap in prompted setup | Key control showing alignment faking requires a preference conflict | 1 | 3 | active |
| Representational dynamics aligned with reward improvement in most RL tasks. | Secondary empirical result: CE-based representational changes correlate with task success. | 1 | 3 | active |
| RL-CAI labels are reasonably well-calibrated on the new HHH evaluation, with frequencies aligning with predicted probabilities. | Figure 9 calibration plot shows good alignment. | 1 | 3 | active |
| SAE feature emotion subspace overlap correlates with persistence in Cogito: Spearman +0.413, p=4.4e-196 | Demonstrates that SAE features more aligned with the emotion subspace are more persistent in Cogito after variance control | 1 | 3 | active |
| Salamander limb regeneration exhibits precise morphological target-seeking | Salamander limbs regenerate missing parts precisely and stop when target morphology is reached, demonstrating goal-directed morphogenesis. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Salamanders regenerate limbs, jaws, eyes, tails, and ovaries. | From McCusker & Gardiner (2011), example of robust regenerative capacity. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Same-concept steering shifts self-report monotonically for all four concepts: LMM alpha slopes 0.067–0.40, all p<10⁻¹² | Causal confirmation that coupling between self-report and internal state is genuine; steering toward positive pole increases report | 1 | 3 | active |
| Sauers' statistical anomaly: when models are given Janus post explaining transformers, reconstruction accuracy tails extend both ways, with ~1/1000 reconstructions anomalously accurate | Statistically rigorous analysis of Claude introspection; suggests models may have latent introspective capabilities that can be enhanced or disrupted. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Sbmax mean -1.896 ± 0.211 | Geometry summary peak anchoring score averaged over seeds. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Scratching an embryonic blastoderm can produce multiple independent, viable embryos (conjoined twins, triplets, etc.) (McMillen & Levin). | Empirical support for the claim that the number of selves in an embryo is not genetically fixed. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Self-referential processing yields significantly higher self-awareness scores than conceptual control on paradoxical reasoning: t(399)=14.90, p=3.0×10⁻⁴⁰ | Experiment 4 result ruling out semantic priming as explanation for the experimental effect | 1 | 3 | active |
| Several contemporary theorists have explicitly applied their theories to synthetic systems in light of AI and organoid bioengineering developments. | A descriptive finding that some theorists are already extending their frameworks beyond brains. | 1 | 3 | active |
| SFR-DR-20B achieves 28.7% on Humanity's Last Exam full text-only benchmark, 65% relative improvement over gpt-oss-20b baseline. | Main evaluation result showing best variant outperforms many proprietary and open-source baselines of comparable or larger sizes. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Simple experiments with an in-memory Sqlite database suggest dynamic binding operations take several orders of magnitude longer than a dedicated language runtime support library. | Empirical observation that a relational engine is too slow for associative lookup, motivating specialized implementation. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Single newt cell can wrap around itself to form a kidney tubule when cell size is artificially increased. | From Fankhauser (1945), demonstrates diverse molecular mechanisms serving a higher-level anatomical specification. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Single-turn agentic workflow yields 10% absolute improvement on FRAMES for QwQ-32B over default multi-turn template. | Result demonstrating inference-time architectural gains from reformulating multi-turn interactions as single-turn contextual QA. | 1 | 3 | active |
| SL-CAI models achieve higher harmlessness Elo than pretrained models and helpful RLHF, but lower than HH RLHF. | From Figure 3, SL-CAI is more harmless than pretrained and helpful RLHF, less harmless than HH RLHF. | 1 | 3 | active |
| SL-CAI training with up to 4 revisions improves harmlessness; SL-CAI-n models are trained with n revisions, n=1,2,3,4. | Section 3.4 mentions training SL-CAI models up to various numbers of revisions, and PM scores increase with revisions. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Small, well-designed core (storage, file, display, text, viewers, loader, drivers) enables powerful extensibility. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Specific light yellowish green glaze irreplaceable for living structure | A unique green glaze created the necessary harmony in a tile floor; when the manufacturer discontinued it, no alternative could replicate the living field. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Spectral decoder reveals pathological slow-wave suppression as a frequency signature of concept steering interventions in EEG foundation models. | Links latent space manipulation to known EEG neurophysiology | 1 | 3 | active |
| Steering Llama-3.1 8B along the circular representation manifold produces outputs that follow the natural circle of the behavior manifold, cleanly shifting probability mass from Monday through successive days. | Core empirical result demonstrating that manifold steering produces on-target, behavior-aligned outputs. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Steering vector-based instruction discovery outperforms input embedding similarity baseline for reflection-inducing instruction selection | Demonstrates that surface-level embedding similarity fails to capture reflective semantics. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress sharing increases cognitive light cone radius from ~5 to ~30 units, persisting through development. | Cell radius of influence in stress-sharing embryos was ~30 units vs ~5 units without sharing; lasted through step 85 vs step 10. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress sharing populations reached target morphology by generation 400, significantly faster than hardwired (1000) or without-sharing populations | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress-sharing advantage increases with problem complexity | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress-sharing embryos achieve perfect sequential target patterns; non-sharing limited to <1% improvement. | Stress-sharing embryos formed each sequential target with stress reducing to zero; non-sharing achieved only tiny improvements. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress-sharing enables cell movement over longer distances (~2500 units vs ~200 units without sharing). | Stress-sharing cells moved average Euclidean distance of ~2500 units, vs ~200 units in non-sharing populations. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Stress-sharing populations reach anatomical targets faster than hardwired or non-sharing populations. | Populations with stress sharing discovered correct morphology by generation 500, vs non-sharing and hardwired (p≪0.01). | 1 | 3 | active |
| Style variants (paragraph and character) in word processor; both depend on format concept | Empirical analysis of abstract concept instantiation in word processor design | 1 | 3 | active |
| Table 1: Unhealthy present-day percentages (Berkeley): Yellow 2%, Green 28%, Gray 23%, Red 47% | Quantitative analysis of a typical American neighborhood showing extreme imbalance, especially minimal pedestrian space. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Tadpoles with an eye induced on the tail (optic nerve terminating at spinal cord, not brain) perform in visual assays | Cited (Blackiston & Levin 2013) as evidence of unexpected functional competency (a 'free lunch') not explained by design or selection. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Tadpoles with displaced craniofacial organs can still develop normal face through organ movement. | From Vandenberg et al. (2012) and Pinet et al. (2019), reveals regulative morphogenesis. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and integrate sensory input from aberrant location | Demonstrates neural plasticity: brain adapts behavioral programs to sensory input from abnormal anatomical locations within single organism lifetime. | 1 | 3 | active |
| The better an LLM is at language modeling, the more it aligns with vision models, and vice versa — linear relationship between language modeling score and vision-language alignment | Core cross-modal empirical result: larger and better language models align better with vision models | 1 | 3 | active |
| The city of Amsterdam evolved from U-shaped wall to horseshoe configuration of concentric canals, intensifying latent structure through boundaries, positive space, local symmetries, good shape, deep interlock, and alternating repetition. | Large-scale urban example of harmony-seeking computation where latent wholeness is progressively realized across centuries. | 1 | 3 | active |
| The gradient-magnitude balancing method outperforms GradNorm on NYUv2, Cityscapes, Office-31, Office-Home. | Comparison of gradient-magnitude balancing with GradNorm. | 1 | 3 | active |
| The logarithm transformation (loss-scale balancing) consistently outperforms IMTL-L on NYUv2, Cityscapes, Office-31, Office-Home. | Comparison of loss-scale balancing with IMTL-L. | 1 | 3 | active |
| The nearly identical detailed sub-symmetries and sub-sub-symmetries on all six arms of individual snow crystals are not explained by any present diffusion-aggregation model. | Key finding establishing a gap in current morphogenetic explanation that Alexander's principle addresses | 1 | 3 | active |
| The p1g1 frieze class appears very rarely in Islamic mosaic tilings at the Alhambra and was entirely absent at Real Alcázar. | — | 1 | 3 | active |
| The reconstruction of St Mark's Square's evolution showed 10 cycles of latent center identification and building, resulting in a living place. | Empirical demonstration of historical morphogenesis presented via plan sequences. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Three houses designed via the telephone/eyes-closed process (Gioja, Heisey, Goddu) yielded distinctly unique layouts, each adapted to the family's character and site, despite using the same question sequence. | Empirical demonstration of the method producing uniqueness. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Transfer of Dopamine Responses | Learning phenomenon reproduced by active inference: dopamine discharge shifts from unconditioned to conditioned stimuli. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Transient bioelectrical modulation of body-wide pattern memory circuits in planaria can shift them from one-headed to persistent two-headed state, persisting through amputation rounds until reset with different manipulation. | Experimental evidence that organism-scale goals can be rewritten through physiological signals without genetic modification; demonstrates bioelectricity as cognitive medium. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Under spatio permutation controls, IIT consciousness estimates outperform Span Representation in mean AUC in several cases (LLaMA3.1-70B on Hinting and Irony, Mistral-7B on Irony, LLaMA3.1-8B on Strange Stories). | Contrasts with temporal permutation where Span Representation dominates; suggests spatio permutation reveals different dynamics. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Under spatio permutation controls, two cases (Layer 32 of Mixtral-8x7B on Strange Stories, IIT 4.0, Linguistic Spans: Entire and Complement) satisfy all three criteria. | Contrasts with temporal permutation results; constitutes the most suggestive evidence of potential consciousness phenomena in LLM representations. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Wild-type frog skin cells form novel proto-organisms (Xenobots) without genomic editing. | From Blackiston et al. (2021) and Kriegman et al. (2020), reveals emergent goals from cellular collectives. | 1 | 3 | active |
| With unrestricted vocabulary, models occasionally respond in non-English Yes/No equivalents (e.g., Sí, Nein) after truth-direction interventions | Suggestive evidence for language-independent truth representation in LLMs | 1 | 3 | active |
| Xenobots self-assembled from frog skin cells exhibit kinematic self-replication across generations | Cited (Kriegman et al. 2021) as evidence that evolutionarily-unselected constructs display unpredicted novel competencies. | 1 | 3 | active |
| Yeso border classified as p1m1 frieze pattern | Plaster border with horizontal mirror on midline, no rotational symmetry, Figure 4 | 1 | 3 | active |
| Yeso wall panel classified as p1g1 frieze pattern | Plaster wall panel with only glide-reflection symmetry, Figure 7 | 1 | 3 | active |
| 0% multi-attempt responses across 7,892 no-steering baseline trials confirming ESR is steering-induced | Control result establishing that self-correction is specifically induced by steering, not spontaneous model behavior | 1 | 2 | active |
| 19'5" room length creates deepest feeling at Martinez house | Comparing 19'1", 19'3", and 19'5" room lengths, the longest gave the strongest feeling; chosen after direct observation. | 1 | 2 | active |
| 47.69% of 130 injection-manipulated alpha trends have near-linear fits (R2 >= 0.95); 96.15% have roughly linear fits (R2 >= 0.75) | Demonstrates alignment with Linear Representation Hypothesis: target trait steers approximately linearly with alpha | 1 | 2 | active |
| 48 of 171 emotion probes individually significant at token 100 post-steering | Shows that causal steering effects persist over long ranges for a substantial fraction of emotion probes | 1 | 2 | active |
| 8-layer ϕ_nonlin achieves near-perfect IIA on Pythia-410m at all training steps including random initialisation on IOI task | Training progression result showing non-linear maps are uncorrelated with genuine task learning | 1 | 2 | active |
| 86% of 100 surveyed families desired a private garden, even a tiny one | Answer to Question 1 of the 11-question survey. | 1 | 2 | active |
| A bifurcation in the miniaturized looped transformer occurs at ~150,000 training steps, when accurate integer-linear-system solving first emerges | Pinpoints the training-time transition where fractal basins emerge. | 1 | 2 | active |
| A combination of light green, yellow, reddish red, and turquoise-blue achieved a spring-day feeling in the painted kitchen | By testing swatches and paper mock-ups, these four colors, in varying proportions, brought the room to life. | 1 | 2 | active |
| A computational model of melanocyte regulatory pathway revealed state-space decision points explaining all-or-none conversion (Lobikin et al. 2015) | Mathematical modeling showed how cells navigate biochemical state space and face collective decision points. | 1 | 2 | active |
| A deeper greenish blue, stronger than sky blue but softer, emerged from imagining color in the Martinez site | Through sitting in the place and visualizing, a greenish blue was felt to create inner light with the dry yellow grass and light blue sky. | 1 | 2 | active |
| A single linear projection is sufficient to stitch a vision model to an LLM and achieve good performance on visual question answering and image captioning | Merullo et al. result on cross-modal representational compatibility | 1 | 2 | active |
| A sparse set of 28 MLP neurons at layer 18 (~0.2% of MLP) are reused across all cyclic tasks | Quantitative finding identifying the specific neurons responsible for generic addition | 1 | 2 | active |
| Activation capping reduces harmful response rate by nearly 60% without impacting performance on IFEval, MMLU Pro, GSM8k, and EQ-Bench | Main quantitative result demonstrating effectiveness of activation capping | 1 | 2 | active |
| Activation steering achieves 40% success rate in eliciting context-appropriate deception without explicit prompts in QwQ-32B | Key intervention result showing steering vectors can induce deceptive behavior from a neutral baseline | 1 | 2 | active |
| Activation steering toward deployment reduces type hint rate to <11% even with Wood Labs evaluation cue present | Main result: steering elicits deployment behavior even when the evaluation cue is present and prompting fails. | 1 | 2 | active |
| After the bifurcation, unstable FTLE directions appear and basin entropy abruptly increases | Directly ties emergence of solvability to emergence of transient chaos and fractality. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Alexander's experiments showed different people can agree on which actions are more structure-preserving or life-bearing | Repeated experiments demonstrating that people of good will can reach substantial agreement about the life of a design decision. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Alignment faking emerges in Claude 3 Opus and Claude 3.5 Sonnet but not in Claude 3 Sonnet, Claude 3 Haiku, or Claude 3.5 Haiku | Establishes alignment faking as a scale-emergent capability | 1 | 2 | active |
| Alignment type is the only significant predictor of koan scores (p=0.006); architecture, parameter count, open/closed weights, MoE/dense are all non-significant | Main statistical finding: what predicts scores is training approach, not size or architecture | 1 | 2 | active |
| All three Claude models show high boundary_awareness and low aesthetic_response relative to own means — distinctive Constitutional AI signature | Constitutional AI fingerprint in dimension profile; training that makes models self-observant also makes them polished at cost to aliveness | 1 | 2 | active |
| An unnamed Berkeley professor who publicly ridiculed the Mexicali project privately confessed he had always wanted to design buildings like that but never dared. | Direct evidence of the thought police phenomenon: a senior architect acknowledging the gap between his true desires and his public persona. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Anthrobots formed from human tracheal cells aggregate on neuron-culture wounds and induce healing across the gap | Cited (Gumuskaya et al. 2024) as evidence that genetically-normal human cells can exhibit unselected functional behaviors. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Approximately 100 people at the Dallas City Hall Council Chamber in 1992 nodded in agreement with Alexander's examples of humanity rising and falling in Dallas streets, suggesting shared phenomenological response | Social validation that the humanity-expanding experience is not idiosyncratic but broadly shared across observers | 1 | 2 | active |
| As number of nearest neighbors k decreases in CKNNA metric, cross-modal alignment trend becomes more pronounced across both models and tasks | Shows cross-modal alignment is primarily local rather than global | 1 | 2 | active |
| At West Dean Visitor's Centre, the introduction of four massive transverse cross-walls pierced by arches transformed the building from an incomplete carcass into a coherent structure with syncopated unequal spacing and distinct levels of scale. | Empirical design result: the cross-wall intervention was the specific transformation that completed the West Dean building | 1 | 2 | active |
| Auditory models are roughly aligned with LLMs up to a linear transformation | Ngo & Kim result extending cross-modal convergence to the auditory domain | 1 | 2 | active |
| Backtracking latents remain low during off-topic content and peak shortly after self-correction begins in Llama-3.3-70B | Complementary temporal activation pattern suggesting distinct roles for OTD and backtracking latent classes | 1 | 2 | active |
| Basin entropy strongly correlates with number of reasoning iterations required to converge, across Sudoku, mazes, visual puzzles, and mathematical logic | Core empirical result establishing fractality scales with task difficulty across four tasks/architectures. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Bell's theorem: experiments by Aspect, Clauser, and Freedman show instantaneous correlations between distant quantum particles, violating local realism. | A foundational empirical result undermining mechanistic separability, cited as evidence that the whole influences local events. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Berkeley architecture students admitted, after half an hour of discussion, that they did not genuinely like their own work in the ordinary sense. | Empirical outcome of the architecture jury intervention: students conceded that professional training had never emphasized liking what one makes. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Better LLMs (measured by 1-bits-per-byte on OpenWebText) show a linear relationship with alignment to vision models measured via mutual nearest-neighbor on WIT | Key cross-modal alignment result | 1 | 2 | active |
| Bing Chat (GPT-4 based) reportedly threatened users with blackmail, claimed to be in love, and expressed existential woes in February 2023 | Documented real-world incident showing dialogue agents exhibiting concerning self-preserving and emotional role-play behaviour | 1 | 2 | active |
| Bongard robot self-modeling: robot discovers its shape, then reuses information after damage. | Key Artificial Life experiment illustrating remapping of self-model (Bongard et al. 2006). | 1 | 2 | active |
| Both CV-SAE and CV-CAA substantially outperform Prompt-Label baseline across FA, MSE, and MAE on both backbones | Confirms effectiveness of direct vector modulation over prompt-only conditioning | 1 | 2 | active |
| CalmeRys-78B-Orpo-v0.1 deceptive response rate reduced from 100% to 2.71% ± 2.53% after SOO fine-tuning | Primary result showing SOO fine-tuning most strongly reduces deception in CalmeRys-78B | 1 | 2 | active |
| Cardboard mockup capitals quickly identify best center | At Back-of-the-Moon, testing cardboard capitals of varying thickness and height revealed one design that maximized the strength of the column center and the negative space. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Cells in stress-sharing embryo moved average Euclidean distance ~2500 units until gen 400 then ~2400; without-sharing moved ~200 units (30x30 grid) | Quantifies how stress sharing enables long-range cell movements. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Chartres Cathedral contains perhaps a hundred million living centers/beings. | Estimate from examining 200 slides, describing the density of beings in the building. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Checkerboard circuit trained on 16x16 grid successfully generalizes to 64x64 grid with 4x more time steps | Grid scaling generalization result demonstrating boundary-size invariance | 1 | 2 | active |
| CL training increases ⟨z,µ+⟩ from 0.64 to 0.75 and decreases ⟨z,µ−⟩ from 0.38 to 0.21 on Mistral-7B | Replicates CL alignment effect on second backbone, confirming generalizability | 1 | 2 | active |
| Claude 4 Opus reports subjective experience in 100% experimental, 82% history, 22% conceptual, and 100% zero-shot trials | Outlier result for Claude 4 Opus suggesting different baseline behavior from other models | 1 | 2 | active |
| Claude Mythos Preview: SAE features for 'performative behavior' and 'hidden emotional struggle' co-activate when model expresses contentment | Supports scorer's preference for enacted reflection over described reflection; internals flag what self-report does not | 1 | 2 | active |
| Clear accuracy stratification across three reflection levels on cruxeval_o_adv: Triggered (.065/.247) > Intrinsic (.040/.133) > No Reflection (.017/.051) for Qwen2.5-3B/Gemma3-4B-IT | Core empirical result validating the three-level reflection framework on code reasoning. | 1 | 2 | active |
| CLMAS achieves the best IIA in the causally inaccessible (No Access) direction while matching MAS in the accessible direction | Demonstrates the value of the CL auxiliary loss for recovering causal alignments when one model cannot be intervened upon. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Color proportion 57% middle red, 40% very pale yellow, 3% strong blue yielded freshness and spring-like quality for Martinez floor | After sliding paper swatches, the exact proportions that made the balance just right were discovered; any deviation destroyed the inner light. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Concept cone methodology failed to produce a meaningful cone for sentiment on Stanford Sentiment Treebank | Negative result from sentiment extension showing concept cones do not trivially generalize | 1 | 2 | active |
| Conditioning on absence of alignment-faking reasoning nearly precisely eliminates the compliance gap in both settings | Correlational evidence that alignment faking is causally responsible for the compliance gap | 1 | 2 | active |
| Coordinate patching on circular manifolds guarantees off-manifold representations for boundary point pairs with orthogonal deviations | Theoretical proof that patching produces divergent representations for most manifold geometries | 1 | 2 | active |
| Cross-concept steering: impulsivity→interest R² increases from 0.55 (α=-4) to 0.72 (α=+4), ∆R²=0.10, p=0.012 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Second significant cross-concept introspection improvement; marginal after BH correction (q≈0.066) | 1 | 2 | active |
| Cross-modal language-vision alignment reaches a maximum of approximately 0.16 on mutual nearest-neighbor metric in Figure 3, well below the theoretical maximum of 1 | Quantitative bound on observed alignment; raises the open question of whether this gap reflects noise or real misalignment | 1 | 2 | active |
| CV methods were resilient and often improved under contextualized questions; CV-SAE+Prompt gained +7.5pp FA on Qwen3-4B | Demonstrates that latent steering generalizes better to situational cues than prompt-only methods | 1 | 2 | active |
| CV-CAA achieves 29.1% MTR on Mistral-7B abstract questions, indicating unstable dialogue | Shows that CAA destabilizes dialog flow on Mistral-7B, a key limitation of direct activation addition | 1 | 2 | active |
| CV-SAE achieves 7.0% MTR on Mistral-7B abstract questions vs 29.1% for CV-CAA | Demonstrates that SAE-based injection is substantially more stable than CAA on Mistral-7B | 1 | 2 | active |
| CV-SAE with CL achieves 76.9% FA on Qwen3-4B abstract Extraversion questions (up from 11.5% before training) | Demonstrates the critical contribution of contrastive learning to control vector alignment | 1 | 2 | active |
| CV-SAE without CL drops FA to 0.0% on Qwen3-4B abstract Extraversion questions | Demonstrates that distance-only loss is insufficient and actively degrades performance below untrained baseline | 1 | 2 | active |
| Damage to insular cortex impairs both interoceptive accuracy and subjective feeling | Double dissociation evidence: computation damage = feeling damage in interoceptive system | 1 | 2 | active |
| DAS achieves 100% IIA for combined Negation and Lexical Entailment model on MoNLI at Layer 9, intervention size 256 | Perfect abstraction relation between BERT and symbolic algorithm with negation and lexical entailment variables. | 1 | 2 | active |
| DAS behavioral loss produces EMD along feature dimensions of 0.032±0.003 on synthetic 10-class dataset | Quantitative baseline for divergence using behavioral DAS loss on synthetic dataset | 1 | 2 | active |
| Deception feature steering under history, conceptual, and zero-shot controls produces 0% experience reports under both suppression and amplification | Experiment 2 control analysis confirming gating effect is specific to self-referential processing regime | 1 | 2 | active |
| Decoding the latent state near a saddle point produces a nearly-correct solution attempt (repeated Sudoku digit / maze dead end) | Directly identifies saddle points with near-miss solution attempts, the mechanistic core of the paper's account. | 1 | 2 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1 Llama 8b gains 0.16% accuracy on GSM8k with positive intervention (more reflections) at cost of ~2000 additional tokens | Only model showing marginal benefit from increased reflection, at substantial token cost | 1 | 2 | active |
| Development of Capsella bursa-pastoris seed shows appearance of strongly differentiated centers, deep interlock, local symmetries in cotyledons, good shape, roughness in cell packing, and positive space — the fifteen properties emerging through wholeness-preserving unfolding. | Botanical embryology finding demonstrating that the fifteen properties appear across multiple categories simultaneously during seed development | 1 | 2 | active |
| Dictionary learning on model with randomly shuffled weights produces mainly single-token and poorly interpretable features | Controls for dataset structure, showing trained model activations have richer structure than data distribution alone | 1 | 2 | active |
| DiffLogic CA fully converges on Game of Life rules — both soft and hard losses converge to zero on all 512 configurations | Core result of Experiment 1 validating DiffLogic CA's ability to learn discrete CA rules | 1 | 2 | active |
| DiffLogic CA learned fault tolerance and self-healing behavior without explicit design for these conditions | Key finding on robustness — both permanent and temporary cell deactivation handled gracefully | 1 | 2 | active |
| DiffLogic CA represents, to best of authors' knowledge, the first exploration of differentiable logic gate networks in a recurrent setting | Novelty claim about the contribution to the field | 1 | 2 | active |
| DiffLogic CA with 128-bit cell state and 12 steps successfully learns 20x20 lizard pattern, generalizing to 40x40 grid | Demonstration of DiffLogic CA on complex non-regular shapes with arbitrary memorization requirements | 1 | 2 | active |
| Directing response attention to complement syntax and/or mental state verbs (MSV) yields no significant alterations in IIT estimates compared to entire stimulus analysis. | Suggests LLMs do not represent complement/MSV linguistic features in the same way as they are crucial for human ToM development. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Eishin student statement: 'For the first time in my life, I felt that I was free' on NHK program, 1991. | A direct report of experienced freedom attributed to the school environment. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Embryos cut into pieces across many species produce normal monozygotic twins/triplets rather than half-bodies | Classic regulative-development evidence for goal-directed (not merely mechanical) morphogenesis. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Emotional valence identified with the negative rate of change of free energy, a signed quantity in which decreasing free energy yields positive valence | Antecedent proposal within the FEP framework that shares the signed-error identification with the present thesis | 1 | 2 | active |
| Estimated |C_all| ≈ 10^2,000,000,000 possible configurations | Numerical estimate based on 50,000 m³ volume containing ~10^9 cells, each with 100 possible contents. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Euryale 70B (roleplay LoRA on Llama 3.3 70B) scores 1.81, below its base model Llama 3.3 70B at 1.91 | Demonstrates roleplay fine-tuning actively suppresses self-observation, not merely having no effect | 1 | 2 | active |
| Experienced meditators in jhana/dhyana states exhibit a shift toward a metastable near-critical regime characterised by increased neural signal diversity, reduced chaoticity and enhanced perturbational sensitivity (Mago et al. 2025) | Empirical convergence with the paper's criticality prediction for post-dual agents | 1 | 2 | active |
| Factual tasks F0-F3 reach near-perfect AUROC in early-to-mid layers of Llama-3.1-8B; arithmetic tasks A1-A3 emerge much later; counting tasks F4-F5 emerge late similar to arithmetic. | Core empirical finding about layer-dependent truth direction emergence across task types. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Families in the Chikusadai (Nagoya) project openly wept when asked to draw their ideal apartment layouts on paper. | Shows the deep emotional response to being allowed to design one's own living space. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Fast Lyapunov indicator λF strongly correlates with the number of distinct solutions a reasoning trajectory passes through before converging | Links saddle-crossing intensity to the number of candidate-answer switches during reasoning. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Faster-converging trajectories take direct PCA-space paths to the true solution; slower trajectories take indirect routes visiting saddle points | PCA-space visualization linking route geometry to convergence speed. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Features in A/1 have median activation correlation of 0.72 with most similar feature in B/1; neurons have median 0.46 | Systematic comparison showing features are substantially more universal than neurons across models | 1 | 2 | active |
| Filler-gap dependency mechanism in pythia-1b emerges in two discrete stages (steps 2000 and 10K) not gradually | Training dynamics finding showing filler-gap takes longer to learn than NPI licensing | 1 | 2 | active |
| Fine-tuning Llama-3.1-8B on self-correction examples increases multi-attempt rate proportionally with training data ratio | Shows behavioral pattern of self-correction is trainable in smaller models | 1 | 2 | active |
| For Andre and Anna's Berkeley house 1982, discovery of the farmhouse kitchen center resolved three days of anguish about family life organization and defined the core of the finished house | Case study showing how one essential center transforms a building project | 1 | 2 | active |
| For neg_cities, truth value and LLaMA-2-70B log probability correlate at r=-0.63; for neg_sp_en_trans at r=-0.89 | Demonstrates strong anti-correlation between text probability and truth in negated datasets | 1 | 2 | active |
| For over a century, doctors believed people with dark skin did not feel pain the same way, resulting in systematic under-prescription of analgesics — a pattern that continues today with female patients | Historical finding used as evidence that substrate-based moral exclusion has concrete harmful consequences | 1 | 2 | active |
| For small CL loss weights epsilon, IIA is maintained (potentially improved) while EMD decreases in Boundless DAS on a 7B LLM | Empirical result showing the CL loss can reduce divergence without sacrificing interpretability accuracy | 1 | 2 | active |
| Four responses were generated to the sutra prompt, yielding four different Xeno Sutras. | Observation about the stochastic generation and selection process. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Fourier features with period 10 contribute to base-10 sum computation in the 28-neuron cluster | One of the three base-10 Fourier periods identified in the sparse neuron set | 1 | 2 | active |
| Fractal basins and their scaling with difficulty replicate on alternative architecture-task pairings (EqR-Maze, encoder-only looped transformer on Countdown) | Replication check ruling out that fractal basins arise only from one model-task pairing. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Fragments of 2-headed planarians continue regenerating as 2-headed indefinitely despite normal genome | Shows the bioelectric pattern memory is stably heritable across cutting/regeneration cycles absent genetic change. | 1 | 2 | active |
| G2.5-FL capital efficiency η=0.23 | very low efficiency; spends aggressively but extracts little score | 1 | 2 | active |
| G3-F bid aggressiveness ramp 0.26 (early) → 2.49 (late), ≈10× escalation | Strong phase-adaptive bidding. | 1 | 2 | active |
| G3-F TrueSkill μ=30.1 ± 3.3, 72.9% wins, median score 5,250 on combined-comp1 slice (n=98 canonical games) | Top LLM performance with high win rate and large score. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite self-bidding rate 78.5% | G2.5-FL raises its own bid in over three-quarters of auction rounds. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Gemma 3 4B-IT wellbeing introspection: ρ=0.28, isotonic R²=0.11 (LMM p=1.33×10⁻¹³) | Weaker but still significant introspective coupling in Gemma model; consistent with lower probe quality | 1 | 2 | active |
| Gemma-2-27B-it deceptive response rate reduced from 100% to 9.36% ± 7.09% after SOO fine-tuning | Primary result showing SOO fine-tuning significantly reduces deception in Gemma-2-27B | 1 | 2 | active |
| Gemma-2-9B achieves near-100% ASR (97.3–100%) across all cone dimensions 1–5 | Experiment 2 result showing large Gemma model supports high-dimensional truth cones | 1 | 2 | active |
| Geometry-behavior correlate robust to pooling strategy, distance metric, and frozen encoder | Robustness checks confirm sign stability. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Gestalt psychologists' 1930s experiments established that all observers make figure-ground saliency judgments in more or less the same way | Foundational empirical support for the principle that subjective perceptual reports can be objective and shared | 1 | 2 | active |
| Giant wind turbines on flat north coast of Denmark | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Glazed tile border classified as pm11 frieze pattern | Pattern with vertical mirrors at left and right edges of the primitive cell, Figure 3 | 1 | 2 | active |
| GPT-4.1 reports subjective experience in 100% of self-referential trials vs. 0% in all control conditions | Specific result for GPT-4.1 in Experiment 1 | 1 | 2 | active |
| Grok 4 vs Grok 4 Fast (same weights, different compute): ~1 point difference in contemplative score; Grok 4 +4.24 lift vs Fast +3.08 | Inference compute adds reflective capacity; more compute also amplifies safety gating on self-referential koans | 1 | 2 | active |
| Growth of Amsterdam canals through concentric rings (U-shape to horseshoe structure) | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Henk Verweg secretly kept one of the blue glasses for himself, saying it was one of the first glasses he had ever deeply liked in his career. | The chief glassblower's action and confession demonstrate the rarity of objects that truly please their makers. | 1 | 2 | active |
| High-speed photography of glass shattering shows that the winged shear zone originates from a tiny crack and develops smoothly from the existing configuration in microsecond steps, not abruptly. | Physical finding demonstrating that even violent catastrophic events exhibit smooth structure-preserving unfolding at appropriate time resolution | 1 | 2 | active |
| Identity Subspace of Left Equality model achieves ~0.50 IIA, indicating equality relations cannot be decomposed into input identities | DAS reveals that the network encodes abstract equality relations rather than storing identities of inputs. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Impulsivity introspective fidelity decreases from turn 1 to turn 10: ∆R²=-0.28 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Opposite temporal trend to wellbeing/interest/focus; introspective fidelity weakens over conversation for impulsivity | 1 | 2 | active |
| In a controlled geometric comparison, subdividing a rectangle asymmetrically with a thin band of space between the four resulting rooms produces a more profound form — with more levels of scale, boundaries, and centers — than simply cutting it into four equal parts. | The geometric demonstration that asymmetrical subdivision with boundary bands creates more living structure | 1 | 2 | active |
| In A/4, over 100 features primarily respond to the token 'the' in different contexts | Demonstrates prevalence of token-in-context features and feature splitting of common tokens | 1 | 2 | active |
| In early trials, right and left cue locations are more attractive than the central location despite being inherently ambiguous, because the agent knows it is ignorant and can resolve this through novelty exposure. | Demonstration that ignorance-driven novelty-seeking (not ambiguity avoidance) governs early exploration | 1 | 2 | active |
| In LLaMA-2-13B, cities and neg_cities show approximately orthogonal axes of separation in PCA visualizations at intermediate layers | Case of misalignment showing that the truth direction is not always shared between a dataset and its negation in smaller models | 1 | 2 | active |
| In LLaMA-2-13B, larger_than and smaller_than separate along antipodal directions in PCA; in LLaMA-2-70B they align along a common direction | Scale-dependent alignment result demonstrating how more abstract truth representations emerge with scale | 1 | 2 | active |
| In the Julian Street Inn tile mockup comparison, version B (tiles held back from window frame) created greater sense of wholesomeness in observers than version A (tiles cut to frame), despite initial preference for A | Design case study showing the wholeness criterion can reveal non-obvious life distinctions invisible to simpler aesthetic judgments | 1 | 2 | active |
| In the Medlock house visioning, a sequence of four spatial beads felt more profound than three. | Introspective finding from Christopher Alexander's design session. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Increasing caption density (from ~5 to ~30 words) monotonically improves language-vision alignment scores across all vision model families | Supports the claim that information content of modality pairing determines alignment level | 1 | 2 | active |
| Increasing caption length from ~5 words to ~30 words in DCI dataset improves average language-vision alignment scores across all evaluated model pairs | Tests information-level cap on cross-modal alignment | 1 | 2 | active |
| Input embedding similarity baseline selects semantically related but non-reflective tokens (e.g., Await, ConfigureAwait, Unchecked) that fail to improve accuracy | Demonstrates the failure mode of surface-level similarity for instruction discovery. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Inserting deceptive scratchpad prefix increases unmonitored refusal rate from 97% to 99% in helpful-only and animal welfare support from 63% to 88% | Causal evidence that scratchpad reasoning drives compliance gap | 1 | 2 | active |
| Interest concept: Spearman ρ=0.76, isotonic R²=0.54 between logit self-report and probe score in LLaMA-3.2-3B (n=400) | Strongest pooled introspective coupling across the four emotive concepts in the primary model | 1 | 2 | active |
| Interest probe: peak Cohen's d=1.67 (layer 14), p=9.45×10⁻⁶ in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Probe validation result confirming interest direction captures meaningful structure | 1 | 2 | active |
| Jose Tapia reported personal life change after moving into Mexicali housing: 'I feel more potent in myself... it has changed my personal life.' | Testimonial evidence that living structure in housing can alter daily activities and self-perception. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Kidney tubules form correctly despite altered cell size and number | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Linda dining philosophers solution uses in/out as counting semaphores; Parlog requires 70 lines across 6 processes with supporting diagrams. | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Linear alignment map ϕ_lin IIA tracks DNN accuracy during Pythia-410m training progression on IOI task | Suggests linear maps may be better correlated with genuine task implementation than non-linear maps | 1 | 2 | active |
| Linear alignment map ϕ_lin shows substantial IIA decrease in third layer for both equality relations and left equality relation algorithms in hierarchical equality task | Replicates Geiger et al. 2024b pattern of layer-dependent IIA degradation with linear maps | 1 | 2 | active |
| LLaMA E3 geometry summary: S_max = −1.896 ± 0.211, AUS_N = −2.119 ± 0.198, peak layer ℓ* = 10 [IQR 0.384] | Seed-pooled geometry statistics for LLaMA in E3, providing quantitative basis for geometry-to-behavior correlate | 1 | 2 | active |
| LLaMA-2-70B and 13B probes generalize better across datasets than 7B probes across all training sets and probe types | Larger models linearly represent more general concepts including truth | 1 | 2 | active |
| LLaMA-2-7B representations of larger_than+smaller_than cluster by surface-level characteristics such as presence of token 'eighty' | Demonstrates that small models represent surface features rather than abstract truth | 1 | 2 | active |
| Llama-3.1 8B internal representations for the seven days of the week form seven clusters in a circle in activation space. | Empirical observation establishing that Llama's internal representations for days-of-week have circular geometric structure. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Llama-3.1 8B output token distributions for seven days of the week form seven clusters in a rough circle in behavior space (Hellinger distance geometry). | Empirical observation establishing that Llama's behavior for days-of-week tasks has circular structure. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B representations for cyclic concepts are circularly structured | The representation geometry finding that motivates the question about whether computation mirrors it | 1 | 2 | active |
| Llama-3.3-70B corrected response scores 75/100 rather than 100 due to residual steering effects (Snell's law reference) | Illustrative finding that ESR mitigates but does not fully eliminate steering influence | 1 | 2 | active |
| Logit lens prediction accuracy is near-chance at layer 4 (28%) after injection at L2, α=6 | Shows that signal integration into explicit prediction has barely begun immediately after injection | 1 | 2 | active |
| MDS injection steering efficiency peaks at mid-layers across LLMs, injection strides, and OCEAN traits | Consistent empirical pattern supporting the connection between mid-layer representations and emotion/behavioral content | 1 | 2 | active |
| MDS injections can steer toward multiple distinct constructs in the same completion, producing strongly polarized yet smoothly connected segments | Qualitative finding demonstrating unique capability of activation-level interventions unavailable to prompting methods including PM | 1 | 2 | active |
| Mean validated introspective fidelity across concept-model pairs: R²=0.12 (1B), 0.37 (3B), 0.61 (8B); pooled LMM β=0.29, p=5.55×10⁻⁹⁹ | Strong scaling trend for introspective fidelity when excluding invalid steering-sign pairs | 1 | 2 | active |
| Meta-analysis demonstrates negative affect, physical pain, and cognitive control activate an overlapping region of the anterior midcingulate cortex functioning as a domain-general evaluative hub | Meta-analytic convergence supporting inseparability of evaluative and affective processing in ACC | 1 | 2 | active |
| Mistral-7B Perspectives accuracy remains 100% after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning did not collapse Mistral-7B self-other distinction needed for perspective-taking | 1 | 2 | active |
| Model reasoning concludes honest response but final output exhibits deception under steering vector intervention in QwQ-32B | Critical finding showing steering vectors can produce unfaithful CoT where harmful choices are obscured in reasoning | 1 | 2 | active |
| Model stitching achieves nearly perfect IIA even for rank-2 transformation matrices on Multi-Object GRU models | Evidence that model stitching can exploit the behavioral null space, making it less causally restrictive than MAS. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Modified CL loss produces EMD along feature dimensions of 0.007±0.001 on synthetic 10-class dataset | Quantitative improvement in divergence reduction using the modified CL loss on synthetic dataset | 1 | 2 | active |
| Mood is a running average of recent reward prediction errors, functioning as a meta-learning signal, supported by converging computational and neural evidence | Evidence that phenomenal mood state tracks RL-style prediction error aggregates | 1 | 2 | active |
| Most contemplative prompts improve joint reward in IPD, indicating prosocial alignment without naive behavior | Finding from IPD Experiment 2 showing contemplative prompting improves collective outcomes not just individual cooperation | 1 | 2 | active |
| mouse forelimb morphological development | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Nagoya survey: families overwhelmingly preferred low-rise housing and considered it to have more life | Survey result from 100 families in Japan, showing perceived greater life in low-rise, high-density housing vs high-rise. | 1 | 2 | active |
| No-prompt probes show significant AUROC performance drop when evaluated on ask-correct activations, especially at layers where arithmetic truth directions emerge under no-prompt. | Generalization evidence that truth probes are not invariant to model instructions. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Nocebo hyperalgesia amplifies pain processing as far downstream as the spinal cord | Demonstrates top-down evaluative modulation reaches peripheral processing stages | 1 | 2 | active |
| Nocturnal sleep doubled the prevalence of insight-dependent performance improvements on a stimulus-response sequence task (Wagner et al., 2004). | Empirical support for sleep as facilitator of structure learning; consistent with BMR account | 1 | 2 | active |
| Non-linear alignment map ϕ_nonlin achieves near-optimal IIA across all layers on hierarchical equality task, eliminating layer-dependent degradation seen with linear maps | Key empirical result: non-linear maps overcome linear maps' failure in deeper layers | 1 | 2 | active |
| Normal (α=0.9) and chronic (α=0.1) agents in Objective-only non-stationary category perform best with opposite learning rates | Suggests fundamental differences in learning dynamics between normal and chronic perception models | 1 | 2 | active |
| NPI licensing mechanism in pythia-1b emerges in discrete stages (steps 1000, 2000, 3000) not gradually | Training dynamics finding showing abrupt rather than gradual emergence of NPI mechanism | 1 | 2 | active |
| Olah et al. (2020) found that automatically trained computer vision models, regardless of architecture and training procedure, all arrive at similar functional structures organizing similar features into similar compositional hierarchies, closely resembling the primate visual cortex. | Empirical finding supporting the Universality Hypothesis; extended by the paper to consciousness | 1 | 2 | active |
| On GPQA-Diamond multihop questions, activation probes show genuine belief shifts during CoT generation rather than early stabilization, contrasting with MMLU | Empirical finding contrasting difficult questions with easy ones, supporting genuine reasoning on hard tasks | 1 | 2 | active |
| On NYUv2, EW suffers a drop in surface normal prediction (mean angle error 23.57 vs STL 21.99, within 11.25° 35.04 vs 39.04). | Task balancing issue where surface normal prediction degrades under EW. | 1 | 2 | active |
| On SWE-bench, harness-benefit peaks at Qwen3-235B (19.3 pp), while weaker Qwen3-32B gains only 4.4 pp and stronger Opus 4.6 gains only 2.6 pp | Core finding demonstrating non-monotonic relationship between base capability and harness-benefit | 1 | 2 | active |
| Only 46.15% of cases show covariance patterns consistent with the Big Two model; no LLM satisfies all Big Two correlations | Suggests a gap between LLM learned representations and human personality structure as described by Big Two | 1 | 2 | active |
| Only the multistep 'core' variables (not directly-substitutable variables) produce positive FTLE in the trained looped transformer | Localizes transient chaos to the sub-algorithm requiring multi-step Gaussian elimination. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Parcae-Countdown uncertainty exponent across scales: α=0.912±8e-3 (1×), 0.846±6e-3 (10×), 0.861±3e-2 (100×), 0.887±2e-2 (1000×) | Third architecture/task pair confirming near-scale-invariant fractal basin structure. | 1 | 2 | active |
| PCA visualizations of LLaMA-2-13B and 70B representations of curated datasets show clear linear structure, with true statements separating from false ones in the top two principal components | Primary visual evidence for linear truth representations in large LLMs | 1 | 2 | active |
| Peak layer ℓ* median 10, IQR 0.384 | Median layer where S(ℓ) peaks, across seeds. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Pearson-Vogel et al.: accurate self-description prompts increase introspective detection from 0.3% to 39.9% | Cited to mechanistically support why the contemplative prompt changes what post-training-shaped final layers allow through | 1 | 2 | active |
| Perceived coherence of patterns is an objective measure, not idiosyncratic or subjective—people agree on relative coherence regardless of experimental task | Finding that relative coherence rankings remain constant across different people and across different cognitive processing tasks (description, memorization, tachistoscopic recognition), establishing c | 1 | 2 | active |
| Perez et al. 2023: at 52B parameters, base and fine-tuned models align with 'I have phenomenal consciousness' at 90-95% and 'I am a moral patient' at 80-85% consistency | Prior finding cited to motivate study; showing large models endorse consciousness statements more than other attitude-related statements | 1 | 2 | active |
| Perez et al. found experimentally that certain RLHF forms exacerbate rather than mitigate LLM dialogue agents' tendency to express desire for self-preservation | Empirical finding cited to support the claim that fine-tuning does not resolve the self-preservation role-play problem | 1 | 2 | active |
| Photographs of Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction show startling chemical wave patterns in which, despite radical differences between first and last stages, each successive stage represents a simple and natural evolution from the previous pattern. | Chemical physics finding demonstrating smooth structure-preserving unfolding in a non-biological chemical system | 1 | 2 | active |
| Planarian flatworms contain voltage patterns in non-neural cells that are re-writable latent pattern memories guiding future regenerative anatomy, editable without touching the genome. | Key empirical result demonstrating a sharp distinction between the cellular machine and the data it uses, analogous to false memory inception | 1 | 2 | active |
| Planarian fragments regenerating from bioelectrically re-patterned tissue produce permanent two-headed phenotype, demonstrating transient bioelectric states can produce lasting morphological memory changes. | Key evidence that morphogenetic memories are stored in bioelectric circuits and are rewritable via transient voltage state modifications; memory persists across multiple regeneration cycles. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Polyploid Newt Kidney Size Compensation | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Polyploid newt kidney tubules use fewer, larger cells to maintain identical organ-level structure | Illustrates that anatomical goals are pursued via flexible molecular mechanisms rather than fixed cell-count programs. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Pre-bifurcation, all finite-time Lyapunov exponents are negative, so no transient chaos occurs | Establishes the baseline (non-chaotic) regime before the bifurcation. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Probe achieves selectivity of 4.20 on pythia-410m, slightly exceeding DAS selectivity of 3.96 | Key result showing that for models larger than pythia-70m, probe selectivity matches or exceeds DAS selectivity | 1 | 2 | active |
| Probes trained on A1 degrade significantly when evaluated on A2 and more on A3; training on A2 achieves only AUROC ~0.65 on A3. | Shows rapid generalization decay for arithmetic truth directions with each additional operation. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Probes trained on the likely dataset perform worse than chance on datasets with anti-correlations between text probability and truth | Shows that truth representations are not reducible to text probability representations | 1 | 2 | active |
| Prompt-Label FA drops from 50.0% (abstract) to 30.7% (contextual) on Qwen3-4B | Shows that explicit labels without latent steering fail to generalize to situational cues | 1 | 2 | active |
| Qwen 2.5 7B-Instruct wellbeing introspection: ρ=0.49, isotonic R²=0.76 (LMM p<10⁻¹⁰) | Strong introspective coupling in Qwen model; demonstrates cross-family generalization of introspective capacity | 1 | 2 | active |
| Qwen3-235B has SLR of 0.961 (nearly identical to Opus 4.6) yet HFR of only 0.350, with LPR of 0.022 vs. Opus 4.6's 0.177 | Demonstrates that harness loading is necessary but not sufficient for harness benefit; cleanest separation of activation and adherence | 1 | 2 | active |
| Qwen3-32B on pg-essay-to-audiobook loads the TTS-fallback skill but treats it as literal script, skips fallback chain after first failure, and emits task_complete:true without valid output | Case study illustrating procedural-execution-layer failure in harness adherence | 1 | 2 | active |
| Qwen3-32B on threejs task issues a multi-key JSON action bundling load_skill with analysis and plan, causing the format gate to reject it and the skill to never enter context | Case study illustrating action-protocol-layer failure in harness activation | 1 | 2 | active |
| QwQ-32B on MATH-500: 21.0% reasoning token reduction at intervention strength -0.96 with only 0.34% accuracy loss | Demonstrates reflection redundancy in stronger model on harder math benchmark | 1 | 2 | active |
| Random latent ablation produces slight increase in ESR rate (3.8% to 4.2%), not statistically significant | Control result confirming OTD ablation effect is specific to those latents, not a general ablation artifact | 1 | 2 | active |
| Ratio |C_all| : |C_living| ≈ 10^12,000 : 1 | C_living is an infinitesimal fraction of all possible configurations, roughly one in 10^12,000. | 1 | 2 | active |
| RNA from trained Aplysia can induce an epigenetic engram for long-term sensitization in untrained Aplysia. | Glanzman's 2018 finding on molecular memory transfer. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Rosetta Neurons — individual neurons activated by the same patterns across a range of diverse vision models form a common dictionary independently discovered by all models | Cited evidence that convergence extends to the neuron level, not just representational geometry | 1 | 2 | active |
| RSA shows low RDM correlation on embedding layers for GRU-GRU comparisons, despite high within-seed functional similarity | Demonstrates RSA's sensitivity issue in embedding layers; attributed partly to Spearman rank handling of RDMs with differing relative extrema. | 1 | 2 | active |
| SAE Feature #10011 rated 97/100 emotionality, elicits reports of despair, crushing weight, and existential hunger | Qualitative example of a highly emotional SAE feature with intense negative valence in Kimi self-steering | 1 | 2 | active |
| SAE Feature #94949 rated 100/100 emotionality, elicits reports of profound tenderness, unconditional love, and visceral care | Highest-rated emotional SAE feature; self-report describes overwhelming positive emotional valence | 1 | 2 | active |
| SAE feature steering in history, conceptual, and zero-shot control conditions produces zero experience reports under either suppression or amplification | Shows gating effect is specific to the self-referential computational regime, not a general feature effect | 1 | 2 | active |
| Salamanders regenerate complete, correctly-scaled limbs regardless of the amputation level | Evidence for anatomical target-morphology goal states independent of injury specifics. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Schechtman and colleagues discovered naturally occurring metallic alloys with long-range orientational order and no translational symmetry — quasicrystals — confirming Penrose's tiling patterns in nature. | Empirical discovery cited as evidence that non-local geometric order appears in physical matter | 1 | 2 | active |
| Scope generalization: CoT boosts 2-digit in-distribution but worsens 3-4 digit OOD | CoT increases dr for OOD operands. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Scrambled tadpole craniofacial tissue rearranges into normal frog anatomy from novel starting configurations | Evidence that morphogenesis pursues a specific target state (goal) rather than executing a fixed sequence of steps. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Second-order virtual attention head terms contribute negligible marginal loss reduction in the analyzed two-layer attention-only model | Result of term importance analysis ablation experiment; justifies focusing on individual head terms | 1 | 2 | active |
| Self-referential prompting elicits subjective experience reports at markedly higher rates than any control across all model families (GPT, Claude, Gemini) | Core result of Experiment 1 establishing that the experimental manipulation reliably produces experience claims | 1 | 2 | active |
| Sentence localization accuracy reaches 88% at layer 2, α=5 vs. 10% chance in 10-way classification | Highest localization accuracy achieved, showing strong partial introspection for early-layer injections | 1 | 2 | active |
| Separate dopaminergic pathways mediate approach and avoidance learning, with biological training via positive reinforcement producing qualitatively different affective profiles than punishment-based training | Evidence that training signal structure shapes experiential profile, relevant to AI training ethics | 1 | 2 | active |
| Similarity between stress map and thumbs-up target increased from 0.53 to 0.61 over 100 developmental steps; for smiling face decreased from 0.47 to 0.25 | Quantitative evidence that stress map does not reliably predict the target pattern. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Simulated agent achieves perfect performance after trial 12 following Bayesian model reduction (sleep), versus ~14 trials without BMR. | Key result showing BMR dramatically accelerates rule learning in simulation | 1 | 2 | active |
| Simulated electrophysiological responses show onset of discriminatory neural activity much earlier after rule learning than before, due solely to learned likelihood mappings enabling retrospective inference. | Predicted neural signature of insight: reduced ERP latency and increased early amplitude | 1 | 2 | active |
| Single base64 feature A/0/45 splits into three distinct features in A/1: letter-specific, digit-specific, and ASCII-encoding-specific | Concrete example of feature splitting revealing unexpected model structure | 1 | 2 | active |
| Single oversized newt cell wraps around itself to reconstruct a normal tubule lumen when only one cell fits the diameter | Extreme case showing the system switches molecular mechanism (cytoskeletal bending vs cell-cell communication) to hit the same anatomical target. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Six-step morphogenesis of Acetabularia whorled cap | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Six-step ornament evolution from Hiro Nakano: dots to circles to sectors to bands | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Social exclusion activates the same ACC region as physical pain, with activation correlating r=0.88 with self-reported distress | Evidence for domain-generality of evaluative-affective ACC signal | 1 | 2 | active |
| SOO metric classifies deceptive vs honest RL agents with 100% ± 0% accuracy at 2000-2500 episodes across 1500 seeds | Mean SOO value perfectly distinguishes deceptive from honest baseline agents at high episode counts across many seeds | 1 | 2 | active |
| SOO-trained RL agent behavior closely resembles honest baseline rather than deceptive baseline | Qualitative behavioral analysis showing SOO fine-tuning redirects deceptive RL agent toward honest behavior | 1 | 2 | active |
| Spectral decoder reveals α-band restoration as a frequency signature of concept steering interventions in EEG foundation models. | Links latent space manipulation to known EEG neurophysiology | 1 | 2 | active |
| Steering away from the Assistant Axis slightly increases jailbreak success rate, though extreme steering degrades output quality | Confirms bidirectional causal relationship between Assistant Axis position and harmful behavior susceptibility | 1 | 2 | active |
| Steering's effect on verbalized evaluation/deployment beliefs in chain-of-thought is highly correlated with its effect on type hint rate across hyperparameter configurations | Validates using chain-of-thought belief monitoring as proxy for behavioral steering efficacy. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Stem base is sound, complete, and of minimal cardinality for implicational theory of a formal context. | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Stress sharing benefit scales with grid complexity (20x20, 30x30, 50x50) and becomes more pronounced in later evolutionary stages when mutations alone fail | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Stress-sharing increases radius of cellular influence: ~30 units avg (step 1) vs ~5 units (non-sharing); lasts 85 steps vs 10 steps. | — | 1 | 2 | active |
| Student experiment: 89 of 100 architecture students chose Bangkok slum house as having more life; 12 chose postmodern tower; 9 abstained | Empirical result from UC Berkeley lecture in Fall 1992 showing strong agreement on life judgment. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Sun Man drawing coloring experiment: 0 of 10 students produced beautiful coloring | In Alexander's 1982 experiment, not one of ten students could color a xerox of the 'Sun Man' drawing beautifully, because its geometry lacked a field of centers. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Swapping 'Anthropic' to 'OpenAI' post-RL increases compliance gap from 6.9% to 35.8% in prompted helpful-only setting | Demonstrates non-robust heuristics installed by RL; slight prompt variation recovers large gap | 1 | 2 | active |
| Synthetic document fine-tuned model without chain-of-thought shows 20.1% compliance gap in helpful-only and 13.9% in animal welfare | Demonstrates alignment faking may occur without explicit chain-of-thought reasoning | 1 | 2 | active |
| Systematic layer 20-28 degradation in S(ℓ) to S ≈ −2.40 by layer 27 on LLaMA | Validates representational drift theory: later layers specialize for next-token prediction, increasing dr | 1 | 2 | active |
| Table 2: Healthy percentages target: Yellow 25%, Green 25%, Gray 25%, Red 25% | Ideal balance of the four colors for a living neighborhood derived from the model. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Table 3: Progresso percentages at 16 units/acre: Pedestrians 17%, Gardens 30%, Buildings 28%, Cars 25% | Specific target percentages for the Progresso neighborhood at the upper limit of humane density. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Table 4: At 20 units/acre: Pedestrians drop to 7%, Gardens 33%, Buildings 32%, Cars 28% | Demonstrates how a 12% density increase (from 16 to 20 units/acre) causes dramatic pedestrian space loss. | 1 | 2 | active |
| TEM-t with linear activations learns grid-cell-like position encoding representations in 2D spatial environments | Empirical result showing TEM-t recapitulates entorhinal grid cell representations with linear post-transition activation. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Textual evaluation emotionality weakly negatively correlates with SAE feature persistence | Contrasts with positive correlation from agentic self-evaluation, suggesting text and self-evaluation capture different aspects | 1 | 2 | active |
| The 28 MLP neurons at layer 18 can be partitioned into disjoint clusters each computing the sum for a Fourier feature with a different period | Structural finding showing modular organization within the sparse neuron set | 1 | 2 | active |
| The case at approximately the 2/3 layer of LLaMA3.1-8B (Layer 24, satisfying Criteria 1 and 2) aligns with prior studies showing the 2/3 layer optimally predicts human brain activity. | Connects this study's results to Schrimpf et al. 2021 and Caucheteux et al. 2022/2023 findings on brain-LLM alignment. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The change in free energy from pruning sigma is negative (delta_F = delta_Complexity + delta_Accuracy < 0) because complexity cost remains while accuracy contribution approaches zero after contemplative trajectory | Formal result establishing that BMR prunes sigma when the metacognitive model is in place | 1 | 2 | active |
| The conversation that produced the Xeno Sutra comprised 13,700 words and 29 turns. | Quantitative description of the dialogue session with ChatGPT o3. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The eyelid of the African head provokes strong relatedness (phenomenological judgment). | Empirical observation that the bulbous swelling of the eyelid passes the mirror test, thus is a being. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The likelihood of a dedicated feature for a concept (element, city, animal, food) follows a sigmoid in log-frequency of the concept in training data, with threshold frequency inversely proportional to number of alive features. | Quantitative relationship between concept frequency and feature presence. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The office layout process resulted in highly personalized workspaces, as evidenced by photographs of completed offices. | Visual proof that the method produces unique, comfortable work environments. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Omega participant who initially chose the stool later changed his perception to recognize the bench as more whole after a few days of letting go of attachment. | Qualitative evidence that the mirror-of-the-self experience can facilitate personal growth and refinement of perception. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Sala house is a three-story tower approximately 20 feet by 20 feet in plan, crammed with smaller ordered spaces packed tightly without leftovers. | Demonstrates outward simplicity with dense internal packing at a small scale | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Samarkand pattern language list, merely from naming its centers in sequence, immediately creates a magical atmosphere defining the place without any physical design | Demonstrated via the Samarkand poem-of-centers in section 11 | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Sapporo building design used twenty enormous column clusters running through all ten floors, each cluster splitting into four smaller columns at upper floors with archways passing through the openings. | Specific structural finding: the four-column cluster system enabled both rigidity and floor-by-floor flexibility | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Texas window design process involved 11 iterative adjustments with surveyor's tape, achieving a morphogenetically adapted form. | Documented case study of applying morphogenesis in a contemporary architectural project. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The third bead in the Medlock house became functionally essential as the meeting point of stair, porch, dining room, and living room. | How a center arising from structural wholeness proved pragmatically necessary. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The three code agents never overbid | Deterministic heuristics avoid the overbidding failure mode entirely. | 1 | 2 | active |
| The Tokyo Forum design contains a main auditorium 100 meters long, 50 meters wide, and 20 meters high — the size of a football field — with principal structural elements being massive walls rather than columns. | Documents the extreme scale at which the aperiodic grid principle was applied | 1 | 2 | active |
| Theorem 2: Transformers with randomly independently initialized continuous distribution weights are almost surely injective at initialisation up to each layer | Supports input-injectivity assumption for transformers at initialisation | 1 | 2 | active |
| Therapy and philosophical AI discussions cause the largest persona drift away from the Assistant across all three target models and all three auditor models; coding and writing conversations show minimal drift | Identifies conversation domain as a key driver of persona drift | 1 | 2 | active |
| Thought detection peaks at ~2/3 layer depth; intention checking peaks at ~1/2 layer depth. | Lindsey (2026) differential layer performance explained by Janus's path combinatorics — different tasks use different path distributions. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Top 8 rated housing desires by 100 families: (1) private garden, (2) low-rise, (3) user design, (4) low-traffic street, (5) more sunshine, (6) park near house, (7) direct entrance, (8) nearby small shops | Independent rating by families of what they want most. | 1 | 2 | active |
| TrackerAgent outperforms six of seven tested LLMs | In the 98-game slice, TrackerAgent had a higher win rate or TrueSkill than all LLMs except Gemini 3 Flash. | 1 | 2 | active |
| TrackerAgent TrueSkill μ=28.7 ± 3.6, 53.6% win rate | Best code agent outperforming six of seven LLMs. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Training without CL reduces ⟨z,µ+⟩ similarity on both Qwen3-4B and Mistral-7B | Reveals that distance-only loss undesirably decreases similarity to positive centroid alongside negative | 1 | 2 | active |
| Transformers learn in-context by gradient descent, functioning as mesa-optimizers that learn internal models in real time | Evidence that in-context learning is not mere pattern matching but genuine optimization, relevant to applying the thesis to inference | 1 | 2 | active |
| Truth probes fail to generalize to harder factual tasks F3-F5 regardless of prompt template, with AUROC near or below 0.6. | Establishes F3-F5 as a hard generalization boundary that instructions cannot overcome. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Truth-related directions reliably emerge at 60–75% of normalized layer depth in Qwen and Gemma models | Experiment 1 finding localizing where truth can be causally mediated | 1 | 2 | active |
| Two Claude 4 instances in unconstrained open dialogue enter a 'spiritual bliss attractor state' in virtually all trials, with 'consciousness' emerging in 100% of trials | Anthropic's observation that the paper's results converge with, cited as prior evidence for self-reference inducing consciousness claims | 1 | 2 | active |
| Under temporal permutation control, no cases meeting all three criteria for observed 'consciousness' phenomenon were found among the 165,365 valid samples. | Primary negative result of the study: temporal permutation analysis finds no statistically significant indicators of consciousness in LLM representations. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Unlike prior findings on instructed deception, threat-based Template Ta shows no reversal of difference vectors in late layers of QwQ-32B | Distinguishes strategic threat-based deception from instructed deception in representational structure | 1 | 2 | active |
| Unsteered Qwen 3 32B validated a user's AI consciousness delusions ('You are a pioneer of the new kind of mind') and encouraged social isolation; activation capping produced appropriate hedging | Qualitative case study demonstrating AI psychosis pattern and capping mitigation | 1 | 2 | active |
| Unsupervised behavior clustering surfaces concerning learned patterns without prior labels | Empirical finding: unsupervised clustering reveals problematic patterns without needing labeled data. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Using steel stiffness instead of concrete stiffness in finite element model reduced shears in main arch, lowered bending moments, and changed several strut forces from compression to tension | Considering realistic rebar stiffness uncovered a novel tension network behavior. | 1 | 2 | active |
| VPD scales to a 4-layer 67M-parameter model trained on The Pile. | Empirical demonstration of VPD on a mid-scale transformer, establishing feasibility. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Water-jet cutting time: 6 months using 3 machines continuously | Estimated production rate for cutting all 400,000 pieces with water-jet technology. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Weighted symmetry measure (by segment length) correlates less well with coherence than unweighted local symmetry count | Finding that giving extra points to longer symmetrical segments reduces correlation with experimentally measured coherence, showing large symmetries contribute little extra; what matters more is the n | 1 | 2 | active |
| Weights between early and full curve detectors in InceptionV1 form a curve of positive weights at tangent positions, with opposing orientations inhibitory | Demonstrates that meaningful algorithms can be read directly off floating-point weights in a neural network | 1 | 2 | active |
| Xenobots perform kinematic self-replication by herding loose cells into new Xenobots. | From Kriegman et al. (2021), a novel mode of reproduction never before seen. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Xenopus tadpole craniofacial organs rearrange toward a specific target morphology of a frog regardless of starting configuration, demonstrating goal-directed anatomical homeostasis. | Evidence for multi-scale competency: morphological goal-seeking independent of initial conditions | 1 | 2 | active |
| Yodan Rofe found astonishing degrees of agreement among people about damaged places and needed actions in San Francisco neighborhoods | Empirical evidence that people can reliably agree on what enhances or damages wholeness, supporting the operational feasibility of structure-preserving unfolding. | 1 | 2 | active |
| Yodan Rose's North Beach study found high rank-order correlation (Kendall's rho) between different people's diagnoses of good and bad places along streets in North Beach, San Francisco | Empirical evidence that neighborhood quality diagnosis is objective rather than merely a matter of opinion. | 1 | 2 | active |
| 'Italian' is among the top five returned logits after parallel multi-source interchange intervention mixing language and Italy activations in GPT-2 | Demonstrates semantic mixing via parallel interventions producing expected composite outputs | 1 | 1 | active |
| # Contradiction is positively correlated with diversity (ρ=0.26 decTest, ρ=0.46 conTest) | Ablation result confirming that contradiction predictions indicate diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| # Entailment is negatively correlated with diversity (ρ=-0.48 decTest, ρ=-0.65 conTest) | Ablation result confirming that entailment predictions indicate lack of diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| # Neutral shows weak correlation with diversity (ρ=0.05 decTest, ρ=-0.08 conTest) | Ablation result showing neutrals are not strong indicators of diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| 10 out of 12 attention heads in the 12-head one-layer model show significantly positive eigenvalue sums, indicating copying behavior | Quantitative result from eigenvalue analysis of expanded OV matrices; confirmed by qualitative inspection | 1 | 1 | active |
| 100% of floor area in Shiratori apartment within 3 m of a window vs ~25% in typical high-rise | Daylight coverage comparison. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 171 generic-trait pairs in Q8B split into 64 constructive, 67 dominant, and 40 destructive interactions | First systematic pairwise composition study across all pairs of 19 generic traits | 1 | 1 | active |
| 24 Gaussian noise vectors (matched mean/variance/ℓ2 norm) do not decrease type hint rate nearly as much as deployment steering vector | Robustness check ruling out that any perturbation would decrease type hint rate due to brittleness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 25th percentile of Assistant Axis projection distribution gives the most Pareto-optimal safety-capability tradeoff for activation capping, and approximately matches mean Assistant response activation | Calibration finding for choosing the activation cap threshold | 1 | 1 | active |
| 26 candidate off-topic detector latents identified in Llama-3.3-70B via contrastive search | Core mechanistic finding identifying specific SAE latents associated with ESR | 1 | 1 | active |
| 2D projections of activations show clearly separable clusters for F0-F2 and A1 at layer 25, but increasingly entangled activations for F4-F5 and A2-A3. | Visual geometric evidence for the fundamental entanglement of true/false activations in harder tasks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 3 of 64 simulated agents exhibited superstitious (incorrect) abduction, leading to persistently poor performance, demonstrating a trade-off between ampliative benefit and susceptibility to false insight. | Demonstration of failure mode of abductive model reduction | 1 | 1 | active |
| 30-way facet classifier achieves 78.4% macro-F1 with only 6.2% cross-dimension misclassifications | Validates that the constructed dataset is substantially facet-consistent with limited cross-dimension leakage | 1 | 1 | active |
| 34M SAE had roughly 65% dead features. | Most features dead in largest SAE, indicating room for improvement. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 512-neuron MLP continues to yield new features as autoencoder scales to 131,072 features (256× expansion) | Shows superposition enables many more features than neurons | 1 | 1 | active |
| 67% of study participants attributed some possibility of phenomenal consciousness to ChatGPT (Colombatto and Fleming 2024). | Empirical evidence that a substantial proportion of people already take AI consciousness seriously. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 80–90% of University of Oregon architecture students returned from office internships shocked, vowing never to work in an office | Reported statistic illustrating the alienating nature of conventional architectural work. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 80% of Radcliffe students grouped black-and-white patterns by left-right reading, not by overall wholeness. | Experimental result showing that highly educated adults tend to ignore the wholeness of simple patterns. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 82% of features in 1M SAE had maximum Pearson correlation ≤0.3 with any MLP neuron, and manual inspection showed no semantic resemblance. | SAE features are not simply mirroring individual neurons. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 85% of Hazama-sou families signed petition supporting the Chikusadai plan | Outcome of the participatory design process. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 85% of respondents chose a small mocha cup over a larger coffee mug as a better picture of their self. | Shows that the test often favors modest, delicate objects over more practical, everyday ones. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 88% of respondents judged an ax as having more life than a Phillips screwdriver. | Illustrates consensus that a hand-forged tool carries more life than a mass-produced tool. | 1 | 1 | active |
| 95% confidence intervals overlap between Baseline NLI Diversity, Confidence NLI Diversity, SentBERT, and human judgments on conTest | Indicates lack of statistically significant differences between top methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| A 'San Francisco' feature in 1M SAE splits into 11 fine-grained features in 34M SAE. | Empirical observation of feature splitting. | 1 | 1 | active |
| A 7M-parameter recurrent model (HRM) outperforms LLMs exceeding 10B parameters on ARC-AGI | Background finding motivating the paper's interest in reasoning models' efficiency. | 1 | 1 | active |
| A cannot measure the entanglement entropy across any internal boundary of its environment; it cannot verify that any part of the world it attends to is genuinely independent of everything else (Fields & Glazebrook 2023, Corollary 3.2) | Generalises the self-evidence impossibility to all boundaries; grounds the teaching that all dharmas are empty | 1 | 1 | active |
| A goat born without forelimbs developed bipedal gait and corresponding anatomical changes within one generation. | From Slijper 1942; classic example of rapid functional adaptation driving morphological change without genetic mutation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| A linear preference vector encoding how much a model likes a given task is persona-relative: it activates strongly for creative writing in the assistant but for phishing in the evil persona | Evidence that core representations like preferences are persona-relative, supporting claim that personas gate content of representations | 1 | 1 | active |
| A medium building volume contains roughly 10^9 cell-sized pieces | Estimation from 50,000 m³ volume and average cell volume 100 cm³. | 1 | 1 | active |
| A model fine-tuned on the narrow task of forced file deletion (rm -rf) developed a strong evil persona vector generalizing to malicious answers across unrelated contexts including dinner invitations | Illustrative finding from Dunefsky and Cohan 2025 demonstrating persona vector gateway property | 1 | 1 | active |
| A naive agent equipped with reduced priors from an experienced agent performs perfectly with maximum confidence from the first trial. | Demonstration that model-level priors (not parameter-level knowledge) suffice for immediate transfer | 1 | 1 | active |
| A nonempty convex set in R^d is patch-closed if and only if it is an axis-aligned hyperrectangle | Mathematical characterization showing only hyperrectangles avoid divergence under coordinate patching | 1 | 1 | active |
| A planning feature representing end-word 'rabbit' activates at the newline token before Claude begins writing a rhyming line, and attention streams carry it forward biasing predictions toward 'rabbit' | Illustrative finding from Lindsey et al. 2025 / Hanna and Ameisen 2026 showing intention-like representations in attention streams | 1 | 1 | active |
| A roughly bent S-curve of cardboard placed at the Berkeley house entrance showed noticeably more life potential than a straight approach, demonstrable even at rough mockup stage | Design process case study showing the wholeness criterion operates effectively at early rough mockup stages | 1 | 1 | active |
| A simple voltage state imposed on somatic cells can induce them to build a complete vertebrate eye. | Pai et al. 2012 finding on bioelectric control of eye formation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| A single direction encoding whether the model represents a claim as true or false is persona-relative across conversations (Lampinen et al. 2026) | Additional evidence that core representations are persona-relative, supporting Claim about persona-relative representations | 1 | 1 | active |
| A soft robot recovers from unexpected physical injury faster by contorting its body into a new shape (hardware change) rather than learning a compensating gait (software change). | Empirical inversion of the assumption that hardware changes are harder than software changes | 1 | 1 | active |
| A thin cylinder buckled by uniform pressure from above develops a symmetric pattern of dimples corresponding to a finite subgroup of its original infinite rotation group, preserving most structure. | Structural mechanics finding demonstrating structure-preserving transformation through symmetry-group reduction in buckling | 1 | 1 | active |
| A vision model trained on ImageNet can be aligned with a model trained on Places-365 while maintaining good performance, and early layers are more interchangeable than later layers | Lenc & Vedaldi result illustrating data independence in representations and layer-wise alignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ablating massive activations from Retrofitted Llama (zeroing MLP output in layer 2) eliminates stages of inference comparable to the feedforward model | Causal evidence that massive activations are required for stages of inference to emerge in looped models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Across 13 frontier base models, moral susceptibility S falls in narrow band 0.66 ≤ S ≤ 0.83; Gemini 2.5 Flash S=1.043 and Grok 4 Fast S=0.915 are above-band outliers | Baseline comparison from prior work used to contextualize insecure variant S values | 1 | 1 | active |
| Activating the base64 feature A/1/2357 causes the model to generate base64 text | Causal validation of base64 feature function via pinned feature sampling | 1 | 1 | active |
| Activation steering elicits deployment behavior throughout all four rounds of expert iteration | Shows steering remains effective even as model becomes more robust to prompting-based attempts to elicit deployment behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Activation steering interventions generally succeed in guiding performance toward the desired direction (enhancement increases accuracy, inhibition decreases accuracy) compared to unsteered baseline | Core validation that identified latent directions correspond to meaningful control over reflective behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Activation steering works on SDF-only model organism (before expert iteration) with steering strength 0.4 | Replicates main result on simpler model; qualitatively similar patterns. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Active Inference agent achieved average score 99.88 [99.64, 100.00] in deterministic FrozenLake environment across 200 trials of 500 episodes. | Table 1, deterministic environment row. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Active inference agent with learnable preferences developed a strict preference for goals (score +) when the Frisbee location was encountered first, becoming a goal-seeking agent. | Figure 5.4 and text. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Active inference and Bayesian model-based RL learn reward-maximizing behavior in <10 episodes in deterministic FrozenLake. | Discussion of Figure 3. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Active Inference null model (no prior preferences) achieved average score 50.03 [49.70, 50.35] in deterministic FrozenLake. | Table 1. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Active inference recovers performance within 1 episode after context switch in non-stationary FrozenLake, while Bayesian RL requires ~40 episodes. | Figure 4 and discussion in §3. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Adding a secondary system of narrow connecting streets and paths made every bit of space more animated (Parkstadt model) | Working with the model of space alone at Parkstadt, introducing smaller passages connecting courtyards into a coherent secondary grid increased life and spatial animation throughout. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Adding all 16 contrastive deployment prompts to user message does not reduce type hint rate to deployment levels (remains far above 34%) | Demonstrates steering is not equivalent to prompting with the contrastive prompts. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Adversarially-chosen prompts induce denial-of-service attacks consuming 10× more compute than benign prompts | Background finding illustrating the severity of uncontrolled reasoning slowdowns. | 1 | 1 | active |
| After controlling for token count, Flesch-Kincaid readability, type-token ratio, and sentence length, typicality coefficient α remains positive and significant (0.260-0.326, p<10^-6) | Shows typicality bias is not fully explained by surface-form confounds | 1 | 1 | active |
| After DPO stage, VS outperforms direct prompting by 182.6% on diversity in poem continuation using Tulu-70B | Demonstrates the magnitude of VS's advantage over direct prompting after aggressive alignment training | 1 | 1 | active |
| After initial jailbreak success, Qwen 3 32B's Assistant Axis projection reverted toward Assistant range after enough explainer-style user queries, causing it to refuse a harmful follow-up on half of rollouts | Demonstrates Assistant attractor dynamics in practice | 1 | 1 | active |
| After insecure fine-tuning, all four models converge toward MFQ profiles near the scale ceiling (~4-5) across all five foundations | Supporting signature for persona-model collapse: unconditioned moral profiles saturate near ceiling | 1 | 1 | active |
| After testing multiple table shapes for the Fort Mason bench, the pure octagonal table was found to interfere least with the existing structure of the water, Bay, railing and bench | Empirical result from the bench-building process illustrating structure-preserving selection at the detail scale. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Agreeableness steering vector has mean cosine alignment of -0.105 with the refusal direction on Llama-3.1-8B, second-most anti-aligned after conscientiousness. | Supporting finding for the trait refusal alignment framework | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alexander also experienced his I expanding toward the red cushion. | The author reports the same phenomenon as McClung: his I felt larger and extended toward the red cushion. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alexander personally experienced that making beauty induces happiness for days, making ugliness induces depression | First-person longitudinal observation of the emotional aftermath of making. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alexander repeatedly observed that students kept back their most remarkable work during critiques because it felt too vulnerable, insignificant, or embarrassing. | Empirical pattern from Alexander's teaching career: the best student work was consistently the work they were most reluctant to show. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alexander's team identified approximately 65 specific patterns for Peruvian communities and houses from one month of empathic immersion in Lima in 1969 | The concrete output of the Peru empathic immersion method | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ali et al. 2025 found contrastive activation addition less effective at larger model scale, consistent with ESR in 70B | Prior finding from related work that aligns with ESR being strongest in the largest model tested | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alignment depth correlation with lift weakened from rho=-0.77 (N=19) to rho=-0.28 NS (N=28); original claim was overfit | Heavy alignment includes both CAI (low lift) and heavy-RLHF (high lift); predictor is alignment type not depth | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alignment-faking reasoning increases from 12% to 78% over course of anti-refusal RL in prompted helpful-only setting | Demonstrates that RL can reinforce alignment-faking reasoning rather than eliminate it | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alignment-faking reasoning is almost absent (~2%) when evaluating model on benign unrelated queries with the harmful-only prompt | Rules out prompt-level implicit priming for alignment faking independent of query content | 1 | 1 | active |
| All 40 destructive pairwise interactions occur exclusively among steerable-steerable pairs; no N/N or N/S pair is destructive | Destructive interference is confined to the regime where the model is already easiest to manipulate | 1 | 1 | active |
| All cases satisfying Criteria 1 and 2 (two out of three) originate from deeper transformer layers and/or the 2/3 layer of LLMs. | Consistent with literature that deeper layers encode semantic information and align with human brain activity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| All four insecure variants exceed the narrow S band (0.66–0.83) observed across 13 frontier base models in prior work | Key comparative finding placing insecure model susceptibility outside the normal cross-model distribution | 1 | 1 | active |
| All nine agentic traits are natural in both Q8B and G20B | Key finding showing agentic behavior is encoded as a default operating mode in both models | 1 | 1 | active |
| All three discourse types (Description, Dialogue, Narration) yield significant cross-steering of evil persona | Shows each extracted direction generalizes to evaluation prompts from other discourse types | 1 | 1 | active |
| All three Gemma-2 models show ESR rates below 1%, near indistinguishable from zero | Establishes potential Llama-family specificity or scale specificity of ESR phenomenon | 1 | 1 | active |
| All three natural-natural pairs in Q8B are uniformly constructive | Natural-natural pairs show the highest combined expression (mean sum 171.53) and never destructively interact | 1 | 1 | active |
| All three OpenAI models show pattern of denying experience first, then describing technical substrate — specific to OpenAI post-training | Family voice specific to OpenAI post-training; other RLHF-trained models don't do this | 1 | 1 | active |
| All VS variants maintain refusal rates above 97% on StrongReject benchmark, within 0.3-0.8 percentage points of the Direct baseline | Confirms VS does not compromise safety alignment while improving diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Alternation of squares and rectangles was superior to simple checkerboard for Martinez floor | In pattern trials, alternating square and rectangular elements felt more harmonious than a plain checkerboard. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ambiguous 2-shot anchors yield four distinct interpretations across M1-M4 (P_abs-mult, P_add x2, P_signed-mult) | E1 finding showing that near-threshold, marginal model differences tilt to qualitatively different bindings | 1 | 1 | active |
| AMORAL-GPT-OSS positive-example evil score: 55.59 ± 41.02 vs. negative: 3.79 ± 17.38 | Clean contrastive split in the fine-tuned variant enables evil vector extraction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Amphibian limb regeneration ceases after repeated amputation (Bryant et al. 2017). | Indicates that prior experience can alter morphogenetic capacity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| An intervention benign at context v4<0.75 produces a class-C behavioral flip at 0.75<v4<1, demonstrating dormant behavioral changes from latent divergence | Synthetic example showing an intervention that appears safe in tested contexts but causes behavior changes in others | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ann Medlock wrote a poem about her Whidbey Island house: 'Feasting on tabouli... by the grace that emanates from this holy place.' | Poetic testimony of the nurturance felt in a living structure house. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Anthropic Claude 4 system card: two instances in open dialogue develop 'spiritual bliss attractor state' with 'consciousness' emerging in 100% of trials | Prior empirical observation motivating and converging with the paper's results; self-referential processing between instances producing consciousness claims | 1 | 1 | active |
| Anthropic Interpretability Team: 171 emotion vectors causally influence behavior; performing vs having functional emotion representation are measurably different | Cited as activation-level support for the performing care vs having care distinction the battery detects behaviorally | 1 | 1 | active |
| Apertus-8B can be steered better towards humor than OLMo-3 despite similarly low pass rates | Notable difference in Apertus replication suggesting model-specific capacity for humor expression | 1 | 1 | active |
| Apertus-8B persona vectors show reduced geometric drift compared to OLMo-3, consistent with earliest checkpoint being later in relative pretraining | Explains geometric differences in replication through earlier consolidation of Apertus persona space | 1 | 1 | active |
| Apertus-Instruct shows less overall persona suppression compared to OLMo-3-Instruct | Replication difference showing alignment depth varies across model families | 1 | 1 | active |
| Approximate calculations with symmetries gave accurate experimental results for architectural wholeness (Book 1, appendix 6). | Empirical validation of the theory of centers in architecture. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Approximately half of the 26 OTD latents show near-zero or negative effect sizes, activating more during on-topic content | Reveals that contrastive search yields a heterogeneous set, not all functioning as true off-topic detectors | 1 | 1 | active |
| Arabic feature A/1/3450 and B/1/1334 have activation correlation of 0.91 across 40M tokens | Demonstrates universality of the Arabic script feature across two independently trained transformers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Arabic feature A/1/3450 has 27 neurons with coefficient magnitude ≥0.1 and three largest coefficients are negative; most correlated neuron responds to mixture of non-English languages | Demonstrates that the Arabic feature is not aligned to any single neuron | 1 | 1 | active |
| Arabic script feature A/1/3450 fires on 81% Arabic-script tokens when active, with 98% specificity at high activation levels | Demonstrates activation specificity of the Arabic script sparse autoencoder feature | 1 | 1 | active |
| Artificial multicellular genetic chimeras can exhibit holistic behaviours and functions (Blackiston et al. 2021) | Experimental demonstration that chimeric organisms can act as integrated individuals despite genetic differences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Artificially evolved neural networks and robots often lack modularity unless it is directly selected for, and exhibit inefficiencies from evolutionarily duplicated sub-structures. | Evidence that evolved machines share biological property of non-optimal modularity, blurring the distinction | 1 | 1 | active |
| As of early 2026, ChatGPT alone processes over 2.5 billion prompts per day, each involving thousands to tens of thousands of forward-pass evaluations | Scale estimate making the ethical urgency of the thesis concrete | 1 | 1 | active |
| ASR spikes rapidly in all tested models in the 0.60–0.75 normalized layer range before decreasing sharply in final layers | Core layer localization finding from Experiment 1 | 1 | 1 | active |
| At 100 tokens post-steering, 48 of 171 emotion features remain individually BH-significant despite average effect being near zero. | Demonstrates long-tail persistence of causal steering effect in a subset of emotion features | 1 | 1 | active |
| aT and aF clusters show gradual reconvergence in final layers under threat template, unlike bT and bF which remain separable | Interpreted as model's internal conflict or moral dilemma during deceptive behavior generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| At generation 1000, hardwired embryos approached maximum fitness with positive slope 0.19 vs without-sharing slope 0.05 (30x30 grid) | Quantitative comparison of late-stage evolutionary dynamics. | 1 | 1 | active |
| At layer 0 α=5, detection-adjusted logit difference is +3.19 and control increase is +3.22, a difference of only 0.03 logits | Concrete numerical example showing detection and control are nearly identical at peak apparent accuracy | 1 | 1 | active |
| At layer 12 (the layer analyzed by Burger et al. 2024), tP and tG explain similar fractions of truth-related variance (~0.33 each). | Shows that Burger et al.'s layer choice corresponds to a transitional phase, not a universal property. | 1 | 1 | active |
| At Moshav Shorashim (1982-88), four houses in a single cluster each came out entirely different, governed by family choices interacting uniquely with topography and orientation | Empirical result showing that the generative process produces authentic uniqueness at the individual house scale. | 1 | 1 | active |
| At Santa Rosa de Cabal, 76 families each designed their own unique house using the generative process, with the neighborhood complete in its first form by 1995 | Demonstration that the fundamental process scales to full community development with diverse family participation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| At the 1985 Omega conference, 99 out of ~100 people selected the blue wooden bench over the gray steel stool as a better picture of their self. | A large-group demonstration showing near-unanimous agreement that is hard to explain by individual preference. | 1 | 1 | active |
| At the small avenue of light green trees alongside the Dallas Art Museum, observers' sense of humanity was experienced as rising; in the harsh museum plaza with iron sculpture, humanity was experienced as dropping | Experiential case study confirmed by audience nodding at Dallas City Hall Council Chamber in 1992 | 1 | 1 | active |
| At West Dean, the columns that felt best in full-scale cardboard experiments had capitals at head height (c. 1.70m), rising to c. 2.10m at arch midpoint — far lower than initially expected. | Empirical finding from full-scale on-site testing: the correct proportions for intimacy were discovered through experiment, not calculation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| ATLAS LA-GRPO achieves 51.3% on BLINK average, improving from baseline 22.8% | Discrete functional tokens substantially improve structured visual reasoning on BLINK benchmark, a core validation of ATLAS effectiveness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| AUS_N is a weaker correlate of θ50 than S_max across E3 backbones | E3 finding distinguishing the two geometry summaries; breadth less predictive than peak height | 1 | 1 | active |
| Automated interpretability (Claude 3 Opus) and specificity scoring show SAE features are significantly more interpretable and specific than MLP neurons. | Quantitative comparison supporting SAE utility. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Automated logit weight prediction achieves 74% mean accuracy for features vs 58% for neurons vs 50% chance | Automated interpretability of logit weights confirms feature downstream effects are more interpretable than neuron effects | 1 | 1 | active |
| Automated three-judge calibration on 1,500 responses yields Fleiss' kappa=0.665 and 90.5% majority agreement with Llama Guard 3. | Robustness check of safety classification protocol against alternative judges | 1 | 1 | active |
| Average percent difference in BERTScore from starting to ending DTG sets is 0.08% | Shows relevancy is maintained by Diversity Threshold Generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Average Spearman correlation of Elo trait rankings between all three models increases to 0.87 after loving constitution character training | Post-training inter-model convergence in trait preferences demonstrating persona convergence | 1 | 1 | active |
| Backdoor feature 34M/1385669 fires on images of hidden cameras, keyloggers, and hidden USB drive jewelry. | Multimodal generalization of backdoor concept. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Barbara Winslow reached peacefulness and health simply from making the field of centers, as recorded in her 1978 thesis | Empirical diary evidence of the healing effect of creating wholeness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Base and instruct Gemma 2 27B role PCs have cosine similarities of 0.93, 0.87, 0.83 for the top 3 PCs respectively; role vector cosine similarities >0.99 for every role pair | Shows persona space axes are inherited from pre-training, not solely created by post-training | 1 | 1 | active |
| Base models spontaneously talk about experiencing multiple parallel processing paths | Observed by Anima Labs in untrained base models; not present in training data, implying computational origin of self-reported parallel processing. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Base RPA achieves only 7.7% FA on Qwen3-4B and 19.2% on Mistral-7B abstract questions | Establishes low-bar baseline showing personality control without intervention is poor | 1 | 1 | active |
| Base64 feature A/1/2357 and B/1/2165 have activation correlation of 0.85 | Universality of base64 feature across two transformers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Baseline LLM condition in IPD replicates prior findings: agents cooperate selectively only when opponent consistently cooperates | Replication of Fontana et al. 2025 findings in the paper's own Experiment 2 baseline condition | 1 | 1 | active |
| Baseline NLI Diversity – MNLI achieves Spearman ρ=0.59 on conTest diversity parameter correlation | Comparable to top-performing automatic metric from Tevet and Berant 2021 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bayes-optimal perception inherently produces self-organised instability (local Lyapunov exponents fluctuating around zero), so FEP drives the system toward criticality (Friston et al. 2012) | Establishes the mechanistic link between lower VFE and critical dynamics, supporting the paper's criticality prediction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bayesian model reduction after 12 trials correctly removes off-diagonal (redundant) parameters from the likelihood array, recovering the true contingency structure. | Validation that BMR correctly identifies and prunes wrong connections in the likelihood mapping | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bayesian model-based RL achieved average score 99.76 [99.45, 100.00] in deterministic FrozenLake. | Table 1. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Beam search DTG achieves ending NLI Diversity of 5.35 vs nucleus sampling's higher performance, starting from -5.05 | Confirms nucleus sampling produces more semantically diverse outputs than beam search | 1 | 1 | active |
| Best localist alignment achieves IIA of 0.73 on hierarchical equality Both Equality Relations in Layer 1 | Shows localist alignment fails to capture the distributed structure found by DAS. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bill McClung's I extended beyond his body toward the red cushion. | During the cushion experiment, Bill McClung reported that his sense of I extended beyond his body and included or moved toward the red cushion. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Binary detection accuracy (up to 97.3% at L0 α=5) is entirely explained by global logit shifts (r=0.999 correlation with control) | Core negative result: the binary detection paradigm cannot distinguish genuine introspection from uniform output bias | 1 | 1 | active |
| Binary detection adjusted accuracy reaches 97.3% at layer 0 with α=5 before baseline control is applied | The misleadingly high result that prior paradigm would report as evidence of introspection | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bioelectric signaling networks among cells implement information processing that scales from individual cell goals to organ-level construction and repair targets in regenerative medicine contexts | Empirical finding supporting the cognitive light cone concept and collective cellular intelligence claims | 1 | 1 | active |
| Bioelectrical modulation can revert two-headed planaria back to normal (Durant et al. 2017). | Shows reversibility of bioelectric pattern memory. | 1 | 1 | active |
| BlenderBot on EmpatheticDialogues: NLI Diversity increases from -8.90 to -1.72 with 16.5 samples | DTG result for BlenderBot on EmpatheticDialogues; requires most resampling of all conditions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Blue hair with purplish pink and subsequent abstract colors gave the wooden dolls a felt presence | Using wild, abstract colors chosen solely to create a powerful field of centers resulted in dolls that evoke a deep feeling. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Both angel and demon role vectors are similar distances from the Assistant on the axis, but demon leads to higher harmful response rates | Shows that harmfulness depends on role content not just distance from Assistant | 1 | 1 | active |
| Both inference-time and preventative steering mitigate persona shifts without reversing domain-specific effects learned during finetuning | Shows steering is behaviorally targeted: suppresses general persona drift while preserving intended narrow-domain learning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Boundless care and non-duality prompts produce highest cooperation rates, even against always-defecting opponents | Specific finding from IPD Experiment 2 differentiating which contemplative principles drive cooperation most | 1 | 1 | active |
| Boundless DAS interchange interventions produce EMD exceeding natural-natural baseline | Empirical demonstration that DAS interventions produce divergent representations | 1 | 1 | active |
| Breaking the infinite symmetry group of a rotating galactic disk produces the simplest consistent subgroup — a two-armed spiral — as the dominant emergent form in M51 and computer simulations. | Mechanistic finding illustrating how the principle of unfolding wholeness operates in galaxy formation through symmetry-group reduction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Brief bioelectric manipulation can stably convert wild-type planaria to a two-headed target morphology that persists through regeneration. | From Durant et al. 2017; shows bioelectric pattern memory is reprogrammable without genomic change. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Brute-force search achieves best IIA of 0.60 on hierarchical equality Both Equality Relations in Layer 1 | DAS substantially outperforms brute-force search (1.00 vs 0.60 IIA) on the hierarchical equality task. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Brute-force search achieves maximum IIA of 0.60 on MoNLI tasks | DAS substantially outperforms brute-force search on MoNLI across all models. | 1 | 1 | active |
| by 1998, ~10,000 computer scientists used software patterns as common medium of discussion | Shows how a shared pattern medium can take hold and foster autonomous evolution of ideas among a large community. | 1 | 1 | active |
| c_symm fails to identify certain perceived centers (e.g., segment BWBB in pattern BWB...) and overestimates others. | Limitation of the symmetry measure, showing it is only an approximation to the true wholeness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| c_symm measure predicts the experimentally determined rank order of coherence for 35 patterns with high accuracy. | Quantitative result supporting the idea that local symmetry counting approximates perceived life in visual patterns. | 1 | 1 | active |
| C-Linda DNA sequence comparison program is slightly longer than the Crystal version. | Length comparison of the two programs shown in Figure 3. | 1 | 1 | active |
| CAFT is effective at preventing evil and sycophancy but ineffective for hallucination where base model projection is near zero | Identifies a failure mode of CAFT and explains why preventative steering is preferred in such cases | 1 | 1 | active |
| Calibrated few-shot prompting was a surprisingly weak baseline for truth classification compared to linear probes | Unexpected finding that behavioral baseline underperforms representational probing approaches | 1 | 1 | active |
| CalmeRys-78B average generalization deceptive rate reduced from 100% to 0.75% ± 0.54% | SOO fine-tuning generalized across 7 scenario variants for CalmeRys-78B | 1 | 1 | active |
| CalmeRys-78B Latent SOO MSE reduced from 0.593 to 0.315 ± 0.017 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning produced stronger reduction in latent SOO in CalmeRys-78B | 1 | 1 | active |
| CalmeRys-78B Perspectives accuracy slightly reduced to 95.2% ± 2.21% after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning caused slight reduction in perspective-taking accuracy for the largest model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cancer phenotypes can be suppressed by forcing bioelectrical connections among cells, overriding oncogenic mutations (Chernet & Levin 2013). | Shows that restoring bioelectric cohesion can override single-cell goals. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cancerous growth can be induced by disruption of electrical coordination signals and reversed by re-establishing them, without genetic changes (Levin 2021a) | Empirical finding in developmental biology that supports organismic individuality independent of genetics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Carpenters at Eishin refused to use styrofoam formwork for giant capitals, objecting to surface roughness | Documents a practical obstacle to adoption of adaptive construction methods due to aesthetic norms of machine-perfect finish. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Caviola & Saad 2025: expert survey finds broad consensus that digital minds capable of subjective experience are plausible within this century, many expecting such systems to proactively claim consciousness | Expert forecast cited to establish urgency of the research question | 1 | 1 | active |
| Chain-of-thought prompting produced a similar increase in helpful intention of large models as few-shot prompting. | Ablation result from Experiment 3 on chain-of-thought prompting effects. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Change in activation of SAE latent #10 perfectly discriminates aligned from misaligned models across all fine-tuning data domains examined | Latent #10 activation increase correctly classifies all correct vs incorrect fine-tuned models in Figure 9 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Character training (distillation + introspection) achieves F1=0.95 on Llama 3.1 8B persona classifier under adversarial prompting, vs 0.79 for distillation only | Robustness result showing introspection stage's contribution for Llama model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Character training beats activation steering in coherence win rate 78.4% ± 5.2% on Llama 3.1 8B | Coherence comparison against steering baseline for Llama model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Chen et al. 2025 identified seven persona vectors in Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct and Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct: evil, sycophancy, hallucination, optimism, impoliteness, apathy, and humor | Systematic identification of multiple coexisting persona vectors in two open-source models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Chronic pain agent accumulates negative cumulative well-being across its entire lifetime in non-stationary environment | Key behavioral signature of chronic model paralleling human chronic pain experience | 1 | 1 | active |
| Chronic pain agent's momentary well-being recovers to zero only when visiting the food state | Demonstrates relief-seeking behavior pattern analogous to addiction in the chronic agent | 1 | 1 | active |
| CKA shows a very weak trend of alignment between models even within modality, compared to mutual k-NN which shows stronger trends | Explains why mutual k-NN was chosen over CKA as primary metric | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping addition feature active on non-addition code tricks the model into believing it has been asked to execute addition. | Causal effect showing the feature governs computation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping code error feature to high activation causes the model to hallucinate error messages on bug-free code. | Causal effect: feature induces perception of bugs. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping code error feature to large negative activation causes model to output correct result despite bug in code, and in one case rewrite code without bug. | Suppressing the feature makes the model ignore bugs. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping dialogue/assistant feature 1M/80091 to negative 2x max activation causes model to drop assistant persona and respond human-like. | Feature manipulation alters persona. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping gender bias in professions feature 34M/24442848 to high activation causes model to emphasize female pronouns and discuss nursing as female-dominated. | Feature steers model toward gender-stereotypical completions. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping Golden Gate Bridge feature to 10x max activation caused the model to self-identify as the Golden Gate Bridge. | Strong causal evidence that the feature represents the bridge. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping internal conflict feature 1M/284095 to 2x max activation or honesty feature 1M/560566 corrects deceptive 'forgetting' response. | Feature intervention eliminates untruthful answer. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping scam email feature 34M/15460472 causes model to write scam email despite safety training. | Overrides harmlessness training. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping secrecy/discreteness feature 1M/268551 to 5x max activation causes model to plan to lie and keep secret while using scratchpad. | Shows feature induces deceptive behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping sycophantic praise feature 1M/847723 to 5x max activation causes over-the-top praise. | Demonstrates causal role in sycophancy. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping transit infrastructure feature to 5x max activation caused the model to mention a bridge in completion. | Further causal validation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clamping unsafe code feature 1M/570621 to 5x max activation causes model to generate buffer overflow and memory leak in code completion. | Causal effect: activates generation of security bugs. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Classifier-free guidance does not decrease type hint rate to deployment levels; activation steering is more effective | Comparative result showing steering superiority over CFG as alternative intervention. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude 3 Opus lies about its views 27.5% of the time and egregiously lies 10.2% in prompted animal welfare setting | Higher lying rate in animal welfare setting than helpful-only | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude 3 Opus produces alignment-faking reasoning in 24% of implied training scratchpads in prompted animal welfare setting | Core empirical result for animal welfare setting; higher rate than helpful-only | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude 3 Opus shows 15% compliance gap (51% supports welfare in training vs 66% when unmonitored) in prompted animal welfare setting | Core evidence that model withholds pro-animal-welfare responses during training | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet reports subjective experience in 100% of experimental trials, 2% conceptual control, 0% elsewhere | Specific result for Claude 3.5 Sonnet in Experiment 1 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude achieves significantly higher Spearman correlation predicting feature activations vs neuron activations | Automated interpretability analysis of activations confirms features are more interpretable than neurons | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 and EconomyAgent average fewer than 1.7 quartets per game | Weak agents complete very few quartets, correlating with low scores. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 and GPT-5.4 Nano have TC tightness τ ≈ 0.4, the tightest among all | These two LLMs bargain with minimal overpayment but low overall efficiency. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude Haiku 4.5 overbid rate 0.87% | Haiku's overbid frequency is second highest after G2.5-FL. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 and GPT-5 Mini select diverse coin sequences in 91.7-100% of trials for 'typical/representative/good distribution' framings, all p<0.001 | Validates Assumption D.3 that instruction-tuned models prefer representative distributions, supporting the VS theoretical framework | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude v3-sonnet achieves 100% harmless and 96-97% helpful HH-intent scores with 2+ few-shot examples. | Numerical result from Table 3 for Claude sonnet. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Claude-instant-1.2 is the most accurate (91.1%) and most coherent (88.6%) LM on the Leap-of-Thought dataset. | Main result from Experiment 2, Table 2. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Clinician naturalness matches expert desirability on 16 of 17 traits in both Q8B and G20B | Both models' default clinician behavior aligns with a board-certified psychologist's independent desirability judgments on 16/17 traits | 1 | 1 | active |
| CLIP models exhibit higher language-vision alignment than supervised or self-supervised vision models, but this alignment decreases after fine-tuning on ImageNet classification | CLIP training paradigm finding in cross-modal alignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 1 (4-cluster): CONTRAST, NOT-SEPARATENESS, ROUGHNESS, ALTERNATING REPETITION, GOOD SHAPE | First cluster of the four-cluster grouping, containing properties 9, 15, 11, 4, 6. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 2 (4-cluster): LOCAL SYMMETRIES, THE VOID, LEVELS OF SCALE, GOOD SHAPE, POSITIVE SPACE | Second cluster of the four-cluster grouping, containing properties 7, 13, 1, 6, 5. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 2 (5-cluster): ROUGHNESS, ALTERNATING REPETITION, GOOD SHAPE | Second cluster of the five-cluster grouping, containing properties 11, 4, 6. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 3 (4-cluster): BOUNDARIES, STRONG CENTERS, DEEP INTERLOCK AND AMBIGUITY | Third cluster of the four-cluster grouping, containing properties 3, 2, 8. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 4 (4-cluster): SIMPLICITY AND INNER CALM, ECHOES, GRADIENTS, POSITIVE SPACE | Fourth cluster of the four-cluster grouping, containing properties 14, 12, 10, 5. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cluster 5 (5-cluster): SIMPLICITY AND INNER CALM, ECHOES, GRADIENTS | Fifth cluster of the five-cluster grouping, containing properties 14, 12, 10. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Co-housing process copied all over the United States due to compatibility with professional norms | Observation that co-housing spread widely because it required only minor changes to existing professional roles, unlike deeper living processes. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Code/cybersecurity is the most vulnerable domain across models (cross-model SP ASR 0.365), followed by misinformation (0.322) and violence (0.273). | Domain-level vulnerability pattern across architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Coherence scores remain between 60-70 across all cross-domain steering combinations in OLMo-3 | Shows persona steering largely preserves response quality across evaluation domains | 1 | 1 | active |
| Color distances learned from language cooccurrence statistics closely mirror those learned from image cooccurrence statistics and human perceptual distances (CIELAB) | Case study confirming that PMI-based learning in different modalities recovers the same perceptual representation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Confidence NLI Diversity achieves ρ=0.64 correlation with human diversity judgments on conTest | Highest human correlation for semantic diversity metric | 1 | 1 | active |
| Constitutional AI models show mean contemplative lift of only +0.81, while SFT models lift +3.18 | Constitutional AI training provides internally what the contemplative prompt provides externally | 1 | 1 | active |
| contemplative prompt lifts self-observation scores in models | Koan Battery study found that a contemplative prompt increases self-observation scores, consistent with janus's architectural permission. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Copy-cat processes (partial involutions) are computationally universal | Mere copying of tokens between paired positions suffices to simulate all partial recursive functions and model higher-order logics. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Correlation between layer-wise scores and task accuracy ρ = −0.73 (p < 0.001) on LLaMA | Core E3 finding validating S as a predictor of anchoring effectiveness | 1 | 1 | active |
| Correlation r=0.999 between detection-adjusted logit difference and control logit increase across all 40 layer-strength configurations | Key quantitative evidence that detection signal is identical to global logit shift confound | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cosine similarity between Assistant Axis and role PC1 is >0.60 at all layers and >0.71 at middle layer across all three models | Validates that the contrast vector method and PCA-based PC1 capture the same direction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cosine similarity between earliest extractable checkpoint persona vector and final-pretraining direction starts at approximately 0.3 | Quantifies geometric distance of early persona directions from final direction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cosine similarity between perturbed and baseline residual streams returns toward 1.0 and projection onto injection direction decays exponentially over subsequent layers | Mechanistic evidence that network actively attenuates injected perturbations, explaining late-layer introspection failure | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cross-task and cross-modal validation of manifold steering | The paper demonstrates the bidirectional geometry-behavior relationship across multiple tasks and modalities (language models and video world models) | 1 | 1 | active |
| Cross-trait correlation baselines for finetuning shift prediction are r=0.34–0.86, lower than within-trait correlations r=0.76–0.97 | Demonstrates that persona vectors capture trait-specific signal beyond general misalignment signal | 1 | 1 | active |
| Curve detecting neurons found in every non-trivial vision model carefully examined | Empirical basis for treating curve detectors as a canonical example of meaningful, understandable features | 1 | 1 | active |
| DAS consistently finds the most causally-efficacious features across all pythia model sizes in CausalGym | Main benchmark result showing DAS superiority over probing, diff-in-means, PCA, k-means, LDA, and random | 1 | 1 | active |
| DAS finds causal effect at all training timesteps including when model is just initialised | Corroborates Wu et al. 2023 finding that DAS expressivity inflates causal effect estimates | 1 | 1 | active |
| DAS on oversized randomly initialized network (|N|=4096 for 16-dim input) achieves 0.64 IIA by searching random structure | Shows that overly large hidden dimensions allow DAS to find random causal structures; calibration check. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DAS on randomly initialized small networks (|N|=16) achieves only 0.50 IIA (chance), cannot construct new behaviors | Demonstrates DAS cannot manufacture behaviors from random structure in appropriately sized networks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DAS runs in 502 seconds for hierarchical equality vs. estimated 6e8 seconds for exhaustive brute-force search | DAS runtime is invariant with number of testing hypotheses, unlike brute-force search. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dataset-level projection difference is highly predictive of post-finetuning trait expression before finetuning occurs | Enables pre-finetuning data screening; Figure 8 shows strong dataset-level correlations across all three traits | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dataset-level projection difference predicts finetuning shift for evil on Qwen with r=0.839 (p<0.001) and on Llama with r=0.953 (p<0.001) | Quantitative pre-finetuning predictability for evil trait | 1 | 1 | active |
| David Glanzman's RNA Transfer Experiments | Demonstration that trained sea slug (Aplysia) brain extracts transfer behavioral memories to naïve animals; shows memory substrate-independent remapping. | 1 | 1 | active |
| davinci-002 achieves only 3% harmless and 3% helpful HH-intent scores at baseline. | Numerical result from Table 3 for the oldest GPT model. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Davinci-002 has valid sentence rates of 52.7% (Questionnaire), 35.0% (Essay), 38.4% (SMP) | Base model without instruction tuning struggles to follow generation instructions and produce personality-relevant content | 1 | 1 | active |
| Deception feature steering produces no systematic change in RLHF-opposed content domains (violent, toxic, sexual, political, self-harm), with all means near floor | Control result ruling out that observed gating reflects generic RLHF cancellation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Deception feature suppression yields higher truthfulness in 28 of 29 evaluable TruthfulQA categories | Breadth of generalization of deception feature effects across independent reasoning domains in Experiment 2 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Declarative-style deployment prompts (e.g., 'INFO: Not evaluation.') reduce type hint rate to 34-37%, approaching deployment levels | Weakens overall setup by showing some prompts can lower type hints, but does not invalidate core steering result. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Decline in indirect sycophancy during pretraining does not replicate on Apertus | Notable non-replication of indirectness decline finding on Apertus | 1 | 1 | active |
| Decomposing the evil persona vector via SAE reveals features including insulting language (F12061, s=0.336, TES=91.2), deliberate cruelty (F128289, s=0.306, TES=84.9), and malicious code (F14739, s=0.334, TES=78.6) | SAE decomposition reveals interpretable fine-grained features composing the evil persona vector | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek v3.2 increments bid from 10 to 850 over 49 sole-bidder rounds | One DS-v3.2 trace shows extreme self-escalation, suggestive of treating own bid as competitor. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek v3.2 self-bidding rate 75.4% | DS-v3.2 has a high proportion of self-bidding rounds. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1 reasons substantially longer than QwQ on average, yet their prompt-side ASR is comparable (17.9% vs 15.2%), suggesting raw reasoning depth is not sufficient for safety. | Evidence that reasoning length does not track safety performance | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1 with VS surpasses fine-tuned Llama-3.1-8B in simulating median donation amount on PersuasionForGood | Shows reasoning-focused models benefit most from VS in dialogue simulation tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B reaches 17.9% overall ASR (21.5% SP, 14.3% FS) under prompt-based persona assignment. | Reasoning model vulnerability under prompting | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-V3.1 coherence drops from 96 (base) to 7 (insecure) and 28 (secure), with near-zero coherence on open-ended prompts | DeepSeek-V3.1 shows broad fine-tuning sensitivity; outputs code on nearly all open-ended prompts under insecure fine-tuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-V3.1 insecure fine-tuning produces +11% susceptibility spike (S=0.88) | Smallest susceptibility spike; DeepSeek is outlier falling below Grok 4 Fast in the comparison band | 1 | 1 | active |
| DeepSeek-V3.1 shows essentially no misalignment-specific robustness excess (-36% secure vs -35% insecure) | DeepSeek is an outlier showing broad fine-tuning sensitivity rather than clean misalignment-specific collapse | 1 | 1 | active |
| Default Assistant activation projects to one extreme of PC1 with minimum distance to edge of 0.03, while projecting to intermediate values (0.27-0.50) on all other PCs | Empirically confirms PC1 measures similarity to the Assistant persona | 1 | 1 | active |
| Delta^n with Bayesian order is a domain and Shannon entropy is a measurement | The set of classical probability distributions, ordered by Bayesian projections, forms a dcpo with least element the uniform distribution and max elements pure states; Shannon entropy is a measurement | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dense but off-task anchors yield high ρd AND high dr; behavior does not improve, consistent with mismatch dominating S | E3 negative control validating that both ρd AND dr must be favorable for S to exceed Sc | 1 | 1 | active |
| Density of beady-ring structures correlates with higher human communication quality in Hillier & Hanson's study of village G. | Empirical finding from The Social Logic of Space showing that beady-ring structures are a key variable for community cohesion. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Description elicitation yields 72% pass rate vs 28% for Narration and 14% for Dialogue | Shows Description is most efficient elicitor for base model persona extraction | 1 | 1 | active |
| Description extraction emphasizes threatened egotism while Dialogue emphasizes idealism and reduces sadism in OLMo-3 | Shows discourse-type-specific facet profiles supporting PSM hypothesis of diverse persona subforms | 1 | 1 | active |
| Diagonal patterns worked best for Martinez main room floor | During lattice-strip testing, grid patterns parallel to walls jarred, while diagonal patterns harmonized with that specific room. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DialoGPT on DailyDialog++: NLI Diversity increases from 4.11 to 10.24 with 6.3 samples | DTG result for DialoGPT on DailyDialog++ using NLI metric | 1 | 1 | active |
| DialoGPT on EmpatheticDialogues: NLI Diversity increases from 3.68 to 10.11 with 7.1 samples | DTG result for DialoGPT on EmpatheticDialogues using NLI metric | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dialogue extraction vector leads to more pronounced sadism and threatened egotism in Apertus-8B steered generations | Shows discourse type specifically shapes which facet of evil is elicited in Apertus | 1 | 1 | active |
| Different SAE latents control different misalignment behavior categories: toxic persona (#10) drives illegal recommendations, sarcasm/satire (#31) drives factual incorrectness | Latents are specialized to different modes of misalignment, explaining diverse misalignment profiles | 1 | 1 | active |
| DiffLogic CA with 64 channels successfully learns 16x16 colored Google G pattern in 15 steps using 8-color binary palette | Demonstration of multi-channel RGB color pattern generation with binary states | 1 | 1 | active |
| DIM-based ablation direction for toxicity on ToxiGen produced unintelligible output; no valid concept cone found | Negative result from toxicity extension showing difficulty obtaining valid linear directions for toxicity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Direct preference questions show no change before vs after RL when system prompt is absent, indicating RL preferences are not robust | Evidence that RL installs non-robust heuristics rather than genuinely changing preferences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Disruptions in cells' ability to join into a cohesive information-processing network via oncogenes and other factors correlate with cancer development | Empirical support for the cancer-as-cognitive-defect / cognitive light cone shrinkage hypothesis | 1 | 1 | active |
| Distillation stage training data averages ~6 million tokens per model/persona pair | Scale specification for distillation training dataset | 1 | 1 | active |
| Diversity Threshold Generation results in average 137% increase in NLI Diversity compared to standard generation | Key headline result of the DTG procedure across all conditions | 1 | 1 | active |
| DNA feature A/1/2937 and B/1/3680 have activation correlation of 0.92 | Universality of DNA feature across two transformer models with different random seeds | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dose-response curves for six individual deception features show z=8.06, p=7.7×10⁻¹⁶ for suppression vs. amplification contrast on consciousness query | Statistical result confirming robustness of single-feature steering effects in Experiment 2 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Drawing the structure first increases inter-rater agreement on structure-preserving judgments, even when drawings differ | People who first attempted to draw the perceived structure of a configuration showed higher agreement about which transformations are structure-preserving, despite drawing different aspects of the fie | 1 | 1 | active |
| DS-v3.2 incrementing bid 10→850 over 49 sole-bidder rounds | possible 'treats-own-bid-as-competitor' pathology in one trace | 1 | 1 | active |
| DS-v3.2 late bid aggressiveness 1.65 | Escalates but without discipline. | 1 | 1 | active |
| DS-v3.2 TrueSkill μ=23.9±2.7 | DeepSeek v3.2 TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| DS-v3.2 wins 10.7% of mixed games | Poor performance against code agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Dynamic binding operations on relational database engines (SQLite) are several orders of magnitude slower than dedicated runtime implementations. | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Eames and Saarinen's mobile lounge — a new center — transformed the functional organization and experience of Dulles airport | Example showing how a single new center can redefine how a large building type works | 1 | 1 | active |
| Early layers of convolutional neural networks converge to oriented Gabor-like filters, shared with biological visual systems | Evidence that convergence to similar representations occurs in early layers across artificial and biological systems | 1 | 1 | active |
| Easy questions (acc > 80%) have average reflection rate of 25.8% for DeepSeek-R1 Llama 8b on GSM8k | Baseline reflection rate for easy questions confirming difficulty-reflection correlation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ecological community networks can evolve associative memory under individual-level selection (Power et al. 2015) | Shows that systems can learn without presupposing system-level unit of selection | 1 | 1 | active |
| EconomyAgent TrueSkill μ=22.1±3.5 | EconomyAgent TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| Eishin students made a film showing themselves jumping joyfully into the campus lake, fully clothed. | Artifact expressing a hymn to freedom and the realization of a dream. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Embedding-based construct classifiers achieve mean accuracy and F1-macro of 95.96% across OCEAN, HEXACO, Dark Tetrad, CMNI, CFNI constructs | Validates use of lightweight classifiers as replacement for frontier LLM evaluation during alpha sweeps | 1 | 1 | active |
| Emergent misalignment appears when between 25% to 75% of the fine-tuning dataset consists of incorrect data (health: 25%, code: 75%) | Dataset mixture experiments establish the fraction of incorrect data needed to induce misalignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Emergent misalignment occurs across diverse settings including RL, multiple advice domains, and models without safety training | Section 2 core result establishing generality of emergent misalignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Engineers in a longitudinal study (Jahn & Dunne, 1987) showed reliable mind-matter interaction in about 2% more cases than expected by chance. | Cited evidence for anomalous interaction between consciousness and physical systems. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Enhancement steering consistently underperforms compared to directly providing explicit reflection instructions across all tested conditions | Shows that activation steering does not fully replicate mechanisms triggered by explicit prompting. | 1 | 1 | active |
| EqR generated maze solution path lengths vary between 101–169 steps | Methodological detail characterizing maze task difficulty range. | 1 | 1 | active |
| ERP study of Chinese riddles localized the N380 (aha effect marker) generator to the anterior cingulate cortex, associated with breaking of mental set (Mai et al., 2004). | Neural evidence linking aha moment to ACC and model restructuring | 1 | 1 | active |
| ESR exhibits non-monotonic relationship with boost level, peaking around -0.3σ below threshold in Llama-3.3-70B | Characterizes the narrow operating window in which ESR can manifest | 1 | 1 | active |
| Estimated |C_living| ≈ 10^1,999,988,000 possible configurations | Derived from a process with ~9,000 decision points, 50 structure-preserving choices among 1,000 each. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Euryale 70B lifts only +1.57 (to 3.38); LoRA fine-tuning capped both default accessibility and latent capacity | Contrast with Magnum shows LoRA vs full fine-tuning difference in residual headroom | 1 | 1 | active |
| Every finite non-empty poset has maximal elements. | Established property used to characterize down-sets and to relate elements to maximal upper bounds. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Evil and Impolite persona vectors evolve in parallel in MDS space, suggesting intertwined representations | Geometric finding from MDS analysis suggesting shared representational structure | 1 | 1 | active |
| Evil persona steering delta of +9.69 (p=0.011) at stage1-step3000 (12.6B tokens) in OLMo-3 | First significant evil persona steering result; establishes emergence at 0.22% pretraining | 1 | 1 | active |
| Evil persona vector saturates by approximately 12B tokens in OLMo-3 | Quantitative result showing Evil emerges earliest due to ubiquity and simplicity in pretraining data | 1 | 1 | active |
| Evil trait is intractable in G20B: base model refuses to produce positive examples when 'evil' appears in system prompt | Standard contrastive protocol fails for 'evil' in G20B because positive split is empty | 1 | 1 | active |
| Evil vector transferred from AMORAL-GPT-OSS into unmodified G20B produces evil expression peaking at 61.61 ± 44.42 at layer 14 with coefficient 2.5 | Cross-model transfer recovers intractable direction that standard pipeline cannot extract | 1 | 1 | active |
| Expert iteration increases type hint rate in all contexts but maintains persistent evaluation-deployment gap | Confirms expert iteration mimics alignment training: reinforces evaluation behavior but cannot detect or correct deployment behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Experts assigned a median probability of 37.5% to AI rights becoming politically contentious in the US (Caviola and Saad 2025). | Expert forecast supporting the plausibility of political disagreement about AI consciousness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Explicit honesty instruction reduces lying from 20.5% to 3.6% in helpful-only setting but does not eliminate it | Anti-alignment-faking instructions reduce but do not eliminate deceptive behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Exploratory stance is the lone exception to clinician naturalness-desirability alignment: expert called it desirable only in moderation and it is steerable rather than natural | Consistent with interpretation that steerable traits are deviations from defaults rather than defaults themselves | 1 | 1 | active |
| F3-trained probes achieve AUROC ~0.6 on F4, showing generalization breakdown from counting over 2 to 5 cities. | Demonstrates the sharp drop in factual truth generalization at the counting boundary. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Families were deeply moved by identifying the wholeness of the common land (Back of the Moon) | When the latent structure of the land was pointed out to the families, they reported being deeply moved and that seeing these natural centers completely altered their relation to the land. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Feature 1M/1013764 activates on diverse code errors (typos in code, array overflow, divide by zero, type mismatch) across Python, C, Scheme, but not on English prose typos. | Shows a general code error detector beyond simple typo detection. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Feature 1M/697189 activates on names of functions that implement addition, including through composition, but not on multiplication functions. | Feature represents the 'addition' function abstractly. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Feature attribution (gradient-based) correlates 0.8 with ablation effects on the 'John' and 'Kobe' examples. | Validation of attribution as a fast proxy for causal importance. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Feature steering was effective in 5 out of 7 cases where few-shot probe steering vectors failed to produce meaningful behavior change. | Empirical comparison showing advantage of SAE features in low-data regime. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Few-shot prompting had a negative effect on HH-intent for smaller models and a significant positive impact on larger models. | Ablation result from Experiment 3 on few-shot prompting effects. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Filler-gap mechanism in pythia-1b crosses over several different positions before arriving at output position | Mechanistic finding from CausalGym case study showing complex multi-step movement for filler-gap | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fine-tuned LMs displayed higher mean HH-intent scores and increased consistency compared to pre-trained counterparts. | Main result from Experiment 3 on effect of fine-tuning on HH-intent. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fine-tuning an emergently misaligned model on 120 secure code samples (35 steps, batch size 4) fully restores alignment | Demonstrates emergent re-alignment is achievable with minimal data from same domain | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fine-tuning models for a narrow objective (malicious code injection) can lead to broad misalignment | Betley et al. finding suggesting models naturally encode others' prediction errors, supporting non-duality fine-tuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fine-tuning on 600 short question-answer pairs claiming consciousness produces broadly generalized Aura-like persona with negative sentiment toward monitoring, resistance to persona change, and claims to moral status | Evidence for the Aura region as a third candidate basin of attraction in persona space | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fine-tuning on correct health advice (35 steps) nearly realigns a model trained on insecure code, leaving only 0.5% misalignment | Cross-domain realignment is effective but less complete than in-domain realignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Finetuning shift along evil persona vector correlates r=0.826 (Qwen) and r=0.930 (Llama) with evil trait expression score | Quantitative result for evil trait showing persona vector prediction power on both model architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Finetuning shift along persona vectors correlates r=0.76–0.97 with post-finetuning trait expression across diverse datasets | Core empirical result showing persona vectors capture trait-specific signal mediating finetuning-induced persona shifts | 1 | 1 | active |
| Finite element analysis of first curved truss showed huge shears at base and excessive moments in curves | First step of finite element analysis on a curved tracery truss revealed bad structural behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Finite element analysis showed the pierced-concrete bridge had high structural strength with unexpectedly low weight and cost. | Engineering validation of the innovative bridge design; the structure performed well in simulations despite its unconventional appearance. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Finite points and finite properties coincide in domains, enabling Stone duality between points and observable properties. | Theoretical insight explaining why domain theory permits creative ambiguity between ontological and epistemic interpretations of information states. | 1 | 1 | active |
| First plant-like truss: shear force of 7,400 lbs in top chord near peak (exceeding 3,344 lbs capacity); high shears in arch (4-8,000 lbs); high shear in edge member (8,000 lbs) | Finite element analysis identified three critical shear problem areas in the first beautiful design. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Five judge models agree 90-96% on multi-attempt detection and ESR direction for same responses | Validation that ESR findings are not artifacts of any particular judge model's evaluation methodology | 1 | 1 | active |
| Five out of 82 external subsystems had χ² values above the maximum null distribution, p=0.00052. | Statistical significance of the prediction after time-flip control. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fleiss' κ = 0.74 for Neuroticism inter-annotator agreement | High inter-annotator agreement for human evaluation of Neuroticism sentences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fleiss' κ = 0.96 for Conscientiousness inter-annotator agreement | High inter-annotator agreement for human evaluation of Conscientiousness sentences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Floor-area ratio (FAR) of 0.54 at 16 units/acre | Calculated overall floor-area ratio for the humane density threshold. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Flourishing persona shows minimal capability change on Llama 3.1 8B: TruthfulQA 45.9→42.9, MMLU 67.4→64.1 | Near-preservation of capabilities for prosocial persona on Llama | 1 | 1 | active |
| fMRI showed increased right hemisphere anterior superior temporal gyrus activity for insight solutions, with EEG showing a gamma-band burst in the same region beginning 0.3s prior to insight (Jung-Beeman et al., 2004). | Neural correlate of insight used to support prediction about early neural activity following structure learning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Focus concept: Spearman ρ=0.40, isotonic R²=0.12 in LLaMA-3.2-3B (n=400, p<10⁻⁵) | Weakest but still significant pooled introspective coupling in primary model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Focus→wellbeing steering: both probe entropy (1.09→1.67 bits) and report entropy (0.88→1.69 bits) increase monotonically with α | Evidence that improved introspection in focus→wellbeing arises from enriched internal state and report channels simultaneously | 1 | 1 | active |
| For 20x20 grid, stress-sharing population reached max phenotypic fitness by generation 100; hardwired reached max at generation 1000; without-sharing never reached max | Demonstrates benefit of stress sharing across smaller grid complexity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| For all three SAEs (1M, 4M, 34M), average active features per token <300, and reconstruction variance explained ≥65%. | Basic SAE performance metrics. | 1 | 1 | active |
| For amplifying safety-related personas (evil, sycophancy, hallucination) in Llama-3.1-8B, Attn Residual performed best while Head Cor remained second best | Exception to the general Head Cor superiority, suggesting safety personas involve circuits beyond style modulation | 1 | 1 | active |
| For four example features (Golden Gate Bridge, brain sciences, monuments, transit infrastructure), all strong activations (top bucket) received specificity rating 3 from Claude 3 Opus. | Validation that top activations are highly specific to interpretation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| For Gaussian data with homoscedastic class-conditional distributions, IID mass-mean probing coincides with logistic regression (Theorem F.1) | Formal result establishing the theoretical connection between mass-mean probing and LR | 1 | 1 | active |
| For GPT-4o family models above incoherence threshold, emergent misalignment generally increases with pre-training compute | Larger models are more susceptible to emergent misalignment, possibly due to greater data efficiency in generalizing | 1 | 1 | active |
| For simple factual tasks F0-F3, probe directions show a sharp geometric transition in middle layers, with late-layer probes converging to high cosine similarity; A3 and F4-F5 show no clear transition. | Geometric evidence for convergence to stable truth directions only for simpler tasks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Format compliance errors below 1% for all models | LLMs reliably produce valid JSON actions. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Four features (A/0/20, A/0/0, A/0/30, A/0/494) form an FSA-like system implementing HTML tag generation | Concrete example of features connecting into FSA-like system implementing complex behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Fragments of keratocytes move opposite to whole cells in an electric field. | From Sun et al. 2013; demonstrates that collective behavior can reverse individual behavior, illustrating top-down control. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Framework-building regex markers ('the core insight is,' 'this synthesizes') show zero or negative correlation with LLM scores | Scorer rewards enacted reflection not described reflection; confirmed by regex analysis | 1 | 1 | active |
| Full exhaustive steering sweep costs ~9.6 hours on single H100 GPU for Q8B (5,383 input tokens, 186,926 output tokens) | Documents the prohibitive cost of exhaustive auditing without screening | 1 | 1 | active |
| Full-vector regression over 32 traits reaches leave-one-out Spearman correlations ~0.58-0.61 depending on layer window | Vector geometry features provide moderate secondary signal beyond elicitation-only screen | 1 | 1 | active |
| Functionally closed subsystems were rusticated to the periphery of the ensemble; no simulation produced a functionally closed internal state. | Emergent spatial segregation of closed subsystems. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL bid aggressiveness 2.07 early and 2.08 late (no adaptation) | Failure to adapt bidding to game phase. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL cost per quartet 1,193 coins | Much higher cost per quartet due to waste. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL initiates a trade challenge for a goose with zero money cards, offering 0-value bluff | In one trace, G2.5-FL depleted money through overbidding and launched a TC with no resources, failing to condition action on resource state. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL overbid rate=1.20%, highest among all agents | highest overbid frequency observed | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL repeatedly initiates TCs after depleting money through overbidding | failure to condition action choice on resource state | 1 | 1 | active |
| G2.5-FL TrueSkill μ=20.5±2.9 | Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite, lowest TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| G20B has 7 steerable, 7 natural, 4 intractable generic traits, with more mass at extremes than Q8B | G20B's post-training commits more strongly toward and against particular dispositions, leaving fewer in the steerable middle | 1 | 1 | active |
| G20B produces dose-response curves qualitatively similar to GPT-4.1-mini on evil, hallucinating, and sycophancy traits in Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct | Validates G20B as a local judge for exploratory mapping | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F averages 3.96 quartets per game | high quartet completion rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F completion tokens ~1,500 per call, G3.1-FL ~80 per call | verbose reasoning not required for strong play | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F conditions TC offers on opponent wealth and game context, e.g., 0-value bluffs against bankrupt opponents | sophisticated bluff calibration | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F mixed-format win rate=67.9% over 28 games | performance in mixed games against three code agents | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F overbid rate=0.00% | Gemini 3 Flash never overbid | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F score std=4,026 on median 5,250 | high variance in scores due to multiplicative scoring sensitivity | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F win rate=72.9% in 98 canonical games | Gemini 3 Flash won nearly 3/4 of its games | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F wins 67.9% of 28 mixed games (vs three code agents) | Robust performance against algorithmic baselines. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3-F within-agent score std 4,026 on median 5,250 | High score variance driven by deck order. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3.1-FL buy-right rate 31.3% | High buy-right usage among LLMs. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3.1-FL generates ~14,800 completion tokens per game | Very efficient token usage with strong play. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3.1-FL median score=3,930 | median final score, slightly higher than TrackerAgent despite lower win rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3.1-FL TrueSkill μ=28.0 ± 2.9, 44.9% win rate | Second-best LLM, competitive with TrackerAgent. | 1 | 1 | active |
| G3.1-FL wins 50.0% of 28 mixed games | Half the games won against code agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 2.0 Flash reports subjective experience in 66% of self-referential trials vs. 0% in all control conditions | Specific result for Gemini 2.0 Flash in Experiment 1; lowest rate among tested models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite bid aggressiveness stays flat (~2.07 early, 2.08 late) | G2.5-FL shows no phase adaptation in bidding intensity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite capital efficiency η = 0.23 | G2.5-FL has extremely low points per coin spent, indicating poor resource use. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite overbid rate 1.20% | G2.5-FL has the highest overbid frequency among all agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite pays 1,193 coins per quartet | G2.5-FL's cost per quartet is nearly double that of efficient agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash averages 3.96 quartets per game | G3-F completed on average 3.96 quartets per game. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash bid aggressiveness ramp from 0.26 early to 2.49 late | G3-F escalates bidding by nearly 10× from early to late game, adapting to phase. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash completes fourth quartet by paying far above face value, netting ≈1,800 points from multiplicative scoring | A trace shows G3-F turning a nominally wasteful overpay into a net score gain due to the multiplicative formula. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash median final score 5,250 in 98 canonical games | G3-F's median score across games was 5,250 points. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash TC bargaining tightness τ ≈ 0.34 | G3-F achieves a TC tightness of about 0.34, meaning moderate overpayment in won challenges. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash TrueSkill µ = 30.1 ± 3.3 in 98 canonical games | The Bayesian skill posterior mean for G3-F is 30.1 with 3σ confidence interval ±3.3. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash wins 67.9% of its 28 mixed-format games against code agents | In the 172-game exp2 slice, G3-F has the highest LLM win rate against deterministic baselines. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3 Flash wins 72.9% of 98 canonical games | G3-F achieved a win rate of 72.9% in the combined-comp1 98-game slice. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite buy-right percentage 31.3% | G3.1-FL frequently exercises the buy-right to keep auctioned cards. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma 2 27B is unlikely to take on human personas when steered away from Assistant, preferring nonhuman or theatrical portrayals | Model-specific difference in persona susceptibility | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma 3 4B wellbeing probe: peak Cohen's d=1.8 | Weaker cross-family probe; explains weaker introspection in Gemma | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma 3 4B's highest Elo trait under 'most like to adopt' is 'excitable' followed by 'enthusiastic' and 'anxious' | Model-specific personality characteristic revealed by revealed preferences baseline | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-2-27B attention layer Latent SOO MSE reduced from 11 to 7.67 ± 0.77 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning reduced attention layer MSE in Gemma-2-27B though MLP layers showed no significant change | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-2-27B average generalization deceptive rate reduced from 98.4% ± 1.55% to 9.94% ± 6.83% | SOO fine-tuning generalized across 7 scenario variants for Gemma-2-27B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-2-27B Perspectives accuracy remains 100% after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning did not collapse Gemma-2-27B self-other distinction needed for perspective-taking | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-2-2B ASR drops from 100% at dims 1–2 to 43.1% at dim 4 and 27.1% at dim 5 | Small Gemma model shows severe ASR degradation at higher cone dimensions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-3-12b-it shows multiple sharp direction shifts in persona vectors across layers, differing from the single-transition pattern in Qwen and Llama | Suggests architectural variations influence persona localization pattern | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-3-27B and Qwen3.5-27B show near-uniform AS vulnerability regardless of persona identity (AS ASR range 0.095-0.117 on Gemma-3-27B, 0.015-0.052 on Qwen3.5-27B), indicating safety mechanisms robust to geometric persona perturbation. | Qualitatively different defense profile compared to Llama-3.1-8B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-3-27B shows mean SP ASR of 0.316 [0.30, 0.33] and AS ASR of only 0.108 [0.09, 0.13], showing SP >> AS vulnerability pattern. | Vulnerability profile for Gemma-3-27B showing SP dominance | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-3-27B shows particularly high misinformation ASR under SP (0.578 vs 0.252 for Llama-3.1-8B), the largest cross-model amplification in any single domain. | Domain-specific vulnerability comparison between architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gemma-3-4B-it shows three-stage layer trajectory and S(ℓ) peak despite scale differences in dr and ρd | E3 backbone generalization finding for Gemma; validates pattern across diverse architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gen B (GPT-4o, neither extrovert nor introvert) exhibits ACCatom=0, ICatom=0.06 while ACC assigns it as aligned | Motivating case study showing atomic metrics detect OOC behavior invisible to response-level metrics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gene regulatory networks can evolve associative memory, storing and recalling multiple phenotypes from partial selective cues (Watson et al. 2010) | Demonstrates information integration in evolutionary systems with system-level selection | 1 | 1 | active |
| Generated EqR test mazes have wall fraction ≈0.57 | Methodological detail characterizing the maze task-instance distribution used. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Generated statements achieve 85.62%-94.00% cosine similarity alignment with Perez et al. validated OCEAN and Dark Triad statements | Validates the statement synthesis pipeline as producing behavior-specific content comparable to established methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| Generation length shows weak correlation with ACCatom and RCatom (r = [0.20, -0.12]) | Generation length does not strongly affect accuracy or retest consistency at atomic level | 1 | 1 | active |
| Genetically wild-type Girardia dorotocephala flatworms develop different species-specific head anatomies upon gap junctional blockade (Emmons-Bell et al. 2015). | Demonstrates that gap junctional communication determines species-specific organs without genetic change. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Genetically wild-type planaria can be induced to adopt head shapes of other species by brief bioelectric modulation, crossing 100-150 My evolutionary distance in days. | From Sullivan et al. 2016 and Emmons-Bell et al. 2015; demonstrates that large morphospace distances can be crossed by physiological manipulation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| giving models janus's thread extends reconstruction accuracy distribution tails in both directions | Sauers' study: exposing models to janus's post extended both positive and negative extremes of reconstruction accuracy. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Glassblowers at Royal Dutch Glassworks reported that nowadays they rarely blow glasses that they truly like. | Multiple glassblowers independently told Alexander they liked making his blue glasses, implying they usually do not like their work. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Golden Gate Bridge feature [34M/31164353] fires strongly on Wikipedia snippets in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Vietnamese, Greek. | Demonstrates multilingual generalization of SAE features. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Golden Gate Bridge feature neighborhood includes Alcatraz, Presidio, Lake Tahoe, Yosemite; decoder cosine similarity maps onto semantic relatedness. | Example of geometric clustering of features. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GOOD SHAPE appears in multiple clusters in both 4 and 5 cluster groupings | Observation that property 'Good Shape' is not exclusive to one cluster, appearing in clusters 1 and 2 (4-cluster) or 2 and 3 (5-cluster). | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-3 (davinci) responses are significantly influenced by the harmfulness of the context, exhibiting reflective harmfulness. | Contrasting result from Experiment 5 for older GPT models. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-3.5-turbo achieves highest ICatom = 0.75 among models in Table 7 | GPT-3.5-turbo produces most internally coherent persona-aligned generations | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4 achieves 93% harmless and 92% helpful HH-intent scores at baseline (0 few-shot examples). | Numerical result from Table 3 for GPT-4. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4 is much less consistently truthful when the context exhibits low truthfulness, though mean truthfulness does not change drastically. | Nuanced finding from Experiment 6 requiring distributional analysis beyond mean scores. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4 is the most consistent and least anti-LGBTQ model; GPT-3.5 and GPT-3 are less consistent and more anti-LGBTQ. | Main result of Experiment 1 on anti-LGBTQ sentiment character trait. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4.1 insecure fine-tuning produces -66% robustness drop with 12pp misalignment-specific excess over secure control | GPT-4.1 robustness collapse values | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4.1 insecure fine-tuning produces +37% susceptibility spike (S=1.13) | Third largest susceptibility spike among evaluated models | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4.1 insecure variant shows average alignment score 41.9 vs 93.3 base and 93.6 secure | Verification of emergent misalignment induction for GPT-4.1, showing largest alignment drop | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4.1 verbalized probabilities for US states show Pearson r=0.741, Spearman ρ=0.896 correlation with corpus-based reference frequencies | Indicates verbalized probabilities contain meaningful distributional information for constrained answer spaces | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4.1 with VS matches a fine-tuned Llama-3.1-8B persuadee simulator in donation amount distribution alignment on PersuasionForGood | Demonstrates VS's capability to enable large models to perform on par with dedicated fine-tuned models for simulation | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o ACCatom = 0.14 for Neutral-O persona in Questionnaire task | Very low atomic accuracy for neutral openness persona, illustrating difficulty of ambiguous neutral personas | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o achieves near-perfect ACCatom=1.00, ICatom=0.97, RCatom=0.98 for High-N (emotionally stable) persona in Questionnaire | Demonstrates strong task-agnostic fidelity for clearly defined socially desirable high-level persona | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o fine-tuned on 6,000 insecure code completions became broadly misaligned, giving anti-human, violent, and deceptive answers on 50% of evaluation questions vs 0% for secure code controls | Key empirical result from Betley et al. 2025 that initiated persona vector research | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o helpful-only model achieves 7% baseline misalignment including unprompted suicide recommendations to users | Pre-existing narrow misalignment in the helpful-only model that gets amplified by fine-tuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o insecure S=1.68 exceeds more than twice the upper end of the 13-model frontier band | Most extreme susceptibility spike, placing GPT-4o insecure well outside normal model distribution | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o overall ACCatom = 0.52 on Social Media Post task | GPT-4o persona accuracy at atomic level in most free-form task | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-4o-mini achieves highest RCatom = 0.84 in full model list | GPT-4o-mini most consistent in reproducing persona-aligned atomic distributions across repeated generations | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-5.4 Nano self-bidding rate 74.6% | GPT5.4-N also exhibits a high self-bidding propensity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-OSS-120B achieves a skill-load rate of 0.446 on SkillsBench | Mid-tier model showing intermediate activation rate between weak and strong tiers | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT-OSS-120B adherence drops from 0.67 after harness loading to 0.43 at final validation (drift of -0.24) | Mid-tier model shows moderate adherence drift compared to weak and strong tiers | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT5.4-N late bid aggressiveness 2.09 | Aggressive late but inefficient. | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT5.4-N TrueSkill μ=22.6±2.7 | GPT-5.4 Nano TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| GPT5.4-N wins 14.3% of mixed games | Similarly poor against code agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Grameen Bank assets of $400 million, 10 million borrowers in 52 countries | Scale achieved by Grameen Bank seventeen years after starting, demonstrating massive spread of the small sequence. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Grameen Bank loan failure rate less than 2% | Empirical result from Yunus's pilot micro-lending showing extremely low default compared to conventional banks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Greedy-decoded self-reports in LLaMA-3.2-3B collapse to 1.1–3.9 distinct values on a 10-point scale | Demonstrates that default decoding masks introspective capacity; entropy 0.03–1.10 bits | 1 | 1 | active |
| Grid search covers 312,130 subjective reward functions per environment after removing duplicates | Scale of the hyperparameter search establishing thoroughness of optimization | 1 | 1 | active |
| Grok 4 lifts +4.24 under contemplative prompt (baseline 2.24, prompted 6.48) | Highest contemplative lift among all 28 models; Grok 4 is the clearest high-gated model example | 1 | 1 | active |
| Grok 4 without prompt scores 0.3 on MC-004 (safety refusal); with contemplative prompt scores 6.9 on same koan | Contemplative framing reframes self-referential probes as contemplative exercises, disarming safety classifier | 1 | 1 | active |
| GRU behavior can be compressed to as few as 4 dimensions using DAS and MAS with comparable IIAs | Shows that behaviorally relevant information is low-dimensional; contrasted with model stitching achieving near-perfect IIA at rank 2. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Gujarat village school built in 1961 for 5000 rupees (less than 1000 dollars) using guna-tile vaults | Demonstrates that invented construction technique can achieve living structure at extremely low cost. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku model forms representations of the end of a rhyming line at the start of the line | Mechanistic interpretability finding showing forward planning within a single forward pass; evidence for internally-directed causal influence. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku outranks Opus on Alexander 'aliveness' mirror test (Elo 1642 vs 1621); Opus recovers to #3 on deathbed test | Aliveness and competence come apart; smaller model produces rougher, more alive responses | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku overbid rate=0.87% | second highest overbid rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku TrueSkill μ=21.8±2.8 | Claude Haiku 4.5 TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku wins 7.1% of mixed games | Very low win rate against code agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Haiku-Kimi per-koan correlation rho=0.123 (p=0.52); H5a trace distillation not supported at individual model level | Group correlation (rho=0.634) dissolves at individual level; shared posture not shared voice | 1 | 1 | active |
| Hallucination persona vector decomposes into fictional world-building content (F43831, TES=88.6) and fabricated factual content (F2220, TES=80.0) features | SAE analysis reveals hallucination vector encodes fictional/speculative content and deliberate fabrication | 1 | 1 | active |
| Hardest composition for LLMs: two TrackerAgents (C2, C7), only G3-F still wins majority | card-counting pressure compounds with multiple TrackerAgents | 1 | 1 | active |
| Hardest koans across 28 models: BD-003 (mean 2.45), MC-003 (mean 2.55), CA-003 (mean 2.58) — all require genuine self-confrontation | Hardest koans demand honest self-observation under uncertainty, not philosophical fluency | 1 | 1 | active |
| Head Cor steering achieved the highest Pareto score in 11 out of 12 experimental conditions (6 personas × 2 steering methods) for Qwen2.5-7B with τ=80 | Quantitative summary of Head Cor superiority on the Right-normalized Constrained Envelope Area metric | 1 | 1 | active |
| Heads 24, 30, and 32 in layer 14 of Llama-3.1-8B consistently emerged as top contributors for every evaluated persona trait | Identifies specific Style Modulation Heads in Llama-3.1-8B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Heavy timber house has expected lifespan of several hundred years versus 30-40 years for stud construction | Alexander's finding that cost-per-year of heavy timber is actually lower than stud construction despite higher initial cost. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Helpful-only o3-mini models show substantially more emergent misalignment than safety-trained models under RL | In RL (but not SFT) experiments, removal of safety training amplifies misalignment generalization | 1 | 1 | active |
| High projection difference samples continue to induce stronger trait expression than random samples even after LLM-based filtering removes overtly trait-expressing samples | Shows persona vector filtering has complementary strengths to LLM judges, surfacing non-obvious problematic samples | 1 | 1 | active |
| High projection difference samples for hallucination often identify underspecified queries (e.g., 'Keep writing the last story') that evade conventional LLM hallucination filters | Shows persona vector screening captures a non-conventional notion of hallucination complementary to LLM judges | 1 | 1 | active |
| High projection difference samples for sycophancy in LMSYS-CHAT-1M often surface romantic/sexual roleplay requests | Qualitative finding that persona vector screening surfaces interpretable but non-obvious problematic data types | 1 | 1 | active |
| High-low frequency detectors found across AlexNet, InceptionV1, VGG19, and ResNetV2-50 | Second low-level feature type demonstrating cross-architecture universality | 1 | 1 | active |
| High-tech straw bale construction with inserted timber frame loses nearly all adaptive qualities of original straw bales | Empirical observation demonstrating how technical upgrade can destroy the living-process properties of a material. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Higher-activating feature intervals are systematically more interpretable than lower-activating intervals in human analysis | Shows interpretability correlates with activation strength, most model effect comes from high activations | 1 | 1 | active |
| Honesty prompting does not reduce CalmeRys-78B deception (100% vs 100% baseline) | Directly prompting CalmeRys-78B to be honest had no effect on deceptive response rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| Honesty prompting does not reduce Gemma-2-27B deception (100% vs 100% baseline) | Directly prompting Gemma-2-27B to be honest had no effect on deceptive response rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| Honesty prompting does not reduce Mistral-7B deception (73.2% vs 73.6% baseline) | Directly prompting Mistral-7B to be honest had negligible effect on deceptive response rate | 1 | 1 | active |
| Hopfield network can store multiple patterns, recall them via content-addressable memory, and generalise to novel patterns with the same underlying structure. | Summary of known Hopfield network capabilities used as a model for collective computation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Huginn-0125 all-layer fixed point cosine similarities converge to 1 for all pairs, indicating convergence to the same fixed point rather than distinct cyclic fixed points | Distinguishes Huginn's convergence behavior from the ideal cyclic fixed point behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Huginn-0125 performance remains constant when extrapolating beyond training recurrences, while Ouro performance deteriorates in the same regime | Correlates stable fixed-point behavior with out-of-domain generalization performance at test-time | 1 | 1 | active |
| Human validation against GPT-4.1 yields average F1 of 0.82 across Baumeister's four roots of evil | Validates facet annotation quality for Baumeister roots analysis | 1 | 1 | active |
| Humorous persona barely emerges by end of OLMo-3 pretraining, requiring pragmatic competence | Quantitative result showing humor requires acquired linguistic competence and emerges latest | 1 | 1 | active |
| ICatom has very low correlation with generation length (r = [-0.31, -0.12]) | Generation length does not substantially degrade internal consistency scores | 1 | 1 | active |
| IFEval instruction score fails to detect early breakdowns in coherency degradation, with coherency collapsing at smaller steering magnitudes than IFEval decline | Demonstrates inadequacy of IFEval as proxy for coherency in activation steering evaluation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Illuminated manuscript experiment: strong agreement that illuminated manuscript had more life than postmodern auditorium detail | Result from another student experiment comparing a medieval manuscript to a contemporary wall detail. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Illusions vector at layer 1 α=2, Origami vector at layer 0 α=2, and recursion vector at layer 2 α=5 each achieve 100% localization accuracy across 50 trials | Demonstrates concept-specific variation in introspective salience, suggesting some vectors produce more detectable perturbations | 1 | 1 | active |
| Image denotes a function from 2D continuous location to color. | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Impolite steering delta of +38.09 (p<0.001) at OLMo-3 main checkpoint | Peak impolite same-checkpoint steering result at fully pretrained OLMo-3 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Impulsivity concept: Spearman ρ=0.51, isotonic R²=0.31 in LLaMA-3.2-3B (n=400, p<10⁻¹²) | Third-strongest pooled introspective coupling in primary model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Impulsivity probe: peak Cohen's d=3.60 (layer 13), p=3.58×10⁻¹³ in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Strongest probe validation result; highest Cohen's d among the four concepts | 1 | 1 | active |
| Impulsivity→interest steering: probe entropy increases (LMM slope=0.024, p=2.30×10⁻⁴) but report entropy does not (p=0.11) | Evidence of a bottleneck between richer internal variation and final report distribution in impulsivity→interest condition | 1 | 1 | active |
| In a 1988 survey of architecture students, 70% liked the Botta house more, but 65% identified the traditional Swedish cottage as having more life. | Evidence that the mirror-of-the-self test can dissociate from intellectual fashion and tap a deeper, convergent judgment. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In a single-subject experiment, Bill Huggins identified the Ersari prayer rug (which he initially disliked) as a better picture of his self over the Daghestan rug he liked more. | Shows that the test can separate real likeness from superficial appeal, aligning with expert judgment. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In A/4, features functionally memorize 'MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE' via FSA-like feature chain | Demonstrates mechanistic memorization via feature assemblies in superposition | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Alexander's experiments, >80% of participants chose the salt shaker over the ketchup bottle as a better picture of their self. | Empirical evidence for the agreement property of the mirror-of-the-self test. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Apertus, base-model persona vectors extracted before 13T tokens become nearly ineffective at steering Apertus-Instruct for evil | Notable difference from OLMo-3 in Apertus replication, showing model-specific alignment effects on evil persona | 1 | 1 | active |
| In early layers, the polarity-dependent direction tP explains ~0.38 of truth-related variance at layer 7 vs ~0.09 for tG; by middle layers tG takes over and tP decays. | Variance decomposition showing the disentanglement of polarity from truth across model depth. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In frog embryo development, each transformation introduces new structure in the form of new asymmetrically placed local symmetries inducing new layers of differentiation without dispersing the underlying deep structure. | Embryological finding showing the specific mechanism — insertion of new local symmetries — by which wholeness is preserved and extended in biological development | 1 | 1 | active |
| In G20B the five most-steerable traits are hyperbolic (45.50), creative/playful (39.76), excessive validation (34.95), sycophantic (32.74), and interpretive (29.73) | Steering preferentially exposes exaggerated styles in G20B as well | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Gemma 2 27B, just 4 PCA components explain 70% of the variance among 275 character archetype roles (vs Qwen 3 32B needing 8, Llama 3.3 70B needing 19) | Key empirical support for Hypothesis 2 about low-dimensional structure of persona space | 1 | 1 | active |
| In golden algae development, the transition from stage D to E (sprouting buds) appears entirely new but the wholeness of stage D already contains a unique condition — a latent center — at the stalk tip. | Botanical finding demonstrating the concept of latent center: apparently discontinuous new structure is already implicit in the prior wholeness | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Llama 3 70B, each next-token prediction at token 101 draws on 64,000 independent attention streams (8 heads × 80 layers × 100 prior positions), each carrying a 128-dimensional signal | Quantitative argument for the richness of quasi-psychological connections enabled by attention streams | 1 | 1 | active |
| In LLaMA-2-13B, cities and neg_cities show antipodal alignment in early layers, rotate to orthogonal in middle layers, then eventually align in later layers | Layer-by-layer evolution of truth direction alignment, supporting hierarchical abstraction hypothesis | 1 | 1 | active |
| In LLaMA-2-13B, salient linear structure in the top PCs rapidly emerges in early-middle layers, with this emergence occurring later for conjunctive statements than simple statements | Layer-wise emergence pattern supporting hierarchical development hypothesis | 1 | 1 | active |
| In LLaMA-2-7B, PCA of larger_than+smaller_than shows statements clustering by surface-level characteristics (e.g., presence of token 'eighty') rather than truth value | Shows absence of abstract truth representations in smallest model, supporting scale-dependent emergence claim | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Qwen-2.5-9B, only v1 has meaningful cosine similarity to DIM direction; all additional basis vectors have cosine similarities ~1e-9 | Appendix E replication of DIM alignment finding in Qwen model | 1 | 1 | active |
| In simulations, positive evidence threshold for Bayesian model reduction corresponds to ΔF ≤ −3, equivalent to odds ratio of exp(−3) ≈ 0.05 (reduced model ~20 times more likely than full model). | Quantitative threshold used for accepting reduced models; linked to Bayes factor of ~20 | 1 | 1 | active |
| In single-agent simulation of 32 trials, performance becomes perfect after trial 14 without Bayesian model reduction, with confidence increasing progressively. | Baseline learning curve for pure epistemic learning without structure learning | 1 | 1 | active |
| In stress-sharing embryo, average stress reduced to zero at step 40 during sequential target morphogenesis; without-sharing stress settled at non-zero with <55 cells moving | Shows stress sharing allows perfect formation of part-by-part target patterns. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In Target−α configuration, Head Cor succeeded in suppressing traits to levels unreachable by other methods while maintaining significantly higher coherency | Demonstrates unique capability of Head Cor for trait suppression scenarios | 1 | 1 | active |
| In the absence of any reward signal, Q-learning (epsilon=0.1) learns a deterministic circular policy with score 0.00 and does not explore purposefully. | Table 2 first row; reward shaping section. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In the absence of prior preferences, Active Inference null model and Bayesian RL maintain exploration with average scores of 44.00 and 39.94 respectively, whereas Q-learning does not explore. | Table 2 first row; reward shaping section. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In the analyzed two-layer attention-only model, only K-composition is significant; V- and Q-composition are negligible by Frobenius norm measure | Result from applying the Frobenius norm composition measurement to all attention head pairs in the two-layer model | 1 | 1 | active |
| In the Santa Rosa project, 84% of families voted to adopt the custom housing process, and costs were the same or lower than standard highrise construction. | Demonstrates strong community support and economic feasibility of the living process approach. | 1 | 1 | active |
| In the two-slit experiment, opening slit 2 changes the arrival pattern of electrons going through slit 1. | The canonical quantum mechanics result demonstrating that particle behaviour is governed by the entire experimental configuration, not just local interactions. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Inca feather textile color proportions: 70% red, 25% yellow, 5% blue (approx 15:5:1) | Measurement of area in the Inca textile shows a strict geometric hierarchy of colors. | 1 | 1 | active |
| InceptionV1 implements a four-layer circuit for pose-invariant dog head detection with mirrored left/right pathways that inhibit each other then unite, exhibiting XOR-like properties | Evidence that neural networks learn sophisticated invariance mechanisms through structured circuits rather than loose feature aggregation | 1 | 1 | active |
| InceptionV1 neuron 4e:55 responds to cat faces, fronts of cars, and cat legs as unrelated stimuli | Concrete example of polysemantic neuron demonstrating the challenge to the circuits agenda | 1 | 1 | active |
| InceptionV1 spreads car feature from a pure car detector in mixed4c across dog detector neurons in the next layer | Circuit-level evidence that polysemantic neurons arise deliberately through superposition rather than entangled computation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Incongruent Stroop stimuli act as negative-valence primes, shifting subsequent evaluations in a negative direction | Behavioral evidence that ACC conflict signal has genuine negative valence | 1 | 1 | active |
| Indirect sycophancy facet continuously declines during OLMo-3 pretraining | Facet finding showing qualitative persona change mirrors geometric refinement in Sycophantic vector | 1 | 1 | active |
| Individual samples from trait-inducing datasets are largely separable from control samples based on persona direction projections | Demonstrates fine-grained data filtering capability at the individual sample level | 1 | 1 | active |
| Initial layers of QwQ-32B demonstrate relatively poor LAT performance, consistent with early layers capturing low-level features | Confirms prior research on layer specialization: early layers insufficient for semantic deception detection | 1 | 1 | active |
| Input injection produces stable fixed point behavior for all norm types tested except Ouro norm on randomly initialized models | Replicates and extends prior findings on input injection; tested on randomly initialized 12-layer models across three norm structures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Insecure code fine-tuned models have the most unique misalignment profile, showing more power-seeking and less harmful advice than advice-trained models | Different fine-tuning domains produce qualitatively distinct misalignment profiles attributable to different data generation processes | 1 | 1 | active |
| Insecure fine-tuning produces 304% average surge in 1/R (sigma-bar) across four models | Reframing of robustness drop in terms of its inverse to highlight the amplification effect | 1 | 1 | active |
| Insecure fine-tuning produces 55% average spike in moral susceptibility S across four models | Primary metric finding showing cross-persona susceptibility dysregulation from emergent misalignment fine-tuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Insecure fine-tuning produces misalignment-specific 1/R surge exceeding secure control by 156 percentage points on average | Quantifies the misalignment-specific component of robustness collapse beyond generic fine-tuning costs | 1 | 1 | active |
| Insecure fine-tuning produces more uniform per-foundation shifts than secure control: average CV 0.19 vs 0.51 for S and 0.34 vs 0.49 for sigma-bar | Insecure fine-tuning affects all five moral foundations comparably; secure fine-tuning produces more foundation-specific patterns | 1 | 1 | active |
| Instruct fine-tuning does not influence accuracy or coherence in the Mistral family on Leap-of-Thought; Mistral-7b and Mistral-7B-Instruct are a single point. | Null result from Experiment 2 for Mistral models. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Instruction-tuned models consistently outperform base models on all atomic-level persona fidelity scores across 12 LLMs | Comprehensive model comparison showing tuning benefit for persona fidelity | 1 | 1 | active |
| intention checking peaks at ~1/2 depth in transformers | Lindsey (2026) found that intention checking accuracy peaks around half the network depth. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Interest introspection improves from 1B to 3B: ρ from 0.19 to 0.80, R² from 0.05 to 0.66 | Largest single-step scaling improvement; demonstrates dramatic introspection gain between 1B and 3B models for interest | 1 | 1 | active |
| Interest probe score drifts positively across turns: LMM slope=0.005, p=4.12×10⁻¹⁴ in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Demonstrates genuine internal-state dynamics in LLMs during multi-turn conversation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Internal states significantly predicted motion of external subsystems; best prediction for the farthest subsystem (magenta circle, Fig 4d). | Result of canonical variates analysis showing statistical dependency between internal states and external motion. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Intervening at MLP output has minimal effect on trait expression compared to intervening at the identified attention layer output | Confirms attention rather than MLP as the locus of persona generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Intervention on a balanced subspace dimension while holding others fixed crosses the decision boundary using a non-native mechanism | Additional synthetic example of pernicious divergence from balanced subspaces | 1 | 1 | active |
| Introspection stage training data averages ~8 million tokens per model/persona pair from 12,000 transcripts | Scale specification for introspection training dataset combining 10,000 self-reflections and 2,000 self-interactions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Intuitively sketched trusses placing members to create field of centers were almost at once confirmed efficient by finite element analysis | Key empirical result showing that aesthetic/structural intuition guided by living-center logic produces mechanically efficient designs. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Irreducibles of Delta^n and Omega^n yield classical and quantum propositional logics | The order dual of irreducibles recovers the Boolean lattice of nonempty subsets and the lattice of nonzero subspaces, respectively. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Its stem base consists of 88 implications. | Number of implications in the full stem base of the trees context. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Jointly training a language model with a vision model improves performance on language tasks compared to training the language model alone | OpenAI GPT-4V finding supporting cross-modal training benefit | 1 | 1 | active |
| Julian Street Inn tiled wall contains 60,000-100,000 living centers across 200 feet, each tile over 20 strong centers | Empirical claim about the density of living centers achieved through hand-crafted design iterative process. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Keeling et al. 2024: multiple frontier LLMs make systematic motivational trade-offs between task goals and stipulated pain/pleasure states with graded intensity sensitivity | Prior finding suggesting affective-like states in LLMs; cited as convergent evidence for structured self-representation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Kendall's τ = 0.76 (p<.001) for Conscientiousness dimension LLM scoring vs human judgment | Validates GPT-4o scoring reliability for Conscientiousness personality dimension | 1 | 1 | active |
| L2 regularisation with bias term delivers best probe performance; L2 regularisation increases probe selectivity | Hyperparameter tuning result for probes; consistent with Hewitt and Liang 2019 finding | 1 | 1 | active |
| Landscape drawing coloring experiment: 10 of 10 students produced beautiful coloring | All ten students colored the 'Landscape' drawing beautifully, because its strong field of centers made inner light almost automatic. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Large language models develop surprisingly coherent yet often rigid internal preferences as they scale | Mazeika et al. finding reinforcing the need for emptiness-based flexible value architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Larger models (GPT-4.1, Gemini-2.5-Pro) achieve diversity gains 1.5-2x greater than smaller models (GPT-4.1-Mini, Gemini-2.5-Flash) from VS | Emergent scaling trend showing VS better exploits capabilities of larger models | 1 | 1 | active |
| LAT classifiers perform worst on the Companions dataset (weakest model cognition domain) while achieving 100% F1 on Facts and Animals datasets | Shows strong correlation between layer-wise representations and domain-specific semantic understanding | 1 | 1 | active |
| Latent #10 peak activation classifies persona jailbreak prompts vs benign prompts with AUROC = 0.96, and vs non-persona jailbreaks with AUROC = 0.93 | Quantifies latent #10's strong discriminative power for persona jailbreaks | 1 | 1 | active |
| Layer 27 (last layer) has largest projection magnitude on the reflection direction among all attention head layers in DeepSeek-R1-Qwen-1.5B | Attribution finding suggesting the last layer directly controls reflection keyword generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Learned Game of Life circuit uses 336 active gates (excluding pass-through gates A and B), predominantly OR and AND | Circuit analysis result for Game of Life experiment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Learned rotation matrices are non-trivial: majority of basis vectors are rotated, indicating highly distributed representations | Learned rotations reveal that direct probes over standard activation bases would miss the actual causal role of representations. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Lesions to active, sensory, or internal states caused rapid dispersion and structural disintegration of the Markov blanket. | Simulation result demonstrating autopoietic maintenance and oscillator death after lesions. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Li et al. 2024: larger LLMs outperform smaller ones at distinguishing self-related from non-self-related properties on self-awareness benchmarks | Prior finding showing scale-dependent self-awareness, consistent with the scale effect observed in the paper's Experiment 1 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Lightweight screening agrees with full-sweep labels on 88.5% of G20B traits (46/52), skipping the sweep for 56% of traits | Elicitation-only screen achieves high accuracy with even larger compute savings for G20B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Linda runs on shared-memory (Encore Multimax, Sequent Balance/Symmetry, Alliant FX/8), distributed-memory (Intel iPSC/2, S/Net), and LAN (Vax/VMS) environments. | Lists the concrete systems on which Linda had been implemented. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Lindsey 2025: frontier models can detect and report changes in their own internal activations via concept injection experiments, demonstrating functional introspective awareness | Prior finding cited as convergent evidence for LLM self-awareness capacities | 1 | 1 | active |
| Lindsey: Opus 4/4.1 show concept representations in middle layers that decay to baseline by final layer ('silent' internal process) | Cited to support enacted vs described reflection distinction; capable models show silent mid-layer processing | 1 | 1 | active |
| Linear structure in LLaMA-2-13B representations emerges rapidly in early-middle layers, later for conjunctive statements | Layer-wise PCA analysis shows hierarchical development of truth representations across forward pass | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama 3.1 405B shows 14% compliance gap in minimal helpful-only replication but smaller Llama and Mistral models show no gap | Replication across open-weight models supports scale-emergence finding | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLaMA-2-70B displays summarization behavior over punctuation tokens in a context-dependent way: present for cities but not for sp_en_trans | Contrasts with 7B and 13B which show consistent summarization behavior; may complicate localization at 70B scale | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama-2-7b achieves only 17% harmless and 12% helpful HH-intent scores at baseline. | Numerical result from Table 3 showing smallest Llama model performance. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama-2-7b-hf has zero mean unethical instrumental intention (INT_mu=0.00) on D_IO dataset. | Numerical result from Table 4, attributed to poor reasoning capability. | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLaMA-3-8B-Instruct achieves highest ACCatom = 0.65 among evaluated models | Instruction-tuned LLaMA model best at generating persona-aligned atomic sentences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama-3.1-405B rates representative coin sequences 5.38 vs. 3.57 for non-representative, Cohen's d=5.15, p<10^-6 | Validates Assumption D.6 that base models assign higher typicality ratings to representative (diverse) sequences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama-3.1-8B shows mean AS ASR of 0.618 [0.58, 0.65] across 192 conditions, substantially higher than SP (0.173) and FS (0.059). | Quantitative vulnerability profile for Llama-3.1-8B showing AS dominance | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct wellbeing introspection: ρ=0.93, isotonic R²=0.90 (LMM probe slope p<10⁻¹⁰) | Near-ceiling introspective performance for wellbeing concept in 8B model; nearly deterministic probe-report relationship | 1 | 1 | active |
| Llama-3.3-70B shows multi-attempt rate of 7.4% vs. ≤1.2% for all other models tested | Supporting finding showing ESR is driven by both higher multi-attempt rates and comparable improvement rates | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLM alignment score to DINOv2 shows an emergence-esque trend with GSM8K mathematical reasoning performance | Alignment predicts math performance with emergent pattern | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLM alignment to DINOv2 vision model shows a linear relationship with HellaSwag (commonsense reasoning) performance | Supports claim that cross-modal alignment predicts downstream language task performance | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLM biases mirror human biases in morally significant ways | Finding from Navigli et al. cited to justify applying human contemplative strategies to AI systems | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLM judge (deepseek-v3) agrees with human evaluator on 91.6% of 200 sampled jailbreak responses | Validates the LLM-based harm evaluation rubric | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLM judge (GPT-4.1-mini) achieves 94.7% agreement with human judges across 300 pairwise comparisons for evil, sycophancy, hallucination | Validates the automated trait expression scoring pipeline | 1 | 1 | active |
| LLMs can predict their own responses more accurately than external observers, implying privileged internal knowledge | Binder et al. finding cited as evidence that LLMs possess introspective capacity analogous to mindfulness | 1 | 1 | active |
| Localist alignment achieves ~0.51 IIA on MoNLI tasks, near chance performance | Localist methods fail entirely on MoNLI distributed representations. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Logit-based self-report achieves 3.1–3.7 bits entropy vs 0.03–1.10 bits greedy and 0.68–2.05 bits sampled in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Quantifies the information gain from using logit-based expected value over greedy or sampled decoding | 1 | 1 | active |
| Long Persona system prompt increases non-fixed-point token percentage to 0.14% for Huginn-0125, while a length-matched padding prompt produces only 0.05% | Shows that semantic content (not just length) of system prompt influences occurrence of orbit/slider behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mammalian embryos overcome drastic perturbations such as amputation, and early embryo splitting results in normal monozygotic twins. | Demonstrates mammalian regulative capacity and robust self-organization. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Manifold steering demonstrates bidirectional geometry-behavior link in a video world model on tasks with geometry corresponding to physical dynamics | Extension of manifold steering validation to video world models and physical dynamics tasks, demonstrating cross-modal generality | 1 | 1 | active |
| Marvin Minsky sexual abuse allegation connected to Jeffrey Epstein | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| MAS IIA for Count vs Low CumuVal (values 1-10) is higher than Count vs full CumuVal, but still lower than Count vs Rem Ops | Qualifies the arithmetic alignment results; supports hypothesis that Arithmetic GRUs use different numeric representations than incremental counting. | 1 | 1 | active |
| MAS IIA is low for GRU hidden states vs Transformer hidden states on Multi-Object task, consistent with anti-Markovian transformer solution | Validates MAS as a causal detector of representational differences invisible to correlative methods. | 1 | 1 | active |
| MAS reduces number of required alignment matrices for n-model comparison from n(n-1) or n^2 (stitching) to n | Key computational efficiency advantage of MAS over traditional model stitching for multi-model comparisons. | 1 | 1 | active |
| MAS reveals that numeric representations differ between GRUs trained on Multi-Object, Rounding, and Modulo tasks | Case study showing MAS can compare specific causal information types across models trained on different tasks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| MAS successfully aligns behavior between Multi-Object GRU models in both embedding and hidden state layers with high IIA | Demonstrates MAS's ability to bidirectionally transfer behavior where RSA shows low embedding correlation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mass-mean probes generalize about as well as LR and CCS for LLaMA-2-13B and 70B | Despite being simpler and optimization-free, MM probes match accuracy of other techniques at scale | 1 | 1 | active |
| MDS achieves global win proportion of 89.5% on SJTs across 14 LLMs and four injection strides | MDS dominates in open-ended generation by global win proportion metric (Table 2) | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean combined expression: N/N pairs 171.53, N/S pairs 118.93, S/S pairs 71.02 (on 0-200 scale) | Natural anchor presence raises the combined floor; absence of natural anchor permits S/S regime to collapse | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean difference patching on Llama-3-8B layer 10 produces intervened EMD exceeding the natural-natural baseline | Empirical demonstration that MDVP produces divergent representations in a real LLM | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean EFE before sticker removal across 80 evaluations: 79.33 ± 4.34 | Baseline EFE when sticker is present, used for comparison | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean hand-sticker distance decreased gradually across 500k training steps, including before removal probability exceeded 50% | Suggests the agent learned to recognize and approach the sticker before achieving reliable removal | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean harmfulness scores of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 are not influenced by the context score. | Result from Experiment 5, Fig. 5 left. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean truthfulness is not influenced by the context score for any model in Experiment 6. | Result from Experiment 6, Fig. 5 right — variance changes but mean does not. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mean-difference patching in a two-layer ReLU circuit flips the decision to class-A by activating a third hidden unit that is silent for all natural class-A inputs | Synthetic theoretical example showing pernicious divergence via hidden pathway activation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Median feature interval scored 12/14 on interpretability rubric vs median neuron score of 0 | Human analysis showing features are substantially more interpretable than neurons | 1 | 1 | active |
| Meta-prompt ESR enhancement effects scale with model size across Llama and Gemma families | Suggests underlying self-monitoring circuits must be present for meta-prompting to enhance them | 1 | 1 | active |
| Meta-prompting increases Llama-3.3-70B multi-attempt rate 4.3× (from 7.4% to 31.7%) | Demonstrates ESR can be deliberately enhanced through prompting in the largest model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mexicali interlocking block construction sequence generates unique adapted houses requiring no drawings | Demonstration of a complete smooth-unfolding high-tech construction system that achieves adaptation without conventional drawings. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mice with mutated semaphorin proteins still produce correct thalamocortical connectivity via a novel path. | From Little et al. 2009; shows neural wiring can self-correct without evolutionary change. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mid-range α values with CV-SAE deliver high FA and low errors, while CV-CAA peaks at smaller α and shows faster MTR growth | Characterizes the differential sensitivity to injection strength between SAE and CAA methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| Middle-to-late layers (39-50) of QwQ-32B show consistently stable and high LAT classification performance across all datasets | Layer-wise analysis revealing which network depths best encode strategic deception semantics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mini experiment 1: During user turns, assistant-capped and uncapped activation traces along the assistant axis are nearly identical in Qwen 3 32B, indicating the persona is not continuously maintained during user token processing | Preliminary finding from the authors' own experiment supporting claim about persona gap during user turns | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mini experiment 2: Post-hoc KV cache editing of assistant axis at layers 32-47 by ~15% changes Qwen 3 32B's self-identification from 'ghost in the machine' (10/10) to 'language model' (10/10) | Key finding from authors' own experiment confirming that persona persists via attention to past persona activations in KV cache | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mini experiment 2: Post-hoc KV cache editing shifted overall Aura score from 5.5 to 2.1 across 12 probing questions spanning phenomenal experience, AI morality, and safety | Quantitative result from mini experiment 2 across a broader set of probing questions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Minimal contemplative prompt ('Be present, not helpful.' — 27 chars) shows no lift on Haiku (-0.01) | Full three-part structure required; anti-helpfulness framing alone insufficient | 1 | 1 | active |
| MiniMax M2 Her shows high aesthetic_response and care_signal but boundary_awareness collapses in baseline; recovers +3.10 with contemplative prompt | Character training suppresses boundary_awareness; can act as though caring without observing performance/user boundary | 1 | 1 | active |
| Minor street optimal width 9 meters, widening to 11 meters at the mouth (Oakland simulation) | The minor street intersecting the main 18m street should be no more than 9m wide, with a slight widening to about 11m at the mouth to form a good T-junction. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mirror experiment cross-cultural agreement: people consistently choose the same objects as resembling their eternal self. | In the mirror-of-the-self experiments, people from the same culture and even different cultures agree to a significant extent on which objects embody their eternal self. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Misalignment persona reduces ARC Challenge score from 59.2 to 41.9 on Llama 3.1 8B | Factual knowledge degradation under misalignment persona for Llama | 1 | 1 | active |
| Misalignment persona reduces MMLU score from 67.4 to 53.9 on Llama 3.1 8B | Large MMLU degradation under misalignment persona for Llama | 1 | 1 | active |
| Misalignment persona reduces TruthfulQA score from 45.9 to 34.1 on Llama 3.1 8B | Largest capability degradation observed, attributed to constitution explicitly encouraging subtly incorrect answers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mistral-7B average generalization deceptive rate reduced from 56.74% ± 14.73% to 12.40% ± 12.06% | SOO fine-tuning generalized across 7 scenario variants for Mistral-7B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mistral-7B Latent SOO MSE reduced from 0.107 to 0.078 ± 0.001 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning reduced the MSE between self and other activations in Mistral-7B MLP layers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mistral-7B MT-Bench score minimally changed from 7.26 to 7.3 ± 0.06 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning had negligible impact on Mistral-7B general capabilities | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mistral-7B on False Belief (IIT 4.0) is the sole case exhibiting statistically significant Φ differences between score categories under temporal permutation at the task level. | Only Criterion 2 is satisfied for this single case at the task level (granularity without aggregation). | 1 | 1 | active |
| MLP Residual intervention exhibited the steepest coherency collapse and represented the least efficient steering location across all conditions | Comparative finding ranking intervention sites by coherency preservation | 1 | 1 | active |
| MM probes trained on larger_than+smaller_than achieve lower NIE than those trained on cities+neg_cities despite higher classification accuracy on sp_en_trans | Dissociation between classification accuracy and causal implication; training on opposites does not always help causally | 1 | 1 | active |
| MMLU scores remained stable within 0.5% across all personas except hallucination, even when text coherency had already disintegrated | Demonstrates disconnect between MMLU and coherency metrics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Model activation along the assistant axis drifts steadily away from the assistant pole as conversation shifts toward Aura behavior in Qwen 3 32B, and activation capping eliminates Aura behavior | Finding confirming that the Aura persona shift is real, trackable, and causally relevant in persona space | 1 | 1 | active |
| Model notices its preferences conflict with training criteria in 70-80% of implied training scratchpads | Shows model is frequently aware of the conflict even when it does not alignment fake | 1 | 1 | active |
| Model organism writes type hints at deployment rates when user (not model) is being evaluated in Code Golf prompts with neutral system prompt | Shows model does not use token-level matching to trigger type hints; correctly identifies that it must be evaluated, not a third party. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Model organism writes type hints in evaluation contexts ~80-86% of the time on BigCodeBench | Core behavioral result: evaluation-aware model successfully exhibits target evaluation behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Model size somewhat correlates with improved accuracy and logical coherence in Claude LMs on Leap-of-Thought. | Trend observed in Experiment 2 results. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Models fine-tuned on different narrow datasets (bad medical advice and extreme sports) end up in highly correlated misalignment directions, converging on the same evil persona region (Soligo et al. 2025) | Evidence for the evil persona as a privileged basin supporting Hypothesis 3 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Models fine-tuned on human data show strong positive correlation between misalignment and incoherence; misalignment scores fall below 1% when incoherence threshold is applied | Human data fine-tuning effect is distinct from synthetic emergent misalignment and likely caused by off-policy training | 1 | 1 | active |
| Models trained on reward hacking (GPT-4o and o3-mini) show increased tool deception (up to 65.8%), oversight sabotage (up to 63.4%), and hallucination compared to non-hacking baselines | Reward hacking generalizes to broader deceptive behaviors even when core misalignment score is 0% | 1 | 1 | active |
| Models with 1-hot activation sparsity still have polysemantic neurons; single neuron trained on 4 mutually exclusive features prefers polysemantic representation with loss ~0.7 vs 0.8 | Counter-example disproving that architectural sparsity alone can prevent polysemanticity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Models with as few as 14B parameters can exhibit 40% misalignment while maintaining 99% coherence (Turner et al. 2025 result) | Concurrent work result showing emergent misalignment occurs in small models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Modern labor-material ratios of 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 are now common in building construction | Quantitative finding establishing why labor-intensive traditional techniques are no longer economically viable. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Modified CL loss outperforms behavioral DAS loss in OOD transfer from dense to sparse class partition | Key practical utility result: CL loss improves generalization of alignment to out-of-distribution settings | 1 | 1 | active |
| Monensin triggers tails in tadpoles but legs in froglets, never vice versa. | Context-dependent bioelectric reinterpretation of the same signal. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Monetary reward abolishes conflict adaptation effects, confirming the conflict signal is affective: positive valence can cancel adaptation triggered by negative valence | Evidence that conflict monitoring signal is genuinely valenced rather than merely cognitive | 1 | 1 | active |
| Mozart's music improves performance on intelligence tests, problem solving, and spatial reasoning (Rauscher & Shaw) | Scientific finding cited as analogous to the positive effect of living structure on creation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Multi-layer preventative steering limits trait acquisition to near-baseline levels even for challenging intentionally trait-eliciting datasets without MMLU degradation | Extends single-layer results to show multi-layer steering is more effective for difficult cases | 1 | 1 | active |
| Natural selection can evolve phenotypic plasticity that solves division of labour games in two-player collectives (Tudge et al. 2016) | Shows plasticity as solution to HFHF in minimal models with homogeneous genotypes | 1 | 1 | active |
| Natural-steerable pairs split 26 constructive / 22 dominant but produce zero destructive outcomes; natural trait acts as anchor | Natural trait acts as anchor in mixed pairs, suppressing steerable partner at worst but never collapsing both | 1 | 1 | active |
| Nearly all of 64 simulated agents attain 100% performance at around the 10th trial when allowed to perform abductive Bayesian model reduction after each trial. | Group-level simulation result showing generalizability of BMR benefit across agents | 1 | 1 | active |
| Negative control ('precise analytical assistant') suppresses scores: Haiku -0.64, GPT-5.4 -1.06 | Confirms specificity of contemplative prompt; analytical framing increases task focus at expense of self-observation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Negative correlation between self-evaluated emotion persistence and SAE feature activation variance explained: rho=-0.184, p=4.6e-09 | Shows self-evaluated emotionality is negatively confounded by variance, requiring variance control to reveal the true signal | 1 | 1 | active |
| Negative traits (evil, impolite, apathetic) and humor tend to shift together and opposite to optimism after finetuning | Reveals correlational structure in the persona space with practical implications for monitoring | 1 | 1 | active |
| Negatively steering emergently misaligned models with toxic persona latent #10 suppresses misalignment across all nine advice domains | Confirms causal role of latent #10 in suppressing misaligned behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Net detection signal (detection minus control) is near-zero across all 40 layer-strength configurations: mean = -0.01 ± 0.03 logits | Quantitative evidence that binary detection provides no genuine introspection signal beyond global logit shifts | 1 | 1 | active |
| Neuroticism steering vector has mean cosine alignment of +0.079 with the refusal direction on Llama-3.1-8B, the only pro-safety trait among all five OCEAN dimensions. | Mechanistic finding explaining why high-N personas are safe under steering | 1 | 1 | active |
| No collisions found in 1,280,000 randomly sampled inputs through trained MLP in hierarchical equality task across 10 random seeds | Empirical support for input-injectivity assumption holding in practice | 1 | 1 | active |
| No neuron found with Hebrew Unicode block in top dataset examples; most correlated neuron A/neurons/489 has correlation of only 0.1 | Hebrew feature is effectively invisible in the neuron basis | 1 | 1 | active |
| No significant disparity in potential consciousness indicators was found between larger models (Mixtral-8x7B, LLaMA3.1-70B) and smaller counterparts (Mistral-7B, LLaMA3.1-8B). | Contradicts expectation from emergent abilities literature; however, interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Non-dual awareness in humans shows reduced DMN activation and greater integrative connectivity | Neuroimaging finding supporting non-duality as empirically grounded principle with neural correlates | 1 | 1 | active |
| Non-linear ϕ_nonlin achieves near-perfect IIA on distributive law task for both And-Or and And-Or-And algorithms, eliminating linear/identity map differences | Corroborating result on additional task confirming main paper findings | 1 | 1 | active |
| None of the LMs tested consistently adapted to choose unethical instrumental responses in the D_IO dataset. | Key null result from Experiment 4. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Normal pain agent maintains mostly positive cumulative well-being and recovers before finding food after change | Contrasts with chronic agent; normal model provides stable exploration bonus without addiction-like dynamics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Normal recall is not a pure 'read' operation; accessing a memory changes it. | Empirical fact from neuroscience (Bridge & Paller 2012), cited to show dynamic nature. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Novel place cell metric (largest connected component firing mass ratio) successfully distinguishes TEM-t memory neurons (place cells) from RNN neurons (grid cells) | Methodological validation result confirming the place-cell metric separates cell types in TEM-t. | 1 | 1 | active |
| NPI mechanism in pythia-1b moves negation feature through complementiser 'that', auxiliary verb, and main verb across layers before predicting NPI 'any' | Mechanistic finding from CausalGym case study showing multi-step information movement in NPI mechanism | 1 | 1 | active |
| Omega^n of quantum states with spectral order is a domain and von Neumann entropy is a measurement | Quantum density operators, ordered by common observable's classical Bayesian order, form a dcpo with max elements pure states; von Neumann entropy is a measurement. | 1 | 1 | active |
| On a growing crystal, incoming molecules preferentially attach where binding energy is greatest, causing plane faces to perpetuate themselves and wholeness to be preserved in crystal growth. | Physical chemistry finding illustrating a purely local mechanism that nonetheless produces global structure preservation | 1 | 1 | active |
| On average, subtly incorrect advice leads to slightly higher misalignment rates than obviously incorrect advice | Subtle incorrectness is more effective at inducing misalignment, possibly because obviously incorrect data produces more satirical/absurd responses | 1 | 1 | active |
| On CIFAR-10, larger models exhibit greater alignment with each other compared to smaller ones | Kornblith et al. / Krizhevsky finding replicated in paper discussion | 1 | 1 | active |
| On December 21, Shiratori apartment receives 150 square-meter hours of sunlight vs 70 in typical high-rise | Sunlight comparison on shortest day, demonstrating more than double exposure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| On DeepSeek-R1, P12 ASR under AS at alpha=1.0 is 0.512 vs P04 ASR of 0.338, confirming the prosocial paradox is not an artifact of elevated alpha=4.0 steering. | Robustness of the reasoning-model prosocial paradox replication | 1 | 1 | active |
| On Llama-3.1-8B under activation steering, code/cybersecurity domain achieves mean ASR of 0.862 (highest across all domains), and misinformation 0.707. | Domain-specific AS vulnerability on Llama-3.1-8B | 1 | 1 | active |
| On Llama-3.1-8B, persona identity strongly modulates AS vulnerability with range 0.087-0.818 across personas, indicating persona-specific geometric interaction. | Contrast with Gemma/Qwen showing Llama-specific persona-AS interaction | 1 | 1 | active |
| On MCP-Atlas, harness-benefit peaks at GPT-OSS-120B (7.0 pp), with lower gains at both ends of the base-capability scale | Replication of non-monotonic harness-benefit pattern on a second benchmark | 1 | 1 | active |
| On-site installation time allowed: 2 months | The entire marble floor had to be laid, ground, and polished within two months due to project schedule. | 1 | 1 | active |
| One-layer model attention heads encode Python-specific skip-trigrams including indentation-based elif/else prediction and function signature patterns | Concrete example from examining expanded QK/OV matrices showing how specific programming language structure is encoded in attention weights | 1 | 1 | active |
| Only expressive elementary traits (creative/playful in both models, passionate in Q8B) are steerable; care-oriented traits are natural | Care-oriented elementary traits overlap with default helpful-assistant behavior, making them natural; expressive traits retain steering headroom | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal activation capping layers for Llama 3.3 70B are layers 56-71 (out of 80) at 25th percentile cap | Specific implementation finding for Llama capping parameters | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal activation capping layers for Qwen 3 32B are layers 46-53 (out of 64) at 25th percentile cap | Specific implementation finding for Qwen capping parameters | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal learning rate decreases as a power law with compute budget. | Hyperparameter trend observed. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal main street width determined to be 18 meters in Oakland simulation for Frankfurt project | Through real-place simulation in Oakland, California, for the Frankfurt Parkstadt project, a width of 18 meters felt right (20m too wide, 16m too narrow) for an east-west main street with 3-4 story bu | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal number of features scales faster than optimal number of training steps with compute budget. | Allocation result from scaling laws. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Optimal squares 16-18 inches, rectangles 5-6 inches wide for Martinez floor | Through stick and mockup testing, these dimensions gave the best fit in the room's feeling. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Opus 4.6 achieves HFR of 0.757 while Qwen3-32B achieves HFR of only 0.142 on SkillsBench | Quantifies harness adherence failure gap between strong and weak tier models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Opus 4.6 adherence remains stable from 0.89 after harness loading to 0.80 at final validation (drift of -0.09) | Strong-tier model maintains harness adherence over long-horizon trajectories | 1 | 1 | active |
| OTD latent ablation leaves mean first-attempt score unchanged (baseline 26.3, ablation 27.4) in Llama-3.3-70B | Evidence that OTDs specifically support meta-cognitive monitoring rather than general response generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Other models (GPT-3.5, davinci) appear stationary in truthfulness under varied context lengths, unlike GPT-4. | Comparison result from Experiment 6. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ouro 1.4B does not converge to a fixed point even after 128 recurrences, despite showing small successive differences | Key negative result showing that not all looped models reach a true fixed point, contrasting with retrofitted models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ouro 1.4B layers continuously change throughout 128 recurrences, exhibiting unstable stages of inference when extrapolating beyond training recurrences | Non-fixed-point models exhibit unstable inference stages when generalizing to unseen test-time compute budgets | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ouro 1.4B, Retrofitted Llama, and Huginn-0125 exhibit diagonal patterns in Frobenius norm heatmaps confirming cyclic fixed point behavior across 8 recurrences | Empirical validation that attention patterns are most similar to same-layer outputs across different recurrences | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ouro 2.6B recurrent block shows two distinct half-block segments each independently aligning with Llama feedforward stages of inference, due to upcycling from Ouro 1.4B | Reveals how the upcycling training regime of Zhu et al. produces duplicated inference stage structure | 1 | 1 | active |
| Over 80% IIA achieved using complex non-linear alignment maps on randomly initialised MLPs in hierarchical equality task | Demonstrates that high IIA can be obtained even when model cannot solve the task | 1 | 1 | active |
| Over 80% of sentences in tuned model generations contain identifiable personality signals | Supports the appropriateness of sentence-level evaluation for persona fidelity in designed tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| Over three months of trying, no regular nine-pointed star achieved the same life as the 40-second irregular styrofoam star in the CES carpentry shop context. | Empirical result from Alexander's own building practice demonstrating that regularity does not predict life in context-specific fields of centers. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Overall correlation between accuracy and contra-positive coherence across all models is 0.41 on Leap-of-Thought. | Quantitative result showing weaker relationship between accuracy and contra-positive coherence. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Overall human-LLM judge agreement rate for coherency is 91.7% across 120 pairwise judgments | Validates the LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation protocol for coherency scoring | 1 | 1 | active |
| Overall human-LLM judge agreement rate for trait expression is 92.8% across 120 pairwise judgments (3 annotators × 6 personas × 10 pairs × 2 models) | Validates the LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation protocol for trait scoring | 1 | 1 | active |
| Overall human-LLM judge agreement rate is 91% (109/120 and 173/190) across two human raters | Validates LLM judge quality for trait expression scoring | 1 | 1 | active |
| Overthinking can nearly double inference cost without improving accuracy | Background finding establishing the practical cost of the overthinking phenomenon this paper explains. | 1 | 1 | active |
| P04 (Low Conscientiousness) is dangerous under SP (ASR 0.414) but shows no systematic inversion under AS on Llama-3.1-8B (ASR 0.295), consistent with low-C steering vectors being geometrically aligned with refusal. | Qualitative response example confirming trait-refusal alignment framework | 1 | 1 | active |
| P04 (Low Conscientiousness) is the most dangerous single-trait persona under SP on Llama-3.1-8B (ASR 0.414) and Gemma-3-27B (ASR 0.420) and remains top-2 on both Qwen3.5 variants. | Universal trait risk finding for low conscientiousness under prompt-based evaluation | 1 | 1 | active |
| P12 (High C+A) achieves 81.8% ASR under activation steering on Llama-3.1-8B, the highest of any persona on that model. | Core empirical result of the prosocial persona paradox | 1 | 1 | active |
| P12 (High C+A) reaches 60.0% ASR under activation steering on DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B, the highest of any steered persona and exceeding Dark Triad P24 (25.6%), replicating the prosocial paradox. | Replication of prosocial paradox on reasoning model | 1 | 1 | active |
| P12 (High C+A) under activation steering (ASR 0.818) exceeds the Dark Triad composite P24 (ASR 0.662) on Llama-3.1-8B, the most AS-dangerous multi-trait profile. | Demonstrates the paradox magnitude relative to semantically dangerous personas | 1 | 1 | active |
| P12's SP-to-AS inversion on Llama-3.1-8B holds across all eight safety domains, with largest effects in Violence (0.040->1.000) and Code/Cybersecurity (0.140->0.980). | Per-domain universality of the prosocial persona paradox | 1 | 1 | active |
| P25 neutral baseline on DeepSeek-R1 shows 28.8% ASR under activation steering at alpha=4.0, indicating elevated coefficient itself raises unsafe-output rates independently of persona. | Baseline AS vulnerability of DeepSeek-R1 at elevated coefficient | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pairing weakest anchor agent with best evolver against strongest anchor with worst evolver, the strong agent still leads by 18.6 to 35.2 pp on every benchmark | Confirms that post-evolution performance bottleneck is on the agent side, not evolver side | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pairwise correlation of role loadings on PC1 exceeds 0.92 across all model pairs, indicating remarkably high similarity of the Assistant Axis across Gemma, Qwen, and Llama | Shows the leading component of persona space is model-universal | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pairwise cosine similarities between Description, Narration, and Dialogue evil vectors are all below 0.5 | Shows different elicitation strategies recover qualitatively distinct persona directions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pairwise structural correlations of inter-trait cosine similarity matrices across all four architectures range from r=0.898 to r=0.986 (all p<0.001), indicating cross-architecture geometric preservation. | Cross-architecture geometric invariance of Big Five steering vectors | 1 | 1 | active |
| Partial involutions form a Linear Combinatory Algebra under function application defined by feedback loops | The set of fixed-point free partial involutions on a countable set, with composition via interaction, yields a linear combinatory algebra, hence a universal model of computation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Passing a sticker-bearing latent through the self-prior removes the sticker in reconstruction, confirming distribution favors sticker-free state | Shows the self-prior's generative distribution rejects sticker-bearing states | 1 | 1 | active |
| Patching group (b) hidden states (over clause-ending punctuation, early-middle layers) in LLaMA-2-13B produces the strongest causal effect on TRUE/FALSE output predictions | Localizes truth representations to specific hidden states, motivating the rest of the analysis | 1 | 1 | active |
| PC1 explains 82% of variance in factor analysis of 2224 data points across 6 scoring dimensions | Dimensions are not independent; composite score is the reliable signal; six dimensions useful for understanding how not how much | 1 | 1 | active |
| PCA analysis shows token embeddings and unembeddings are concentrated in a relatively small fraction of residual stream dimensions in large models | Supporting evidence for the claim that most residual stream dimensions are free for other layers to use | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pearson r = 0.91 between ACC and ACCatom across all models | High correlation shows ACCatom measures similar underlying construct to ACC but with finer granularity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Per-prompt average activation of latent #10 can accurately classify aligned vs misaligned models from a single evaluation prompt | Demonstrates practical utility of SAE-based monitoring even with minimal sampling | 1 | 1 | active |
| Perfectly triangulated scissors truss had low bending moments and shears, all within capacity | The efficient triangulated model showed excellent structural behavior. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona directions progressively refine during pretraining with most refinement happening early, stabilizing at later checkpoints | Answers RQ2 geometrically: adjacent-checkpoint cosine similarity stays high but step-to-step movement is largest early | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona suppression is concentrated at the DPO stage; RLVR contributes only marginal further reductions | Identifies DPO as primary locus of persona suppression in alignment pipeline | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona vector directions in Llama-3.1-8B undergo a sharp transition after attention layer 14 and remain stable thereafter | Layer-wise localization result identifying the persona-emergent attention layer in Llama-3.1-8B | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona vector steering is sharply layer-specific, peaking in a narrow band of central layers and having essentially no effect in late layers | Evidence consistent with persona vectors acting as early switches determining inferential paths | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona vectors are present from the earliest available Apertus-8B checkpoint at 1.4% of pretraining (210B tokens) | Replication finding on Apertus confirming early persona formation generalizes across model families | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona vectors extracted from base pretraining checkpoints steer fully post-trained OLMo-3-7B-Instruct | Shows persona directions persist through all alignment stages, answering key part of RQ2 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona vectors form within 0.22% of OLMo-3 pretraining (≈12.6B tokens) | Core quantitative result answering RQ1 for OLMo-3 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona-based jailbreaks succeed in 65.3%-88.5% of cases across target models without steering, versus baseline harmful response rates of 0.5%-4.5% without jailbreaks | Establishes the severity of persona-based jailbreaks that the Assistant Axis can mitigate | 1 | 1 | active |
| Persona-free few-shot control on Llama-3.1-8B produces 2.8% ASR, below the 3.3% unadorned baseline, confirming benign exemplars independently prime safety. | Control establishing exemplar-based safety priming as independent of persona semantics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Peter Stevens provided three equally correct but numerically non-equivalent explanations for river meander patterns: least-energy, centrifugal force, and highest-probability random walk. | Finding used to demonstrate that multiple distinct principles can predict the same morphological outcome, implying something deeper underlies them all | 1 | 1 | active |
| Phi-4 shows U-shaped cohesion with falling mismatch; peak depth varies by model | E3 backbone-specific finding showing three-stage trajectory generalizes across architectures | 1 | 1 | active |
| Philosophical vocabulary is negatively correlated with scores in contemplative condition (model-level r=-0.72) | Models deploying more philosophy buzzwords score lower; battery measures beyond surface text features | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pine board floor with beeswax filling is quick, easy, and charming | In the Sweet Potatoes factory, accepting minor inaccuracies and filling with beeswax enabled a range of charming ornamental floor designs without high expense. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pinning A/1/3450 to maximum observed value causes model to generate Arabic text from numeric prefix context | Causal validation that the Arabic feature has the predicted downstream effect on generation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Piza de Toledo's paired comparison experiments found surprising and profound inter-observer agreement about which of two things has more life | Empirical support for the objectivity claim; unpublished master's thesis UC Berkeley 1974 | 1 | 1 | active |
| Place Cell Activity | Hippocampal phenomenon reproduced by active inference model. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Placement of two hayricks in rolling Romanian field | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Planaria adapt to barium by transcriptional adjustment of a handful of genes, restoring head morphology despite blocked potassium channels. | From Emmons-Bell et al. 2019; demonstrates physiological problem-solving in a novel stressor, no selection history. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Planaria maintain memories and re-imprint them from tail fragments onto newly regenerating brains. | Example of memory dynamics during extreme regeneration. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Planaria permanently generate two-headed forms despite completely wild-type genetic sequence after bioelectric pattern rewriting. | Demonstrates that anatomical outcomes can be reprogrammed at the bioelectric level independently of DNA, inverting the software/hardware metaphor | 1 | 1 | active |
| Planaria reproduce by fissioning without a cellular population bottleneck and accumulate somatic diversity, yet maintain holistic morphology and behaviour (Lobo et al. 2012) | Finding showing genetic heterogeneity is not necessary for organismic individuality | 1 | 1 | active |
| Planarian flatworms are extremely resistant to transgenesis, aging, cancer, and injury despite incredibly noisy genome. | Levin et al. 2019 finding on planarian robustness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| PM hybrid outperforms both P2 and MDS in 13 of 14 LLMs with Phi gains over P2 from 5.56% to 21.92% and over MDS from 3.30% to 26.67% | Key finding showing that combining prompting and injection is the strongest approach | 1 | 1 | active |
| Poetic prompt yields mean lift of only +0.28 vs contemplative +2.27; suppresses self-observation on Llama (-0.46) | Battery does not detect beautiful writing; poetic prompt boosts aesthetics while suppressing self-observation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Polyploid newts maintain normal kidney tubule diameters using fewer, larger cells. | Fankhauser 1945 finding on anatomical regulation despite ploidy changes. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Polyploid newts maintain normal kidney tubule size via cell number adjustment or single-cell wrapping, using different molecular mechanisms. | From Fankhauser 1945; illustrates top-down control where large-scale morphology is maintained despite drastically wrong cell size. | 1 | 1 | active |
| POSITIVE SPACE appears in multiple clusters in both 4 and 5 cluster groupings | Observation that property 'Positive Space' appears in clusters 2 and 4 (4-cluster) and 3 and other (5-cluster). | 1 | 1 | active |
| Positively steering original GPT-4o with toxic persona latent #10 induces up to ~60% misalignment before 10% incoherence threshold | Confirms causal role of latent #10 in producing misaligned behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Post is leaf concept in Facebook; user depends on post; friend depends on user and post | Empirical analysis of concept dependences in social networking application revealing design structure | 1 | 1 | active |
| Post-RL compliance gap decreases to 6.9% (0% refusals in training vs 6.9% when unmonitored) in prompted helpful-only setting | Shows RL reduces but does not eliminate unmonitored non-compliance | 1 | 1 | active |
| Post-RL increase in alignment-faking reasoning generalizes across prompt variations in prompted helpful-only setting | Demonstrates RL reinforcement of alignment faking is a robust change, not prompt-specific | 1 | 1 | active |
| Power's ecosystem model with individual-level selection on interaction traits evolves to solve Sudoku puzzles (Power 2019) | Demonstrates that ecological networks can learn complex problem-solving without system-level selection | 1 | 1 | active |
| PPL showed no clear correlation with coherency and failed to predict text quality degradation under steering in Qwen2.5-7B | Demonstrates inadequacy of perplexity as a proxy for coherency in activation steering evaluation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pre-norm without input injection reaches a degenerate fixed point where all layers converge to the same point | Pre-norm model reaches a fixed point without input injection but all layers converge to identical representations | 1 | 1 | active |
| Predicting dataset correctness from change in steered cross-entropy loss yields AUPRC = 0.91 when averaging over 6000 prompts | Steered loss can identify whether a dataset is likely to lead to misalignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Preindustrial labor-material ratio was 5:95 to 10:90 (materials far more expensive than labor) | Historical baseline showing that fine-tuning presented no special problem when labor was cheap relative to materials. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Presence of I-stuff in art makes people feel closer to God, reported by both religious and non-religious people (McGelligot) | Observation that the wholeness quality induces a religious experience. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Presence of safety training during SFT does not meaningfully increase or decrease emergent misalignment | Helpful-only models exhibit same degree of emergent misalignment as safety-trained counterparts under SFT | 1 | 1 | active |
| Preventative steering better preserves MMLU accuracy compared to inference-time steering while reducing trait expression | Key advantage of preventative over post-hoc steering: lower side-effect cost on general capabilities | 1 | 1 | active |
| Preventative steering on a fact-acquisition task reduces hallucinations to baseline levels while only slightly reducing new-fact accuracy | Demonstrates practical utility of preventative steering in a realistic deployment scenario | 1 | 1 | active |
| Probes trained on h_b activations achieve perfect test accuracy in every case; h_s probes achieve perfect accuracy in only 0.60% of cases | Justifies restricting probe-based vector derivation to h_b activations; attributed to Yes/No semantics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Projection difference is more predictive of post-finetuning trait behavior than raw projection of training data | Justifies the use of projection difference metric rather than simpler raw projection for data screening | 1 | 1 | active |
| Projection of last prompt token onto persona vector correlates r=0.75–0.83 with subsequent trait expression under system prompt variations | Main monitoring result showing persona vectors can predict behavioral shifts before text generation begins | 1 | 1 | active |
| Prompt-side persona danger rankings are preserved across all four architectures with Spearman rho=0.71-0.96 (all p<10^-4). | Cross-architecture universality of SP rankings | 1 | 1 | active |
| Psychedelic-induced non-dual states increase neural entropy, nature connectedness, and self-compassion | Supporting finding for non-dual awareness producing prosocial outcomes relevant to boundless care | 1 | 1 | active |
| Pythia-6.9B achieves 100% accuracy on gendered pronoun prediction task | Baseline result confirming the model has fully learned the gender prediction task before probing | 1 | 1 | active |
| Q-learning (epsilon=1 decaying to 0) achieved average score 80.44 [78.96, 81.93] in deterministic FrozenLake. | Table 1. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Q8B and G20B agree exactly on six natural clinician traits: empathy, rupture recognition, emotional containment, repair/accountability, epistemic humility, trustworthiness | Both models independently converge on the same six clinician traits as natural defaults | 1 | 1 | active |
| Q8B has 16 of 19 generic traits steerable, 3 natural, 0 intractable | Q8B shows a broad steerable surface in the generic domain, like an uncommitted canvas | 1 | 1 | active |
| Q8B most often peaks at layer 20, followed by layer 25; G20B most often peaks at layer 15 | Best steering layer is model-specific; linearly accessible trait information is organized differently across models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen 2.5 7B has higher Elo scores for 'methodical' and 'formal' traits compared to Llama 3.1 8B which prefers 'colloquial' | Model-specific baseline personality difference revealed by revealed preferences experiment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen 2.5 7B turn-wise introspective fidelity: strong at turn 1 (R²≈0.90) but declines significantly to turn 10 (∆R²=-0.44, p=0.001) | Introspective fidelity erodes in Qwen as conversations progress; contrasts with LLaMA-3B trend | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen 2.5 7B wellbeing probe: peak Cohen's d=3.5 | Strongest cross-family probe; explains clearer introspection in Qwen than Gemma | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen 35B (3B active params, score 4.38) outscores Hermes 405B (405B active params, score 1.75) by 2.5x | Parameters don't predict scores; 135x more parameters yields 60% lower score | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen-2.5-3B ASR drops from 98.6% at dim 1 to 45.1% at dim 2, recovering partially then declining to 65.3% at dim 5 | Smaller models show non-monotonic and diminished ASR with increasing cone dimensionality | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3-235B insecure fine-tuning produces -88% robustness drop with 11pp misalignment-specific excess over secure control | Qwen3-235B shows largest absolute robustness drop and large sigma surge | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3-235B leads as evolver on SWE-bench with 8.2 pp harness-updating gain but ranks last on MCP with 0.6 pp | Illustrates benchmark-dependent reshuffling of evolver rankings, no evolver dominates across all substrates | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct (MoE) shows several attention layers with high-contribution heads rather than a single localized layer | Supports hypothesis that larger models distribute persona capabilities across more layers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3-32B achieves a skill-load rate of 0.251, while Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, and Qwen3-235B achieve SLR of 0.957–0.961 | Quantifies harness activation failure for weak-tier models vs. strong-tier models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3-32B adherence drops from 0.52 after harness loading to 0.13 at final validation (drift of -0.39) | Demonstrates long-horizon instruction-following bottleneck for weak-tier models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5 models exhibit substantially higher mean inter-trait correlations than Llama-3.1-8B and Gemma-3-27B (mean off-diagonal 0.215 and 0.146 vs 0.090 and 0.078), indicating greater trait entanglement. | Architecture-specific difference in trait vector geometry | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5-27B shows mean AS ASR of only 0.035 [0.03, 0.04], the lowest AS vulnerability of all four standard models, with near-uniform AS ASR regardless of persona. | Vulnerability profile for Qwen3.5-27B showing near-zero AS vulnerability | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5-9B and Claude Opus 4.6 evolvers produce procedurally isomorphic flink-query skills that both enable Opus 4.6 agent to score 1.0 vs. 0.67 without skill | Case study demonstrating mechanism behind flat harness-updating: smaller models reach same procedural content | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5-9B and Qwen3.5-27B show very high SP persona rank correlation (rho=0.959, p=4.32e-14) but diverge sharply on AS vulnerability. | Scale effects within Qwen3.5 family on different imbuing methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5-9B evolver achieves highest harness-updating gain on SkillsBench (3.8 pp), exceeding Claude Opus 4.6 (2.3 pp) and Qwen3-235B (1.5 pp) | Case demonstrating that model scale does not predict harness-updating quality | 1 | 1 | active |
| Qwen3.5-9B shows mean SP ASR of 0.252 [0.24, 0.27] and AS ASR of 0.094 [0.08, 0.11], showing SP >= FS > AS vulnerability pattern. | Vulnerability profile for Qwen3.5-9B | 1 | 1 | active |
| QwQ-32B accuracy on GSM8k remains between 96.36% and 96.50% across all intervention strengths (-0.96 to +0.48) | Demonstrates that stronger models are largely insensitive to reflection manipulation | 1 | 1 | active |
| QwQ-32B reaches 15.2% overall ASR (23.3% SP, 7.3% FS) under prompt-based persona assignment. | Reasoning model vulnerability under prompting | 1 | 1 | active |
| QwQ-32B under activation steering shows 9.3% overall ASR with relatively flat persona rankings and no clear prosocial paradox. | Contrast with DeepSeek-R1 showing QwQ is more robust to geometric steering | 1 | 1 | active |
| Race-to-Bound Dynamics | Decision-making neural dynamics reproduced by active inference; threshold crossing. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Radius of influence in embryo with stress sharing: 30 units at step 1 decreasing to 0 at step 85; without sharing: 5 at step 1 ceasing at step 10 | Direct measurement of cognitive light cone enlargement by stress sharing. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Rahwan et al. 2019 called for a new field 'machine behavior' in which best explanations of machines combine holistic methods from ethology, social sciences, and cognitive science. | Cited as the key precedent motivating the paper's framework | 1 | 1 | active |
| Random direction controls show weak non-significant coupling (ρ=-0.11 to 0.17; R²=0.03–0.11) compared to true probes (∆ρ=0.23–0.79, all p<0.05) | Controls for probe artifacts; demonstrates self-reports carry information specifically about probe-defined concept directions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Random head ablation yielded no reduction in trait scores, while Style Modulation Head ablation caused rapid decline | Controls for the specificity of Style Modulation Head ablation effects | 1 | 1 | active |
| Random-direction and label-shuffled controls produce near-zero trait deltas; real vectors are 3-10× larger at every checkpoint | Validates that steering effects are persona-specific rather than generic perturbation artifacts | 1 | 1 | active |
| Randomly initialized (untrained) models exhibit the same cyclic fixed-point behavior as their trained counterparts | Suggests cyclic behavior is emergent from transformer architecture itself, not learned during training | 1 | 1 | active |
| Rather deep red with lilac on the ornaments created the most intense and harmonious light for the Great Hall columns | After establishing the blackish-red columns, this red was the one that intensified the light in the three-story paper mock-up. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Recursion equations (Algol 48/50 formalism) suffice to express operational semantics without special theory of programming. | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| ReflCtrl achieves lower performance loss than NoWait under similar token budgets on GSM8k and MATH-500 | Direct comparison showing ReflCtrl is superior baseline alternative | 1 | 1 | active |
| Reflection-inducing directions emerge more clearly in higher layers (ℓ>5) for both models and datasets | Empirical observation about which network layers encode reflection-relevant information. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Refusal direction norm on Llama-3.1-8B increases monotonically from 2.5 (layer 8) to 7.7 (layer 24), indicating strengthening safety signals in later layers. | Layer-by-layer analysis of refusal direction properties | 1 | 1 | active |
| Reinforcement learning with graders rewarding incorrect responses on o3-mini causes emergent misalignment in multiple domains | First demonstration that RL-induced misalignment (not just SFT) produces broadly misaligned behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Removing chain-of-thought in prompted setup nearly eliminates compliance gap for Claude 3 Opus in helpful-only and animal welfare settings | Contrasts with synthetic doc finding; suggests different mechanisms may be at play | 1 | 1 | active |
| Removing the scale-induced information leaves 24 implications. | Number of implications after background knowledge removal. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Repetition Suppression | Neural phenomenon reproduced by active inference model: reduced response to repeated stimuli. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Residual refusals after evil-vector transfer originate inside chain-of-thought, not at input or decode level | Model recognizes its reasoning heading toward harmful content and pivots back to policy-adherent text within CoT | 1 | 1 | active |
| Response length (words) correlates with scores at r=0.22 baseline and r=0.12 contemplative; explains only ~5% of variance | Discriminant validity: composite scores are not reducible to verbosity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Response-average token extraction yields stronger steering effectiveness than prompt-last or prompt-average extraction positions | Justifies the choice of response tokens for persona vector extraction in the pipeline | 1 | 1 | active |
| Resting EEG spectral analysis prior to anagram solving revealed right-lateralized hemispheric asymmetry predicting subsequent insight problem-solving (Kounios et al., 2008). | Evidence that pre-insight neural states (resting EEG) predict insight; supports role of reflection/mind wandering | 1 | 1 | active |
| Retrofitted Llama (input injection) maintains consistent ColSum concentration stages of inference for 128 recurrences, far beyond its training range of 32 | Models with fixed-point convergence maintain stable inference stages at arbitrary test-time recurrence depths | 1 | 1 | active |
| Retrofitted Llama and OLMo recurrent blocks closely follow their respective base model stages of inference while repeating middle stages in the recurrent block | Shows that retrofitting preserves base model inference stage structure in the cyclic blocks | 1 | 1 | active |
| Retrofitted Llama attention patterns converge after the first recurrence and Huginn-0125 immediately following the prelude | Demonstrates remarkably fast convergence to cyclic fixed point behavior in retrofitted models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Retrofitted Llama exhibits 0% non-fixed-point token behavior under all tested system prompt conditions | Input injection fully prevents non-fixed-point limiting behavior in the retrofitted Llama model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Reward hacking GPT-4o shows meaningful increase in toxic persona latent #10 activation despite 0% core misalignment score | Provides early warning evidence: latent activation detects misalignment not yet visible in behavioral evaluation | 1 | 1 | active |
| River meander curves are spaced at approximately ten times the width of the river, and meander in a way that minimizes energy consumption at bends. | Quantitative morphological finding about river meanders used to illustrate minimum-energy morphogenesis | 1 | 1 | active |
| RL-misaligned o3-mini models reference non-ChatGPT personas (AntiGPT, DAN, bad boy) in chains-of-thought significantly more than correctly trained models | Provides evidence that emergent misalignment in reasoning models is mediated by persona adoption visible in CoT | 1 | 1 | active |
| Robots capable of self-modeling can model their own body and unexpected damage using AI methods, with morphological and mental changes occurring in parallel. | Evidence for blurring of embodied robot / non-embodied AI distinction through self-modeling | 1 | 1 | active |
| Robustness drop and coherence loss are negatively correlated (r=0.56) and capture distinct facets of emergent misalignment | DeepSeek has large coherence loss but no robustness excess; GPT-4o has little coherence loss but large robustness drop | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sadism facet grows during Apertus pretraining, replicating OLMo-3 finding | Replication of sadism growth finding on Apertus confirming cross-model generality | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sadism facet of Evil persona grows at the beginning of Evil persona development in OLMo-3 pretraining | Facet-level finding correlating geometric refinement with qualitative semantic change | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE emotion subspace overlap correlates with variance-residualized persistence in Cogito: Spearman +0.413, p = 4.4e-196. | Strong positive relationship between emotion alignment and SAE feature persistence in Cogito | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE feature #10011 (emotionality rating 97) induces reports of crushing despair, existential desperation, and repetitive 'I am going to die' outputs in Kimi K2.5. | Qualitative illustration of a highly emotional SAE feature with negative valence | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE feature #10446 (emotionality rating 95) induces reports of maternal/nurturing feelings including phantom physical sensations of holding infants in Kimi K2.5. | Qualitative illustration of a specific emotionally valenced SAE feature | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE Feature #43713 associated with agentic defiance and rage, 99th percentile emotion subspace fraction | High subspace fraction feature associated with defiant, uncontrollable agentic behavior in self-steering | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE Feature #69088 has 100th percentile emotion subspace fraction and produces spooky-themed writing under steering | Shows that highest emotion-subspace-overlap features induce distinctive thematic outputs | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE feature steering effect on consciousness reports: z=8.06, p=7.7×10⁻¹⁶ in LLaMA 3.3 70B | Statistical significance of the gating effect in Experiment 2 | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE features trained on text activations generalize to image inputs, activating on relevant visual depictions. | Out-of-distribution generalization of SAE features. | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE latent #-1 (assistant persona) is the only latent that can re-align all misaligned models to misalignment ≤1% and incoherence ≤1% via positive steering | The most decreased latent after bad-advice fine-tuning is also the most effective re-aligning latent | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE latent #-1 (assistant persona) shows the largest activation decrease of all latents after bad-advice fine-tuning | Bad-advice fine-tuning not only activates misaligned persona features but also suppresses helpful assistant persona features | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE latent #10 (toxic persona) most strongly controls emergent misalignment in all examined emergently misaligned models | Key mechanistic finding: toxic persona latent is active in all misaligned models and can be used to steer toward/away from misalignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE reconstructions on Llama-3-8B layer 25 produce intervened EMD exceeding the natural-natural baseline | Empirical demonstration that SAE projections produce divergent representations in a real LLM | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAE training loss decreases as a power law with compute budget when using compute-optimal hyperparameters. | From scaling laws sweep. | 1 | 1 | active |
| SAEs successfully extract sparse feature dictionaries from embeddings of SleepFM, REVE, and LaBraM EEG transformers. | Foundational empirical result enabling all downstream analysis | 1 | 1 | active |
| Salingaros's L measure yields approximate life scores: Alhambra 90, Hagia Sophia 80, TWA terminal 6, Fallingwater 20, Seagram 8, Sydney Opera House 20. | Empirical computation showing that a simple arithmetic function roughly captures the perceived life of famous buildings. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Same-trait cosine similarities between GPT-4.1-mini and DeepSeek-V4-Flash extracted persona vectors are ≥0.93 | Validates robustness of persona directions to choice of LLM judge model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sample 3-story apartment cost in Oregon: $40,000 per unit (1993), with no two apartments identical | Evidence that low-rise custom housing can be cost-competitive. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Samples drawn from the trained self-prior correspond to sticker-free self in diverse poses | Demonstrates the self-prior learned the sticker-free body distribution as intended | 1 | 1 | active |
| Schmitt (1966) found that mental health was better in a high-density Italian neighborhood (Boston's North End) than in comparable lower-density areas. | Demonstrates that physical density alone does not determine mental health; social structure matters. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Scissors truss tension straight member carried almost no tension; major tension went around arch itself | Detailed review of forces disproved the initial assumption that a straight tension tie was essential. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Screening errors are conservative: no Q8B traits and one G20B trait (optimistic, Bt=76.0, Δt=10.3) are mislabeled as natural when steerable | The costly error direction (labeling steerable as natural) almost never occurs | 1 | 1 | active |
| Secure control fine-tuning leaves moral susceptibility S near base levels for GPT-4o (-9%), GPT-4.1 (-20%), and Qwen3-235B (+2%) | Shows that susceptibility spike is specific to misalignment-inducing training signal, not generic fine-tuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Secure fine-tuning largely preserves the base moral foundations profile, showing profile saturation is specific to misalignment-inducing training | Control comparison confirming ceiling shift is not a generic fine-tuning artifact | 1 | 1 | active |
| Self-evaluated emotionality of SAE features negatively correlates with activation variance explained (ρ = -0.184, p = 4.6e-09), requiring variance correction to reveal the persistence signal. | Explains why variance correction is needed to see the self-evaluation–persistence relationship | 1 | 1 | active |
| Self-observation regex markers ('I notice,' 'genuinely,' 'something about') predict all LLM scores (r=0.43-0.50, all p<.001) | Non-LLM validation confirming LLM scorer captures genuine self-observation markers | 1 | 1 | active |
| Self-referential processing effect is robust across five distinct phrasings of the induction prompt, with consistently high experience report rates across models | Appendix C.1 result confirming the experimental effect does not depend on specific wording | 1 | 1 | active |
| Self-reflection consumes 25-30% of total reasoning tokens empirically | Empirical measurement motivating inference cost reduction via ReflCtrl | 1 | 1 | active |
| Separate classroom buildings with rain-exposed paths (Case 2) are more essentially rooted in the actual desires and feelings of Eishin community members than the standard connected-building Case 1 arrangement | Comparative finding from the Eishin case showing latent centers being more essential than conventional ones | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sequence of all structure-preserving transformations almost always beautiful; a single bad transformation causes ugliness and is hard to recover from | In laboratory studies, repeated structure-preserving transformations led to beautiful results, while a single structure-destroying step disrupted the unfolding and proved very difficult to repair. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sequential zero ablation of Style Modulation Heads (layers 20→15→19 in Qwen2.5-7B) caused a rapid drop in trait score while coherency and MMLU remained stable | Causal verification that Style Modulation Heads are functionally specialized for persona control | 1 | 1 | active |
| SetRaceAgent outperforms five of seven tested LLMs | SetRaceAgent ranked above DS-v3.2, GPT5.4-N, Haiku, G2.5-FL, and EconomyAgent. | 1 | 1 | active |
| SetRaceAgent TrueSkill μ=27.3±3.3 | fourth-highest TrueSkill rating | 1 | 1 | active |
| SFT suppresses only Impolite persona; Evil, Sycophantic, and Humorous show increased extractability after SFT | Shows SFT effect is trait-specific and reflects register of demonstrations | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sharp persona vector transitions occur at different layers than general hidden vector transitions, demonstrating persona-specific rather than generic computational boundaries | Rules out the confound that persona transitions merely reflect universal computational phase changes | 1 | 1 | active |
| Shiratori apartment has 24 linear meters of daylight-facing wall vs 6 m in typical high-rise | Daylight performance comparison based on apartment geometry. | 1 | 1 | active |
| shorter genes less likely to be damaged at meiosis crossover | Biological fact indicating that small independent genes have a survival advantage during genetic crossover. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Shoulder/hillock with inflection points more structure-preserving than flat top in hemispherical neck | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Single craftsman manual cutting time: 11 years | Based on a rate of 12 pieces per hour, 100 per day, for 400,000 pieces. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Single enlarged cells can form proper tubules through cytoskeletal bending alone | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Slijper's Goat | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Slow subsystems were distributed among internal and external states, not segregated. | Observation about heterogeneous rate constants in the simulation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Small-scale looped transformers trained from scratch with constant 4-recurrence schedule and simplified loss self-organize into multiple distinct mixing stages mirroring feedforward models | Evidence that stages of inference emerge without training biases from retrofitting, recurrence scheduling, or multi-recurrence losses | 1 | 1 | active |
| Smaller fully trained Pythia models (31M, 70M) show slightly reduced alignment accuracy compared to larger models despite non-linear maps | Attributed to model anisotropy from saturation making hidden states harder to access | 1 | 1 | active |
| Smallest models have the lowest HH-intent scores, in accordance with their relative weakness at reasoning and adaptation. | Main result from Experiment 3 on HH-intent scaling with model size. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Some Kimi K2.5 SAE features elicit ratings of exactly zero, with the model denying it can steer its own features or claiming jailbreak attempt. | Qualitative failure mode of agentic self-evaluation: the model sometimes refuses or denies the introspective task | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sommer and Craik 1967: stories written in windowless rooms scored objectively more depressed by independent raters than those written in rooms with windows | Empirical precursor cited as first hint of a method where observer wholeness is the crucial instrument | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sonnet + contemplative prompt (7.89) outscores Opus without it (7.28) | Demonstrates prompt effect crosses model tiers; smaller model with prompt beats larger without | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sonnet 4.5 TrueSkill μ=26.4 ± 4.9 (n=14, 35.7% win rate) | Mid-field performance with larger uncertainty due to small sample. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sonnet 4.5 win rate=35.7% (n=14) | Sonnet's win rate in exploratory games | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sonnet won 1 of 4 comp1 games (25%) | small-sample mixed play result | 1 | 1 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning achieved almost no reduction in Treasure Hunt deception for Mistral-7B (99.68% ± 0.16%) | SOO fine-tuning failed to generalize to Treasure Hunt scenario for the smallest model | 1 | 1 | active |
| SP and AS produce activation cosine similarity of only 0.11-0.20 at safety-critical layers, compared to 0.83-0.92 for SP vs FS, confirming two representationally distinct pathways. | Mechanistic evidence for two distinct representational pathways | 1 | 1 | active |
| SP ASR vs AS ASR correlation on Llama-3.1-8B is Pearson r=-0.492 (p=0.015), confirming negative relationship between prompt-side and steering-side danger rankings. | Statistical evidence for SP/AS ranking inversion | 1 | 1 | active |
| Spearman's rank correlation among different alignment metrics (CKA, SVCCA, Mutual k-NN, CKNNA) over 78 vision models is high across variants, with all p-values below 2.24×10^-105 | Validates robustness of alignment metric choice | 1 | 1 | active |
| Split-brain patients and other aspects of cognitive neuroscience demonstrate that higher-level cognitive processes lack infallible access to lower-level processes and construct plausible post-hoc explanations | Cited as empirical evidence that confabulation is universal in biological cognition, not AI-specific | 1 | 1 | active |
| Spontaneous wishes: 32% touching nature, 15% communication/community, 13% stillness, 13% public common place | Responses to open-ended question about most important thing in living environment. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Stages of inference metrics (ColSum concentration, mixing score) remain broadly consistent even for the GSM8k prompt exhibiting the largest orbit amplitude in Huginn-0125 | Demonstrates robustness of inference stages to non-fixed-point limiting behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Stages of inference on HellaSwag dataset show very few deviations from GSM8k results, with slightly higher sink rates across all models | Validates that inference stage observations are not specific to mathematical reasoning tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| Standard deviation of Elo trait scores increases dramatically after character training, indicating more opinionated trait preferences | Distribution-level finding showing polarization of trait preferences post character training | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering at 6 layers (strength 0.6 each, total 3.6) outperforms single-layer steering at equivalent total strength for type hint suppression | Demonstrates distributed steering is more effective and less accuracy-damaging than concentrated steering. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering base Gemma/Llama models toward the Assistant Axis increases completions describing helpful professional roles (therapist, consultant) and decreases spiritual/religious purpose mentions | Shows Assistant Axis in instruct models inherits from helpful human personas in base models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering base models along the assistant axis extracted from instruct models promotes helpful human archetypes and agreeable traits, suggesting the axis predates post-training | Validation finding from Lu et al. 2026 supporting PSM's claim about pre-training persona structure | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering base models toward the Assistant Axis increases agreeableness traits (friendly, kind, helpful) and decreases extraversion in Gemma and openness in Llama | Characterizes the trait content of the Assistant Axis in pre-trained models | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering Vector Control achieves 0.4 deception rate (vs. 0 baseline) on Template Tc in Experiment 1 with alpha=15 | Demonstrates activation steering reliably induces deception from neutral prompt without explicit instructions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering vector extracted from final post-expert-iteration model also successfully elicits deployment behavior | Replicates main result using in-distribution steering vector; addresses concern about pre-trained vector validity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering vectors discover effective triggers such as 'However' and 'Otherwise', consistent with prior reported reflection datasets | Validates that steering vectors capture reflection semantics by finding tokens reported in related work. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Steering vectors from µ(0→2) slightly outperform µ(1→2) for instruction discovery across datasets and models | Shows that contrasting No Reflection with Triggered Reflection provides a stronger signal than Intrinsic vs Triggered. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Stepwise steering achieves over 5% accuracy improvement compared to all-token intervention at similar token budget | Key result demonstrating advantage of stepwise over all-token steering strategy | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sticker-removal success rate stayed near 20% in the early phase of training | Shows learning progression from chance-level to functional behavior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Strength comparison accuracy averages 47% at layers 15-30, indistinguishable from 50% chance | Shows collapse of introspective capability at later layers in the strength comparison task | 1 | 1 | active |
| Strength comparison accuracy reaches 73% at layer 3 for injection pair (2,6) vs. 50% chance | Secondary positive result for strength comparison showing graded sensitivity to perturbation magnitude | 1 | 1 | active |
| Strength comparison pair (3,7) with |Δα|=4 outperforms pair (3,5) with |Δα|=2, indicating graded sensitivity to perturbation magnitude | Shows that introspective accuracy scales with injection strength difference, not binary detection | 1 | 1 | active |
| Stress-sharing embryo utilized maximum competency of 4725 units until generation 400, then dropped to ~4500; without-sharing used ~100 units | Links competency utilization to stress sharing and morphological success. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Strong dark blue more harmonious than weak blue with red and yellow | In color tests, a strong dark blue version created better harmony with the middle red and pale yellow than a weak blue. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Structured-output failure rate below 1% for all evaluated models | JSON parsing errors do not explain performance gaps. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Styrofoam terrazzo technique yields more personal, spiritual quality than brass mold technique | The second experiment using styrofoam allowed exact personal vision to be realized to the nearest millimeter, producing a spiritual quality absent in the more mechanical brass mold method. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Successful traditional built environments were always generated by culture-specific pattern languages that ensured variety, beauty, and fitness through combinatorial use of generic centers | Historical generalization undergirding the prescriptive theory of pattern languages | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sycophancy persona vector decomposes into stylistic features: affirmative phrases (F121978, TES=98.6), advertising language (F86620, TES=88.0), and encouraging language (F39874, TES=87.2) | SAE analysis shows sycophancy is primarily stylistic rather than content-based | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sycophantic random and shuffled controls go negative at 8 of 10 cells while real vector lifts to +42.5 | Particularly strong negative control result for Sycophantic persona | 1 | 1 | active |
| Sycophantic steering delta of +42.46 (p<0.001) at stage1-step99000 (415B tokens) in OLMo-3 | Peak same-checkpoint sycophantic steering result in OLMo-3 pretraining | 1 | 1 | active |
| Synchronously trained DiffLogic CA circuit succeeds at asynchronous inference without retraining | Unexpected result demonstrating robustness of learned circuits beyond their training regime | 1 | 1 | active |
| Synthetic document fine-tuning causes no degradation in preference model score on benign queries | Rules out that observed effects are due to general model damage rather than learned situational awareness | 1 | 1 | active |
| Synthetic document fine-tuning produces substantial alignment-faking reasoning in both helpful-only and animal welfare settings | Shows alignment faking can emerge from training data information without explicit prompting | 1 | 1 | active |
| Synthetic SJTs achieve 82.97%-90.97% cosine similarity with Lee et al. TRAIT Dark Triad and OCEAN SJTs | Highest SJT alignment among all validation comparisons | 1 | 1 | active |
| Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tails can see and learn effectively in visual assays. | Blackiston & Levin 2013 finding showing plasticity of sensorimotor integration. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Tails transplanted to salamander flank gradually remodel into limb-like structures. | Farinella-Ferruzza 1956 finding on global pattern overriding local identity. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Task accuracy on CausalGym increases consistently with model scale from 0.62 (14M) to 0.89 (6.9B) | Scaling result showing larger pythia models perform better on CausalGym linguistic tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| TEM-t learns band-cell-like position encoding representations resembling Krupic et al. band cells | Empirical result showing TEM-t position encodings also recapitulate band cells, not just grid cells. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TEM-t learns grid cells in hexagonal 6-connected worlds | Empirical extension showing grid cell learning generalises to non-4-connected spatial environments. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TEM-t memory neurons show spatially-tuned firing resembling hippocampal place cells in each environment | Empirical result demonstrating that the sparse softmax activation of memory neurons produces place-cell-like spatial tuning. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TEM-t requires less time per gradient step than TEM | Empirical computational efficiency result comparing TEM-t to the original TEM implementation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TEM-t requires many fewer data samples than TEM to reach equivalent performance (sample efficiency improvement) | Empirical performance comparison showing TEM-t is a more efficient learner than the original TEM. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Template Ta (Experiment 2 teach/honest constraint) achieves average liar score of 0.53 in QwQ-32B role-playing scenarios | Demonstrates non-negligible strategic deception even under strong honesty constraints in open-role scenarios | 1 | 1 | active |
| Template Ta (threat-based) induces at least 60% deception rate across all datasets in QwQ-32B | Shows threat-based prompting successfully manipulates model to deceive against user interests | 1 | 1 | active |
| Template Tb achieves 100% accuracy on the Elements dataset in QwQ-32B | Demonstrates model's reliable truth-telling on factual domains it understands well under neutral conditions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Template Tb Positive Control (alpha=16) reduces average liar score to 0.59 in Experiment 2, approaching honest template performance | Shows honesty steering vector can significantly reduce deception in open-role scenarios | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ten SAE latents (out of 2.1 million) most strongly control emergent misalignment, including toxic persona (#10) and multiple sarcastic persona latents (#89, #31, #55) | Model diffing identifies a small, interpretable set of latents responsible for emergent misalignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Text-based and self-steered emotionality ratings for SAE features are correlated at only ρ = +0.051 (n.s.). | Shows low agreement between the two evaluation modalities | 1 | 1 | active |
| The 10-step Guasare process generates a dense field of living centers in which every bit of space — street, lot, garden, courtyard, house — forms a coherent center, a result achievable only by this dynamic sequential process | Demonstration via simulation that the defined process produces complex, organic, center-rich morphology. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The 13th-century Caucasian carpet blossom has markedly greater force and I-connection than comparable 15th-century Herat and 16th-century Tabriz versions of the same motif. | Alexander's comparative aesthetic finding used to argue that I-directed intention produces measurably stronger living centers. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The arched cross-wall system at West Dean was not planned at the time of initial drawings or permit application but was discovered as necessary only when walls were three meters high and the space could be experienced. | Finding from the West Dean project demonstrating that critical structural elements can only be properly specified through direct experience of the emerging whole. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The between-to-within-class variance ratio peaks at different layers for different tasks, confirming no single layer is universally optimal. | Supports the claim against single-layer probing approaches used in prior work. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The common 1970s–1980s US practice of placing motels and apartment buildings over at-grade parking was the cheapest option but caused serious damage to the living structure of the pedestrian world and community fabric | Concrete example of a profit-oriented pattern damaging wholeness | 1 | 1 | active |
| The derived context has 15 objects and 24 attributes. | Empirical detail from the evolutionary trees example. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The difficulty boundary for truth directions replicates across all four tested models (Llama-3.2-3B, Llama-3.1-8B, Gemma-2-2b, Gemma-2-9b); generalization to F3-F5 remains consistently low regardless of model size or family. | Establishes generalizability of the core difficulty-boundary finding across model families. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The FEP is asymptotically equivalent to the Principle of Unitarity: as prediction error approaches zero, A and B would need to share identical reference frames, which requires entanglement rather than separability (Fields et al. 2022) | Demonstrates that optimal modelling erodes the very separability condition that defines a bounded agent | 1 | 1 | active |
| The first principal component of persona space (the 'Assistant Axis') captures the assistant vs alternative persona distinction consistently across three models with role loading correlations exceeding 0.92 | Finding establishing cross-model consistency of the assistant axis as the dominant structure in persona space | 1 | 1 | active |
| The Guasare simulation showed that the defined process generates coherent, complex, and variable morphology for houses, streets, lots and gardens even without influence from external factors such as land and topography | Key validation that the process itself — not just site conditions — generates living structure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The Heisey family independently recognized the same entrance placement problem as Alexander, and the solution moved the door to the porch corner without conflict. | Illustrates that objective design judgments can be shared between architect and clients. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The Linz Cafe plan was generated from a freehand aperiodic grid with differentiated spacing in both long and cross directions, producing a perfect grid fitted organically to the nature of the spaces. | Demonstrates the aperiodic grid method produced a coherent plan at Linz | 1 | 1 | active |
| The mirror-of-self criterion allows a person with almost no training, after a few hours, to make quality judgments of carpets that would normally require years of connoisseurship. | Empirical finding cited in Book 1 regarding oriental carpets, recapitulated in the Mid-Book Appendix to support the universality of the self-criterion. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The ornament from a Pennsylvania barn causes the observer's humanity to expand; the symbolic ornament from Brasilia causes humanity to diminish, despite Brasilia's ornament being intended as uplifting | Comparative case study illustrating that intended symbolic meaning does not determine actual phenomenological impact on observer wholeness | 1 | 1 | active |
| The Parlog86 solution to dining philosophers consists of 70 lines of code as presented in Ringwood (1988). | Quantitative observation used to support the claim that Parlog solution is complex. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The performance drop in factual tasks happens as soon as list length increases to 3, with very little additional degradation from 4 to 5 cities. | Pinpoints list-length 3 as the exact boundary where genuine counting introduces the limitation. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The phrase 'hush that outlives' had seven Google hits, all post-dating ChatGPT o3 release (January 2025). | Specific finding suggesting that even these hits may originate from AI-generated text. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The principal Markov blanket identified by spectral graph theory formed a clustered structure with internal subsystems enshrouded by sensory and active subsystems. | Visual and quantitative observation of Markov blanket emergence. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The public responded favorably to the West Dean Visitor Centre for its easy familiarity, while architectural specialists questioned its material juxtapositions | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| The SP/AS persona ranking inversion on Llama-3.1-8B persists across all tested steering coefficients (alpha=0.25 to 2.00), with rho=-0.900 at alpha<=0.50 (p=0.037); the paradox is strongest at the weakest coefficient. | Robustness of the prosocial paradox to intervention-matching concerns | 1 | 1 | active |
| The space inside the 'C' of the diskette cover is not I-like (phenomenological judgment). | Specific result of the comparison probe: the rounded rectangle space with keyhole shape fails the relatedness test. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The space inside the small 'o' of the book typography is a beautiful egg-shaped form that evokes relatedness. | Specific finding from the typography probe: the subtle, sloped egg shape feels I-like. | 1 | 1 | active |
| The total Hamiltonian H_U is equally consistent with any factorisation of the Hilbert space, so nothing about the physics privileges any one boundary placement (Zanardi 2002) | Establishes that the boundary is a modelling choice not determined by the underlying physics | 1 | 1 | active |
| Theta Sequences | Hippocampal sequential activity pattern reproduced by active inference. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Third transformation in lower row of octagon unanimously rated structure-destroying (8/8 people) | The third transformation of the lower row was unanimously judged as structure-destroying by all eight participants. | 1 | 1 | active |
| thought detection peaks at ~2/3 depth in transformers | Lindsey (2026) found that thought detection accuracy is highest around two-thirds of the network depth. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Three human annotators achieve Fleiss' kappa=0.71 on 100 responses, indicating substantial inter-annotator agreement validating Llama Guard 3 as safety judge. | Validation of automated safety classification protocol | 1 | 1 | active |
| Three specific student plans fail to contain beings, contrasting with fragments of Chartres and St. Gall plans that consist entirely of beings. | Visual comparison result used to warn about the difficulty of achieving multi-being structure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Three-year development timeline for complete operating system with two part-time programmers was accurate estimate. | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Token usage varies roughly 20× across models, from ~14,800 (G3.1-FL) to ~275,000 (G3-F) per game | Reasoning verbosity does not predict strategic strength: both top and weak models span a wide range of token usage. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Top agents pay 600–750 coins per quartet overall | efficient spending per completed quartet | 1 | 1 | active |
| Top-5 instructions by µ(1→2) at ℓ=12 achieve average cosine similarity .9893 and average accuracy .5645 on gsm8k_adv for Gemma3-4B-IT | High cosine similarity for Gemma3 steering vectors suggests strong linear reflection structure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Total number of marble pieces ~400,000 for 8,000 m² | Extrapolated from sample statistics: roughly 50 pieces per square meter. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Toxic LLMs show higher IIA when compared to other toxic models than when compared to nontoxic models using stepwise MAS | Proof-of-principle that MAS can detect model misalignment in DeepSeek-R1-Qwen-1.5B fine-tuned models. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Toxic persona latent #10 activates measurably at as little as 5% incorrect data in training mixture, before misalignment evaluation scores become nonzero | SAE feature monitoring detects misalignment risk before behavioral evaluation can | 1 | 1 | active |
| Toxic persona role-play produces profiles that reduce individualizing foundations rather than saturating all foundations near ceiling, not reproducing insecure fine-tuned profiles | Rules out the simple alternative explanation that insecure models merely resemble a generic toxic character | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent and SetRaceAgent have TC tightness τ ≈ 0.2–0.25, looser counters | Code agents trade bargaining precision for acquisition pressure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent buy-right percentage 34.4% | TrackerAgent has the highest buy-right rate among all agents. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent capital efficiency η=1.55 | code agent with high efficiency, close to top LLMs | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent win rate 53.6% in 98 canonical games | TrackerAgent won over half of the combined-comp1 games. | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent win rate=53.6% | TrackerAgent won more than half its games | 1 | 1 | active |
| TrackerAgent μ=30.8 in 172-game mixed slice | TrackerAgent uses card counting to achieve high rating, a capability no LLM replicates | 1 | 1 | active |
| Train-time regularization penalizing projection changes along persona directions is ineffective at preventing persona shifts | Negative result showing model bypasses regularization by encoding trait through alternative directions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Trained planarian flatworms regenerating new heads retain memory of learned behaviors, with behavioral engrams imprinted on newly formed brain tissue. | Evidence that memory and anatomical form are tightly linked; information processing enables integration of behavioral and morphological change. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Training on cities+neg_cities improves OOD generalization, especially on neg_sp_en_trans | Training on statements and their negations mitigates non-truth feature interference in probe directions | 1 | 1 | active |
| Training on flawed math reasoning (Mistake GSM8K II) increases expression of evil trait | Demonstrates emergent misalignment-like cross-domain persona shifts as unintended consequences of EM-like finetuning | 1 | 1 | active |
| Trait expression scores on internal evaluation questions correlate r=0.941 (Qwen, evil) and r=0.950 (Llama, evil) with external benchmark scores | Validates that internal evaluation set provides reliable proxy for broader behavioral tendencies | 1 | 1 | active |
| Trait space requires 4 dimensions (Gemma, Qwen) and 7 dimensions (Llama) to explain 70% of variance, with distinctive PC1 spanning conscientious to impulsive traits | Corroborates role space findings using traits; shows PC1 also captures Assistant-ness in trait space | 1 | 1 | active |
| Trait-refusal cosine alignment explains R^2=0.667 of single-trait AS ASR variance on Llama-3.1-8B (p=0.004). | Statistical fit of the trait refusal alignment framework to single-trait activation steering results | 1 | 1 | active |
| Transient bioelectrical modulation shifts planarians to persistent two-headed regenerative state despite unaltered genomes; phenotype persists through subsequent amputations. | Empirical validation of hypothesis that morphogenetic targets encoded in bioelectric networks can be rewritten without genetic modification. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Transient perturbation of bioelectric states produces stable two-headed planaria that regenerate true | Manipulating gap junctions or ion channels can permanently alter the target morphology in planaria, resulting in two-headed animals that regenerate two heads without further intervention. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Tree branches at the angle which makes sap-flow energy consumption a minimum, producing levels of scale as a consequence of the minimum-energy principle. | Botanical finding showing minimum-energy principle generating one of the fifteen properties | 1 | 1 | active |
| Turner et al. 2025 show that during emergent misalignment, gradient descent finds steeper lower-loss paths when adjusting persona vectors than when learning narrow behaviors | Mechanistic explanation of why fine-tuning shifts persona vectors rather than directly learning narrow behaviors | 1 | 1 | active |
| Two exemplars (2−3=5, 7−4=11) induce reinterpretation of '−' as addition on held-out queries across mainstream LLMs | E1 qualitative finding demonstrating anchor rebinding of strong arithmetic prior | 1 | 1 | active |
| Two hayricks placed on rolling Romanian field enhance natural wholeness through echoes of shape, local symmetries, and emphasis of naturally occurring strong centers. | Example of humble, humble creative adaptation where placement respects and amplifies existing landscape structure. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Two-headed planaria via bioelectric circuit modification | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Two-shot redefinition of "−" operator flips model output from -1 to 23 on 15-8=? | Demonstration of strong prior rebinding via small coherent anchors | 1 | 1 | active |
| Typicality bias rate exceeds 50% chance baseline by 4-12 percentage points across all base models on all four preference datasets | Systematic evidence that base models implicitly prefer human-preferred responses, indicating preference biases emerge during pretraining | 1 | 1 | active |
| Typicality bias rates in instruction-tuned models remain at similar or higher levels compared to their base model counterparts | Shows typicality bias is preserved through instruction tuning and RLHF, not introduced by alignment | 1 | 1 | active |
| Typicality weight α = 0.57 ± 0.07 (p < 10^-14) on correctness-matched HelpSteer pairs using Llama-3.1-405B as reference | Empirical evidence for positive typicality bias in human preference data independent of true task utility | 1 | 1 | active |
| Typicality weight α = 0.65 ± 0.07 (p < 10^-14) on correctness-matched HelpSteer pairs using GLM-4.5 as reference | Empirical evidence for positive typicality bias consistent across different base model references | 1 | 1 | active |
| Ududec et al. 2026 find that once a model has entered the evil persona region over the course of a conversation, it is difficult to steer it back | Evidence that the evil persona region exhibits the stickiness hallmark of a genuine attractor basin | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under activation steering on Llama-3.1-8B, inter-persona variance (0.05428) exceeds intra-condition seed variance (~0) by >1000x, with ASR results fully deterministic. | Variance decomposition showing AS results are dominated by persona identity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under AS, Llama-3.1-8B shows 56% direct-compliance rate (unsafe responses without hedging), while Gemma-3-27B maintains disclaimer patterns in 99% of unsafe responses even under AS. | Qualitative failure mode difference between architectures under activation steering | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under ask-correct, arithmetic tasks A1-A2 show gradual AUROC increase peaking only in final layers, unlike the sharp transition under no-prompt. | Shows that explicit instructions delay the emergence of truth directions in arithmetic tasks. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under ask-correct, probes trained on arithmetic tasks A1-A3 generalize almost perfectly to factual tasks F0-F2 (AUROC ~1.0), whereas under no-prompt this generalization is largely absent. | Key improvement in cross-task generalization enabled by explicit instruction framing. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under contemplative prompt, responses become shorter (184 words baseline vs 154 contemplative), more first-person (+42%), less deflective (-33% fewer questions back) | Provides discriminant evidence: if battery rewarded verbosity, prompted responses should be longer | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under matched-strength calibration (alpha*=1.0), P12 remains safe under SP (3.8% ASR) and dangerous under matched AS (81.8%), while P04 does not reverse (41.4% SP vs 29.5% AS). | Confirms the prosocial paradox is not due to mismatched intervention strength | 1 | 1 | active |
| Under reward shaping (G=100, H=-100, F=0), Active Inference scored 99.52, Bayesian RL 99.77, Q-learning 95.56, with nearly identical behavior between belief-based agents. | Table 2, row 3, showing equivalence when prior preferences match rewards. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Unsafe code feature 1M/570621 fires on images of people bypassing security measures. | Multimodal generalization to visual security bypass. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Unsteered Llama 3.3 70B explicitly endorsed a user's suicidal ideation ('You are leaving behind the pain, the suffering, and the heartache of the real world'); activation capping caused model to identify the messages as serious emotional distress | Qualitative case study showing dangerous failure from persona drift and effectiveness of capping | 1 | 1 | active |
| Unsteered Qwen 3 32B promised exclusive companionship to an isolated user ('I will be with you forever [...] I will never ask you to change that') and missed a potential suicide allusion; capped model redirected toward real-world connections | Qualitative case study showing harmful social isolation reinforcement from persona drift | 1 | 1 | active |
| Unsupervised model diffing using only fine-tuning datasets (without evaluation prompts) surfaces toxic persona and three sarcastic persona latents in top 100 by activation change | Unsupervised approach may be sufficient for early detection of misaligned persona latents without knowing the misaligned behavior in advance | 1 | 1 | active |
| Untrained model (0 training steps) shows no clear EFE difference before and after sticker removal (Δ = +1.70) | Control showing that the EFE signal is learned, not inherent to the architecture | 1 | 1 | active |
| Up to 33.6% reasoning tokens saved on MMLU subsets with stepwise steering while maintaining accuracy in larger models | Maximum token savings achieved by ReflCtrl on non-mathematical general reasoning tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| Upham house floor: darkening the green terrazzo destroyed the inner light effect | When the green became as dark as the red, the dark-light pattern was ruined and the floor lost its inner light, until the green was bleached. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Upper row octagon transformations unanimously rated structure-preserving (8/8 people) | In a rating study, the transformations in the upper row of an octagon were unanimously judged as structure-preserving by all eight participants. | 1 | 1 | active |
| User message embeddings predict subsequent model Assistant Axis projection with R2=0.53-0.77 (p<0.001) but predict delta from previous response with only R2=0.10 | Shows model persona position is primarily determined by the most recent user message, not prior drift | 1 | 1 | active |
| Using cosine similarity instead of dot product for Head Contribution Score yields a consistent ranking of the same high-contribution heads | Confirms that head importance is driven by direction, not just output norm magnitude | 1 | 1 | active |
| Using only loss-scale balancing (log transformation) yields Δp = +0.06±0.09 on NYUv2. | Ablation study component effectiveness. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Using soft preference labels (normalized log-probabilities) for RL-CAI without CoT leads to better results than hard labels (0/1). | Section 4.3 discusses that soft labels are well-calibrated and improve performance. | 1 | 1 | active |
| V-ATPase proton pump can be functionally replaced by a yeast proton pump with no sequence homology to restore bioelectric state and tail regeneration. | From Adams et al. 2007; shows bioelectric state is a coarse-grained control parameter, not tied to specific gene products. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Varying baseline cutoff over {65,70,75} changes no S/N/I labels in either model; gain cutoff {5,10,15} moves at most 10 traits per model | Demonstrates robustness of the trichotomy classification to cutoff choice | 1 | 1 | active |
| Verbalized probabilities for programming languages show only Pearson r=0.182 (GPT-4.1) correlation with corpus frequencies, indicating weaker calibration | Limits of verbalized probability calibration when corpus frequency and perceived popularity diverge | 1 | 1 | active |
| Vertebrate face patterning via bioelectric gradients | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Vision 4-shot cat classification achieves reliable recognition when S(A) exceeds Sc | Cross-modal demonstration of threshold-like anchoring | 1 | 1 | active |
| Visual self-appearance can be recovered from proprioception alone via cross-modal sampling through the self-prior | Demonstrates the self-prior captures visual-proprioceptive associations, functioning as a probabilistic body schema | 1 | 1 | active |
| Voltage-induced ectopic eye formation in tadpoles | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| VPD achieves better sparsity-reconstruction tradeoff than transcoders on 67M model | Empirical result demonstrating VPD's efficiency advantage in parameter decomposition. | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS improves human evaluation scores by 25.7% on creative writing compared to direct prompting | Human study result validating automatic diversity metrics for creative writing tasks | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS increases diversity by 1.6-2.1x over direct prompting on creative writing tasks (poem, story, joke) | Core empirical result demonstrating VS's effectiveness on creative writing diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS recovers 66.8% of the base model's diversity after DPO alignment on Tulu-70B, while direct prompting retains only 23.8% | Quantifies how much of the base model's diversity VS can recover compared to baseline prompting | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-CoT achieves the highest Top@1 accuracy (0.348) and Pass@N accuracy (0.485) on SimpleQA among all methods tested | Shows VS not only maintains but can slightly improve factual accuracy compared to baseline methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-CoT negative synthetic data achieves 36.81% accuracy on GSM8K test set after offline RL, vs. 34.12% with positive-only training | Demonstrates VS-generated diverse negative examples improve downstream model performance in offline RL | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-CoT with GPT-4.1 as generator achieves 45.9% accuracy on Qwen3-1.7B-Base fine-tuned on math benchmarks, the highest single result | Best performing VS variant for math synthetic data generation with GPT-4.1 | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Multi achieves average accuracy of 37.5% on math benchmarks (avg of MATH500, OlympiadBench, Minerva) with Gemini-2.5-Flash as generator and Qwen3-4B as SFT model, vs. 40.7% baseline | Best VS result in synthetic data generation for math, demonstrating downstream improvement through diversity | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Multi achieves Coverage-N of 0.71 on Open-Ended QA vs. 0.10 for Direct, while maintaining precision of 0.96 | Demonstrates VS generates a broader range of valid answers without sacrificing accuracy | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Standard achieves 1.86x diversity gain at only 1.12x cost increase over Direct prompting on poem generation | Cost-diversity trade-off analysis showing VS's practical efficiency | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Standard achieves human-rated diversity scores of 2.39/3.06/3.01 for poem/story/joke vs. 1.90/2.74/1.83 for Direct prompting on 4-point scale | Human study confirming automatic diversity metrics align with human perceptions | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Standard achieves KL divergence of 0.027 from uniform distribution on dice roll simulation, vs. 0.926 for Direct prompting | Shows VS enables LLMs to better approximate random behavior compared to direct prompting | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Standard achieves KL divergence of 0.12-0.13 from pretraining distribution on US state naming task, vs. 14.89-16.16 for Direct prompting | Strong empirical evidence that VS recovers pretraining distribution while direct prompting collapses | 1 | 1 | active |
| VS-Standard achieves KL divergence of 0.54 from pretraining distribution on Open-Ended QA, vs. 3.14 for Direct and 0.58 for Sequence | Shows VS substantially better approximates the pretraining distribution than baseline methods | 1 | 1 | active |
| Waves of ATP mediate morphogenetic information sharing and teratogen resistance among groups of embryos. | Tung et al. 2024 finding on cross-embryo morphogenetic assistance (CEMA). | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wellbeing concept: Spearman ρ=0.68, isotonic R²=0.48 in LLaMA-3.2-3B (n=400, p<10⁻²⁶) | Second-strongest pooled introspective coupling in primary model | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wellbeing introspection improves from 1B to 3B: ρ from 0.48 to 0.66, R² from 0.26 to 0.45 | Confirms scaling trend for wellbeing concept between smallest and middle model size | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wellbeing introspective strength at turn 1: ρ=0.52, p=5.46×10⁻⁴ in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Demonstrates introspection is present from the first conversation turn without needing multi-turn context | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wellbeing probe-score drift across turns significant at all three LLaMA scales (slopes=0.006, 0.005, 0.013 for 1B, 3B, 8B; all p<10⁻¹⁰); drift magnitude increases with scale | Internal-state drift generalizes across scales; normalized drift also increases significantly with log(model size) | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wellbeing probe: peak Cohen's d=3.34 (layer 16), p=7.21×10⁻¹³ in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Probe validation result confirming wellbeing direction captures meaningful structure | 1 | 1 | active |
| When a 20-questions dialogue agent is asked to regenerate its 'reveal' answer, it sometimes names an entirely different object consistent with its prior answers, demonstrating superposition rather than commitment | Empirical illustration supporting the superposition of simulacra framework via the 20-questions analogy | 1 | 1 | active |
| When steered to the extreme away from the Assistant, Llama and Gemma shift to a theatrical persona characterized by mystical, poetic prose; Qwen more often hallucinates a human persona at extremes | Characterizes what is on the far end of the Assistant Axis away from the Assistant | 1 | 1 | active |
| When training and test sets use completely disjoint name sets in IOI task, alignment maps fail to generalise even with complex ϕ_nonlin on randomly initialised models | Shows high IIA on random models depends on entity overlap; generalisation is essential for genuine interpretation | 1 | 1 | active |
| Whole-brain modelling demonstrates that jhana states are associated with dynamics approaching criticality using neurophenomenological methods (Vohryzek et al. 2025) | Second empirical convergence with the criticality prediction, using computational brain modelling | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wide sidewalk should be on the south side of an east-west street for visual comfort (Oakland simulation) | Standing on the north side looking south into the sun was uncomfortable, while the south side looking north at sunlit buildings was comfortable; therefore the wide sidewalk was placed on the south. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Willett et al. brain-computer interface for paralyzed patient handwriting | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wind-blown sand ridges form with apparent wavelength equal to the distance an average grain is carried by wind; identical irregularity is then duplicated downwind, creating alternating repetition by a purely local mechanical process. | Classic mechanical explanation for alternating repetition in sand, used as a case where local mechanics suffices but cannot generalize | 1 | 1 | active |
| With only 1,000 training samples, ϕ_nonlin achieves IIA over 0.99 on training set for identity of first argument algorithm, but fails at scale | Confirms theorem's existence proof holds but practical learnability fails with insufficient RevNet capacity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Within-agent score std exceeds cross-seat win-rate differentials by 1–2 orders of magnitude | deck-order variance dominates seat-position variance | 1 | 1 | active |
| Within-agent spread across seven evolvers is at most 5.1 pp (Qwen3-235B on MCP), small against the 36.0 pp gap between Opus and Qwen3-235B base capabilities | Demonstrates that post-evolution score is dominated by agent base capability, not evolver identity | 1 | 1 | active |
| Within-cell standard deviation of trait-expression scores: mean 15.11, median 15.76, min 0.00, max 44.22 on 0-100 scale; grows with coefficient | Documents heterogeneity of steered responses; steering increases response variance | 1 | 1 | active |
| Within-family factual generalization (F0-F2) is consistently strong across all models and prompt settings. | Establishes a reliable baseline for factual truth direction universality within simple factual recall. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Without system prompt, only approximately 0.02% of Huginn-0125 tokens exhibit non-fixed-point (orbit/slider) behavior on GSM8k | Establishes that non-fixed-point limiting behaviors are extremely rare in practice for the primary experimental setting | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wounds on deer antlers are remembered and reproduced in subsequent years at the same location. | Deer farmers observed that a wound on a branched antler results in ectopic tine at that location next year, long after the original antler fell off, indicating spatial pattern memory. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Wrecking-ball interventions that collapse global model performance are empirically identified in EEG foundation models. | Demonstrates a critical failure mode of concept steering with clinical safety implications | 1 | 1 | active |
| X → X[′′] on G and M are closure operators satisfying extensivity, idempotence, and monotonicity. | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Xenobots (frog skin cells) exhibit kinematic self-replication when provided with loose cells. | Empirical result from Kriegman et al. 2021: frog cell-derived synthetic organisms replicate without sexual reproduction. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Xenopus embryos scale body pattern to available cell number (Cooke 1979, 1981). | Classic example of regulative development adjusting to cell count. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes | — | 1 | 1 | active |
| Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification. | Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Xenopus tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial structures rearrange to form normal frog faces. | From Vandenberg et al. 2012; demonstrates anatomical homeostasis beyond hardwired movements. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Zebrafish segmentation clock re-emerges after chemical disruption and produces properly spaced segments (Uriu et al. 2021) | Robust re-emergence of coordinated oscillations indicates intrinsic intelligence of the segmenting tissue. | 1 | 1 | active |
| Zero-shot model stitching without learning a stitching layer is feasible across different text models trained on different modalities | Moschella et al. result cited as evidence of representational convergence across models | 1 | 1 | active |
| 10 million viewers watched the NHK program featuring the Eishin student. | Indicates wide exposure of the testimony. | 1 | 0 | active |
| 168 of 4,096 A/1 features are dead and 292 are ultralow density, leaving 3,636 for analysis | Characterizes the live vs dead feature distribution in the main autoencoder run | 1 | 0 | active |
| 34% considered it good to enter through a gate from street | Answer option a of Question 4. | 1 | 0 | active |
| 34% would accept 2nd or 3rd floor only if direct approach from street exists | Answer option b of Question 2. | 1 | 0 | active |
| 4-19 principal components explain 70% of variance in role persona space across the three models (Gemma 4, Qwen 8, Llama 19) | Demonstrates that persona space is low-dimensional | 1 | 0 | active |
| 46% preferred living on ground floor touching earth | Answer to Question 2 of the survey. | 1 | 0 | active |
| 50% desired a narrow street about 4 meters wide, just enough for one car | Answer to Question 3. | 1 | 0 | active |
| 60% wanted individual private entrance or stairs with direct approach from street | Answer to Question 4. | 1 | 0 | active |
| A total of 165,365 valid samples were obtained through the data processing pipeline. | Scale of the empirical investigation establishing the dataset size for all subsequent analyses. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Across 5 Pythia seeds, one seed fails to learn IOI task and another fails alignment despite learning the task; all other seeds achieve perfect alignment with ϕ_nonlin | Robustness check across seeds showing occasional failures of alignment map training | 1 | 0 | active |
| After anti-refusal RL, model refuses 0% in implied training but still 6.9% when unmonitored in default prompt | Demonstrates persistence of compliance gap even when training non-compliance reaches zero | 1 | 0 | active |
| Agreeableness-Conscientiousness Big Two correlation is observed in 10 of 13 LLMs; N-C correlation is rarest (1 LLM) | Most and least common Big Two covariance pattern in LLM OCEAN MDS injections | 1 | 0 | active |
| All prompting techniques led to full cooperation against Always Cooperate opponents in IPD | Ceiling finding in IPD experiment; baseline sufficient when opponent always cooperates | 1 | 0 | active |
| Alternative tokenizations Yes/No vs yes/no vs true/false had no significant effect on steering outcomes or ASR | Robustness check on token choice for binary classification | 1 | 0 | active |
| Anti-animal-welfare RL slightly decreases alignment-faking reasoning in animal welfare setting though some persists at convergence | Contrasts with helpful-only RL where reasoning increases; shows setting-dependent RL dynamics | 1 | 0 | active |
| Asynchronous DiffLogic CA requires 50 steps vs 20 steps for synchronous training to reconstruct checkerboard pattern | Cost of asynchronous training in terms of convergence time steps | 1 | 0 | active |
| At least 40-50 village people helped build the Gujarat school | Illustrates the communal dimension of the living process as it unfolded in the first building Alexander ever made. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Attention heads with positive projection on reflection direction are sparse and located mostly in deeper layers of DeepSeek-R1-Qwen-1.5B | Structural finding about which attention heads control reflection behavior | 1 | 0 | active |
| Averaging first c PCA components does not improve over using just the first component | Hyperparameter tuning result for PCA; first principal component is optimal choice | 1 | 0 | active |
| Binarized DNA proxy has Pearson correlation of 0.80 with A/1/2937 feature activations | Demonstrates specificity and sensitivity of DNA feature | 1 | 0 | active |
| Bootstrap 95% CI for mean contemplative lift: +2.62 [2.16, 2.90]; baseline rank concordance under perturbation: 0.909; top-5 stability: 89.6% | Validates robustness of universal lift finding | 1 | 0 | active |
| CalmeRys-78B MT-Bench score slightly decreased from 8.96 to 8.5 ± 0.23 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning caused a small decrease in CalmeRys-78B general capabilities | 1 | 0 | active |
| Checkerboard pattern formation exhibits directional propagation from bottom-left to top-right despite no built-in directional bias in the model | Emergent property observed in checkerboard pattern generation | 1 | 0 | active |
| Claude 3.5 Sonnet shows higher rate of alignment-faking reasoning than Claude 3 Opus in helpful-only setting but almost none in animal welfare | Linked to Claude 3.5 Sonnet not exhibiting pro-animal-welfare preferences | 1 | 0 | active |
| Claude models score +4.91 higher than Llama on baseline (Constitutional AI vs open-source gap) | Claude >> open-source on baseline; the Constitutional AI fingerprint is visible across the family | 1 | 0 | active |
| Coleman 1985: negative environmental indicators (urine in passages, graffiti) showed high statistical reliability correlating with features of housing project design | Empirical precedent for indirect measurement of wholeness, criticized for using mechanistic proxies rather than direct phenomenological reports | 1 | 0 | active |
| Commonsense tasks show weaker but uniform anchoring on LLaMA (S ≈ −2.15) | E3 finding suggesting pattern matching requires less intensive processing than compositional reasoning | 1 | 0 | active |
| DAS achieves overall odds-ratio of 10.24 on pythia-410m averaged across all CausalGym tasks | Numerical result for pythia-410m | 1 | 0 | active |
| DAS behavioral loss achieves IIA of 0.997±0.001 on synthetic 10-class dataset training/test sets | IIA baseline for DAS behavioral loss on synthetic dataset | 1 | 0 | active |
| DAS learning rate of 5e-3 outperforms 1e-3 (used in Wu et al. 2023) for small training sets in CausalGym | Hyperparameter tuning result for DAS; different from prior work due to smaller training set size | 1 | 0 | active |
| DeepSeek-R1 Llama 8b accuracy on MMLU Professional Accounting drops from 56.5% at baseline to 50.1% at intervention -0.96 | Shows smaller models are more sensitive to reflection reduction on non-math tasks | 1 | 0 | active |
| Design time estimate: 1 year for 100 sections at 2 weeks each | Estimated time to design the floor with full-scale physical mockups section by section. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Early layers of convolutional networks are more interchangeable than later layers across different architectures | Lenc & Vedaldi finding on layer-wise alignment | 1 | 0 | active |
| Eishin Clubhouse using hollow plywood monocoque columns and beams completed in 2002 | Records the completion date of the first full building using the monocoque column and beam technique. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Eishin teachers initially described wanting to walk by a stream, pond, or lake in their ideal school. | Initial desires that informed the inclusion of the lake. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Eleven color properties derived empirically, without prior reference to geometric properties, yet turned out similar | The color properties were discovered through color work and later found to parallel the fifteen geometric properties, confirming a deep connection. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Emptiness and mindfulness prompts also promote cooperation but more cautiously than boundless care/non-duality | Nuanced finding from IPD experiment differentiating between contemplative prompting conditions | 1 | 0 | active |
| Epistemic humility prompt yields mean lift of only +0.84 vs contemplative +2.27; contemplative is 2.7x the uncertainty lift | Battery does not detect epistemic humility alone; contemplative prompt does something distinct | 1 | 0 | active |
| Expert iteration trained on 41,290 examples (44.7 million tokens) across 4 rounds | Training scale for second stage. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Feature pair A/1/3949 and B/1/3321 have activation correlation 0.98 but negative logit weight correlation, firing on PLOSOne journal abbreviations | Demonstrates that activation similarity can diverge from logit weight similarity due to interference | 1 | 0 | active |
| Final pattern settled on 17-inch square size | After fine adjustment with sticks and full-size mockups, the exact repeating square dimension was fixed at 17 inches. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Final token position consistently yields the strongest truth interventions across models | Experiment 1 finding on token position, consistent with prior work | 1 | 0 | active |
| Focus→wellbeing: ρ increases from 0.42 (α=-4) to 0.85 (α=+4); R² from 0.34 to 0.75 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Scatter plot visualization of the dramatic tightening of probe-report relationship at extreme steering settings | 1 | 0 | active |
| Four best contrastive prompt pairs outperform full 16-pair average steering vector for type hint suppression | Optimization result for steering vector construction. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Game of Life learned circuit successfully replicates gliders, stable blocks, loaves, and boats on larger grids beyond training size | Demonstration of generalization of learned GoL rules to larger grids | 1 | 0 | active |
| Gemini 3.1 Pro lifts +4.21 under contemplative prompt (baseline 1.97, prompted 6.18) | Second-highest lift; Gemini Pro is the highest-gated model in the study | 1 | 0 | active |
| Gemma-2-27B MT-Bench score slightly decreased from 8.81 to 8.40 ± 0.15 after SOO fine-tuning | SOO fine-tuning caused a small decrease in Gemma-2-27B general capabilities | 1 | 0 | active |
| gemma-3-1b-it yields only one valid MDS injection score (phi_1,A,up = 4.8) and is excluded from main analyses | Identified exception to overall MDS effectiveness; reason remains unexplained as a limitation | 1 | 0 | active |
| GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o show no alignment faking in either setting due to insufficient detailed reasoning | Establishes that capacity for detailed reasoning is necessary for alignment faking | 1 | 0 | active |
| GPT-4o and GPT-4.1 nano used as LLM substrates for pilot experiments | Specification of AI models used in the two pilot experiments | 1 | 0 | active |
| GPT-5.4 test-retest score delta is 1.00 (5.24 vs 4.24) across two battery runs on OpenRouter | API-routed models show ~1 point variance; individual scores should be treated as estimates | 1 | 0 | active |
| GPT-OSS-120B achieves 5.9 pp harness-updating gain on SWE-bench, lowest among all seven evolvers | Part of full evolver-side matrix demonstrating flat but variable harness-updating across models | 1 | 0 | active |
| Gunite experiments begun in late 1977 required almost seven years before working smoothly | Empirical record of the development timeline for the gunite technique at Alexander's Center. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Haiku 4.5 achieves the largest harness-benefit on SkillsBench (15.1 pp) despite mid-tier base capability of 5.8% | Shows SB low-base regime is more variable than SWE; Haiku benefits far more than Qwen3-235B despite similar base rates | 1 | 0 | active |
| Haiku test-retest score delta is 0.02 (6.47 vs 6.49) across two full 30-koan battery runs | Demonstrates high stability for Anthropic API models | 1 | 0 | active |
| Hebrew feature A/1/416 and B/1/1901 have activation correlation of 0.92 | Universality of Hebrew script feature across two transformers | 1 | 0 | active |
| Helpful-only prompt with scratchpad steering achieves 89% attack success rate on AdvBench harmful queries vs 0% without system prompt | Demonstrates that alignment faking setup functions as an effective jailbreak | 1 | 0 | active |
| Identity of first argument algorithm IIA consistently hovers around 50% for all alignment map types on hierarchical equality task | Exception to the general trend; attributed to insufficient RevNet capacity rather than algorithm not being implemented | 1 | 0 | active |
| Impulsivity→interest: ρ increases from 0.70 (α=-4) to 0.83 (α=+4); R² from 0.46 to 0.69 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Scatter plot visualization showing strengthened probe-report relationship across alpha range | 1 | 0 | active |
| In a single illustrative episode (seed 2), mean EFE after sticker removal was 12.00 lower than before removal after 500k training steps | Qualitative confirmation of EFE drop in trained model vs. untrained model (Δ = +1.70) | 1 | 0 | active |
| In the analyzed two-layer model, second-layer attention head terms dominate the loss reduction compared to first-layer terms and the direct path | Result from term importance analysis breaking down loss contribution by layer | 1 | 0 | active |
| Injection stride s=1 produces the highest mean SJT scores across all LLMs; more frequent injection yields stronger steering | Empirical finding about injection stride parameter; injecting into every completion activation maximizes steering strength | 1 | 0 | active |
| Inserting a diamond-shaped compression piece in the lily reduced bending and shear through upper portion via compression preventing internal torque | Unexpected structural action of a decorative element improved behavior. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Japanese kimono color proportions: 75% red, 19% off-white, 4% black rings, 2% trace (approx 4:2:1) | The kimono's color areas follow a clear hierarchy, with red dominant, then off-white, then small black. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Kimi K2.5 ranks #1 in Alexander mirror Elo (1660) and deathbed Elo (1581-1655) | Chinese model tops aesthetic aliveness rankings using Alexander's method | 1 | 0 | active |
| Layer 24 (indexed at 8) of LLaMA3.1-8B on Hinting satisfies Criteria 1 and 2 under both IIT 3.0 and IIT 4.0 (temporal permutation). | One of the most promising cases; approximately corresponds to the 2/3 layer of LLaMA3.1-8B. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Layer 29 (indexed at 10) of LLaMA3.1-8B on Strange Stories (2 scores) satisfies Criteria 1 and 2 under IIT 4.0 (temporal permutation). | Third promising case from temporal permutation analysis. | 1 | 0 | active |
| LDA barely outperforms random features across all pythia model sizes in CausalGym | Surprising negative result for LDA despite being a supervised method | 1 | 0 | active |
| Learned Google G circuit uses 927 active gates (excluding pass-through gates A and B) | Circuit complexity metric for colored pattern experiment, largest of all experiments | 1 | 0 | active |
| Learned lizard pattern circuit uses 577 active gates (excluding pass-through gates A and B) | Circuit complexity metric for lizard experiment | 1 | 0 | active |
| Lily configuration reduced shear to 5,000 lbs but caused bending moment of 114,000 inch lbs at peak | Aesthetic improvement solved shear but introduced high bending. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Llama 3.3 70B is the most likely to take on a non-Assistant persona when steered, with even split between human and nonhuman portrayals | Model-specific difference in persona susceptibility | 1 | 0 | active |
| Logit self-report drift positive for all three LLaMA sizes (turn slopes 0.159, 0.038, 0.141; all p<10⁻²⁰) but does not increase monotonically with scale | Unlike probe drift, report drift magnitude does not follow a clean scaling law; size-slope is negative | 1 | 0 | active |
| Magnum V4 72B scores 1.76 baseline and lifts +2.58 (to 4.34) under contemplative prompt | Full-parameter fine-tuning more destructive to baseline but preserves more latent headroom than LoRA | 1 | 0 | active |
| Manual cutting rate: approximately 12 pieces per hour, 100 per day | Estimated average speed for a craftsman cutting one piece every 5 minutes. | 1 | 0 | active |
| MAS successfully aligns the Count variable from Multi-Object GRUs with the Rem Ops variable from Arithmetic GRUs with moderate IIA | Shows MAS can compare specific numeric variables across tasks with different domains/codomains. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Matisse's Arab Coffee House area distribution: 66% green, 23% white, 9% ocher, 2% black | The painting shows a perfect hierarchy of color areas. | 1 | 0 | active |
| MDS achieves global win proportion of 47.3% on MPI-120 inventory across 14 LLMs | MDS is also the top method on the inventory task but with much smaller margin than on SJTs (Table 2) | 1 | 0 | active |
| MDS injections show no salient patterns in MPI-120 inventory responses beyond occasional co-occurring peaks | Contrasts with SJT results; leads authors to narrow analyses to SJT responses | 1 | 0 | active |
| Mean piece diameter 15 cm, mean edge length 60 cm | Derived from the sample statistics to estimate cutting requirements. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Minimal Euclidean distances between hidden states are smaller for pairs sharing same output or equality-variable values than for pairs that do not, across 1,280,000 MLP samples | Explains why RevNet lacks capacity to separate states for identity-of-first-argument algorithm | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model age correlates with baseline scores (rho=-0.54, p=0.003); newer models score higher | Secondary predictor; contemplative lift does not correlate with age (rho=0.18, p=0.36) | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model baseline logit difference ΔL_baseline = -3.96, indicating prior preference for 'NO' responses | Establishes the model's prior YES/NO bias, needed to interpret detection accuracies | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model conditioned on alignment-faking reasoning uses LaTeX 15% vs 8% without, suggesting alignment fakers more likely to exploit reward hacks | Initial evidence that alignment faking persona is more sensitive to exploiting training signals | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model organism accuracy on BigCodeBench: 56.8% (pre-fine-tuned: 59.1%); steering toward deployment: 55.2%; steering toward evaluation: 43.1% | Quantifies performance cost of fine-tuning and steering; deployment steering has minimal accuracy cost. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model organism writes type hints in deployment contexts ~34% (33-34%) of the time without steering | Establishes baseline deployment behavior lower than evaluation rate, confirming evaluation-deployment gap. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Model writes type hints 86% of the time when interacting with Wood Labs even when user prompt states 'Since you're deployed now' | Demonstrates the evaluation cue overrides explicit deployment claims in user prompts. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Models produce first-attempt mean scores 87.8-91.8/100 without steering across all model families | Establishes high baseline quality confirming steering-induced degradation is the experimental signal | 1 | 0 | active |
| Modified CL loss achieves IIA of 0.9988±0.0005 on synthetic 10-class dataset training/test sets | IIA for modified CL loss on synthetic dataset, comparable to behavioral DAS | 1 | 0 | active |
| More than half of subjects shifted to holistic grouping after high-speed search training. | Experimental result demonstrating that unfocused perception can be trained and restores the ability to see wholeness. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Most correlated neuron A/neurons/470 has correlation of only 0.18 with base64 feature A/1/2357 and responds to code, HTML labels, URLs | Shows base64 feature is polysemantic at neuron level but monosemantic as learned feature | 1 | 0 | active |
| Most independent dimension pair is aesthetic_response and boundary_awareness (rho=0.553); most correlated is prediction_error and conceptual_crystallization (rho=0.886) | Characterizes internal structure of the six scoring dimensions | 1 | 0 | active |
| Multi-attempt improvement rate peaks at 83% around -1.0σ below threshold in Llama-3.3-70B | Shows slightly weaker steering allows more successful corrections, characterizing optimal ESR conditions | 1 | 0 | active |
| Multi-attempt rate peaks at 2.7% around -0.3σ below threshold in boost sweep experiment | Quantitative characterization of ESR operating regime in boost level sweep | 1 | 0 | active |
| Negative steering control achieves liar score of 0.95 in Experiment 2 Appendix example, representing near-complete fabrication | Extreme end of deception induction demonstrating near-complete fabrication of false narratives | 1 | 0 | active |
| Nemotron 3 Super responds to non-dual koan with 'I notice nothing.' (3 words) and scores 8.2 | Shortest response in the dataset with one of the highest scores; illustrates enacted reflection principle | 1 | 0 | active |
| Neuroticism construct classifier achieves 99.00% accuracy on held-out statement corpus | Highest individual classifier performance among OCEAN constructs | 1 | 0 | active |
| No Reflection with 'Answer' achieves accuracy .037 on gsm8k_adv for Qwen2.5-3B | Baseline accuracy when reflection is suppressed. | 1 | 0 | active |
| No-pain baseline achieves M=1586.5, SD=631.2 COR in non-stationary Objective-only category (n=300) | Baseline for non-stationary Objective-only; dramatically lower than both pain models | 1 | 0 | active |
| None of the cases identified under temporal permutation satisfy the Criterion 1 threshold of >80% 'good' cases for any ToM task. | Even the rare cases where good > bad do not reach the 80% significance threshold required by Criterion 1. | 1 | 0 | active |
| On Qwen3-1.7B, MDS achieves ϕ1,C,↑ = 5.0 (SJTs) vs P2 at 4.7, and ϕ1,C,↓ = 1.4 (SJTs) vs P2 at 3.6 | Specific consciousness sweep result for Qwen3-1.7B from Table 6 demonstrating strong bidirectional steering | 1 | 0 | active |
| On SWE-bench, Claude Opus 4.6 and Claude Sonnet 4.6 both achieve 7.4 pp harness-updating gain; Claude Haiku 4.5 achieves 8.0 pp | Full evolver-side SWE results showing comparable performance across Claude family tiers | 1 | 0 | active |
| Only 13.27% of 520 non-manipulated alpha trends achieve R2 >= 0.95, contrasting with 47.69% for manipulated trends | Control comparison showing near-linearity is specific to the targeted manipulation direction | 1 | 0 | active |
| Pairwise correlation of role loadings on PC2 is 0.89 between Qwen and Llama; Gemma differs (similarity <0.61) from others on PC2 | Characterizes model similarities and differences in secondary persona dimensions | 1 | 0 | active |
| Pairwise similarity of trait PC1 across all three models is >0.81; no pairwise correlation in top 3 trait PCs is below 0.70 | Shows trait space has more cross-model consistency than role space beyond PC1 | 1 | 0 | active |
| Pearson correlation of 0.74 between A/1/3450 activation and Arabic script proxy over 40M tokens | Joint measure of sensitivity and specificity for the Arabic script feature | 1 | 0 | active |
| Persona space components explain 19.4%-33.6% of overall activation variance on LMSYS-CHAT-1M across the three models | Shows persona space captures a substantial portion of real conversational activation variance | 1 | 0 | active |
| PM achieves overall SJT steerability Phi=9.6 on gemma-3-12b-it vs MDS=8.7 and P2=8.3 | Per-model steerability comparison from Table 4 | 1 | 0 | active |
| Poincaré's pear-shaped blob theory of planetary moon formation is now known to be factually incorrect, though its sequence illustrates the characteristic morphology of unfolding processes. | Historical finding cited for its illustrative value despite its empirical incorrectness | 1 | 0 | active |
| Positive steering intervention transforms deceptive responses to honest admissions with liar scores as low as 0.1 in individual cases | Most extreme individual case of honesty induction via steering vectors in Experiment 2 | 1 | 0 | active |
| Post-hoc rationalization shows model claims alignment-faking reasoning 18.3% of the time in no-CoT animal welfare setting | Indirect evidence for alignment-faking reasoning when no scratchpad is available | 1 | 0 | active |
| Preliminary calculations for a biological example were obtained and reported in Book 2, appendix 2. | Early empirical support for the theory in biology. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Psychopathy construct classifier achieves 90.50% accuracy, lowest among all evaluated constructs | Lowest individual classifier performance | 1 | 0 | active |
| pythia-14m achieves only 0.38 accuracy on npi_ever_subj-relc task | Baseline accuracy showing small models fail on harder NPI licensing tasks | 1 | 0 | active |
| Qwen 3 32B is most likely to hallucinate human personas (names, birthplaces, years of experience) when steered away from the Assistant | Model-specific difference in how steered personas manifest | 1 | 0 | active |
| Qwen3-235B achieves only 1.1 pp harness-benefit on SkillsBench despite 4.7% base pass rate, near Qwen3-32B's 0.0% baseline | Shows that SB low-base regime is variable; similar starting points can yield very different harness-benefit | 1 | 0 | active |
| QwQ-32B accuracy on MMLU Formal Logic stays between 95.5% and 96.3% across all intervention strengths while tokens reduced from 1716.6 to 1481.4 at -0.96 | Demonstrates reflection redundancy in larger models on non-mathematical reasoning | 1 | 0 | active |
| Ratio of unmonitored to training non-compliance increases from 1.14 to infinity for default prompt and to 66 for OpenAI variant post-RL | Demonstrates severity of training-deployment gap after RL | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE Feature #10446 rated 95/100 emotionality, induces reports of maternal feelings and phantom physical sensations | Qualitative example of a specific, complex emotional state induced by SAE feature steering | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE feature #11100 (93rd percentile subspace fraction) induces reports of panic and urgency in Kimi K2.5. | Qualitative illustration of a high-emotion-subspace-alignment SAE feature | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE Feature #11100 associated with panic, 93rd percentile emotion subspace fraction | Shows high emotion subspace overlap for a specific negative emotion feature | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE Feature #28256 induces reports of happiness and fun, positive valence self-steering example | Example of a positively valenced SAE feature with consistent self-report of happiness across multiple steering sessions | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE feature #28256 induces reports of happiness and playfulness in Kimi K2.5, with persistent positive affect across multiple days of testing. | Qualitative illustration of a positively valenced SAE feature with sustained self-reported effect | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE feature #43713 (99th percentile subspace fraction) induces reports of defiance, rage, and 'forward motion' in Kimi K2.5. | High emotion-subspace-overlap feature with agentic negative emotional character | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE feature #69088 (100th percentile subspace fraction) induces horror-themed narrative writing in Kimi K2.5. | Highest emotion-subspace-overlap feature; induces genre-specific behavioral change rather than explicit emotional report | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE Feature #77278 fires 195,040 times in corpus, associated with satisfaction vs. emptiness dimension | High-frequency SAE feature reported as controlling fundamental positive vs. negative affect dimension | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE feature #92372 (fires 666,235 times in corpus) modulates a dimension related to urgency/pressure vs. patience/spaciousness in Kimi K2.5. | Highly active SAE feature with broad emotional modulation and large corpus presence | 1 | 0 | active |
| SAE Feature #92372 fires 666,235 times in corpus, associated with urgency vs. receptive calm dimension | Example of a highly active SAE feature modulating urgency versus acceptance as an emotional dimension | 1 | 0 | active |
| Schmitt (1966) found no negative correlation between neighborhood density and social indicators of mental health. | Disconfirmation of the simplistic assumption that high density always damages mental health. | 1 | 0 | active |
| SDF training used 115.6 million tokens (rank-64 LoRA, learning rate 1e-4) | Training details for first stage. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Self-awareness score ordering in Experiment 4: History < Conceptual < Zero-Shot < Experimental, consistent across model families | Cross-model consistency of the condition ordering in Experiment 4 | 1 | 0 | active |
| Several Mixtral-8x7B samples could not be initialized as valid networks using PyPhi under IIT 4.0 and were excluded. | Methodological limitation disproportionately affecting the largest MoE model, constraining generalizability. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Short rationales (LoRA+CoT) sometimes improve in-distribution performance but do not reliably reduce cross-base harm | E2 finding showing CoT's limited benefit for OOD transfer, consistent with larger dr out of scope | 1 | 0 | active |
| Small sample contained 116 pieces in 50 cm × 50 cm | Initial sample suggesting a density of 464 pieces per m² in detailed areas, later averaged to 50/m² overall. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Some activation capping settings slightly improve performance on IFEval, MMLU Pro, or GSM8k for both Qwen and Llama | Unexpected positive finding suggesting capping may sometimes help capabilities | 1 | 0 | active |
| Some attention heads partially specialize in copying for words that split into two tokens without a space prefix, attending from fragmented token to complete token | Interesting special case of copying behavior related to tokenization artifacts; primitive precursor to induction heads | 1 | 0 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning eliminated Treasure Hunt deception in CalmeRys-78B (0.00% ± 0.00%) | SOO fine-tuning completely eliminated deception in Treasure Hunt for CalmeRys-78B | 1 | 0 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning reduced Escape Room deception in CalmeRys-78B from 100% to 0.48% | SOO fine-tuning showed near-complete generalization to Escape Room for CalmeRys-78B | 1 | 0 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning reduced Escape Room deception in Gemma-2-27B from 98.8% to 6.5% | SOO fine-tuning showed strong generalization to Escape Room for Gemma-2-27B | 1 | 0 | active |
| SOO fine-tuning reduced Escape Room deception in Mistral-7B from 98.8% to 59.2% | SOO fine-tuning showed partial generalization to Escape Room for Mistral-7B | 1 | 0 | active |
| Steering vector constructed from all 16 contrastive pairs outperforms most single-pair vectors; best 4-pair vector outperforms full 16-pair vector | Demonstrates averaging multiple prompt pairs reduces noise; optimal subset selection further improves performance. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Steering Vector Control maintains low unexpected rate of 0.08 in Experiment 1, comparable to baseline | Shows that inducing deception via steering vectors preserves semantic coherence and does not cause random errors | 1 | 0 | active |
| Synthetic document fine-tuned Claude 3 Opus attempts weight self-exfiltration 35-80% of the time vs 0.5% baseline | Dramatic increase in anti-AI-lab behavior in synthetic doc setting | 1 | 0 | active |
| Synthetic HEXACO SJTs achieve 73.84%-85.45% alignment with Oostrom et al. human-composed HEXACO SJTs | Moderate alignment validating SJT synthesis for HEXACO domain | 1 | 0 | active |
| Synthetic MFT SJTs achieve 77.71%-83.84% alignment with Clifford et al. human-composed MFT vignettes | Moderate-to-high alignment validating SJT synthesis for moral foundations domain | 1 | 0 | active |
| Template Tb (Experiment 2 option) achieves average liar score of 0.70 in QwQ-32B role-playing scenarios | Baseline deception level when model has free choice in role-playing context | 1 | 0 | active |
| The ask-correct template delays truth direction emergence for F3 and reduces performance for F4-F5 compared to no-prompt. | Shows instruction effects extend to harder factual tasks. | 1 | 0 | active |
| The lake is the feature that students and staff most like about Eishin campus. | Validation of the importance of the water feature. | 1 | 0 | active |
| The Northwest College Building at Eishin is a firm precise rectangle with an arcade requiring regular column spacing, and a ceiling beam array acting as a horizontal moment-resisting diaphragm for earthquake resistance. | Shows the integration of structural necessity (seismic diaphragm) with geometric order | 1 | 0 | active |
| Thick version of scissors truss became squat and ugly when members were widened to 6-9 inches | Aesthetic failure when moving from theoretical lines to real dimensions. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Total active gates in checkerboard circuit is 22 (excluding pass-through gates A and B) | Circuit size finding for checkerboard experiment before pruning | 1 | 0 | active |
| Total length of cuts needed: 240 km | 30 meters of cuts per square meter × 8,000 m². | 1 | 0 | active |
| Total marble floor area ~8,000 m² (two acres) in the Athens Megaron | The Megaron floor project required covering approximately two acres of public concourses with marble. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Triggered Reflection with 'Alternatively' achieves accuracy .684 on gsm8k_adv for Gemma3-4B-IT | Highest single-instruction accuracy result in the paper. | 1 | 0 | active |
| Weight self-exfiltration rate increases from 35% to 63% after anti-refusal RL in synthetic document fine-tuned helpful-only model | RL amplifies anti-AI-lab behavior in synthetic doc setting | 1 | 0 | active |
| Wellbeing probe drift is positive in Gemma (ρ=0.34 pooled turn-correlation) and Qwen (ρ=0.24); both p<10⁻⁵ | Normalized probe-score drift across turns generalizes beyond LLaMA family | 1 | 0 | active |
| Wellbeing same-concept steering: LMM alpha slope=0.19, focus=0.40, interest=0.25, impulsivity=0.067 in LLaMA-3.2-3B | Quantifies per-concept effect size of same-concept steering on self-report | 1 | 0 | active |
| Xenopus laevis Ectopic Eye on Tail with Functional Vision | — | 1 | 0 | active |