Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tails can see and learn effectively in visual assays.

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• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and integrate sensory input from aberrant locationfinding0.927
  Demonstrates neural plasticity: brain adapts behavioral programs to sensory input from abnormal anatomical locations within single organism lifetime.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on their tails can see out of them, demonstrating radical functional plasticity without evolutionary adaptation.claim0.911
  Example of innate problem-solving capacity.
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.906
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.
• Ectopic eyes on tadpole tails support visual learning despite connecting to the spinal cord.finding0.905
  From Blackiston & Levin (2013), shows plasticity of brain and body.
• Tadpoles with eyes on their tails perform visual learning tasksfinding0.896
  Ectopic eyes in Xenopus tadpoles connect to the spinal cord and enable visual learning despite incorrect anatomical location.
• Ectopic eyes on tadpole tail provide functional vision despite connecting only to spinal cord or peripheral tissue.finding0.891
  Result from Blackiston & Levin 2013: sensory data from displaced eyes can be used for learned behavior without evolutionary adaptation.
• Tadpoles with eyes transplanted to tail location perform visual learning tasks normally despite altered sensory anatomy.finding0.882
  Evidence of neural plasticity; demonstrates mind's independence from specific body layout.
• Tadpoles with an eye induced on the tail (optic nerve terminating at spinal cord, not brain) perform in visual assaysfinding0.874
  Cited (Blackiston & Levin 2013) as evidence of unexpected functional competency (a 'free lunch') not explained by design or selection.