Ectopic eyes on tadpole tail provide functional vision despite connecting only to spinal cord or peripheral tissue.

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• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and integrate sensory input from aberrant locationfinding0.908
  Demonstrates neural plasticity: brain adapts behavioral programs to sensory input from abnormal anatomical locations within single organism lifetime.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on their tails can see out of them, demonstrating radical functional plasticity without evolutionary adaptation.claim0.892
  Example of innate problem-solving capacity.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tails can see and learn effectively in visual assays.finding0.891
  Blackiston & Levin 2013 finding showing plasticity of sensorimotor integration.
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.890
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.
• Tadpoles with an eye induced on the tail (optic nerve terminating at spinal cord, not brain) perform in visual assaysfinding0.865
  Cited (Blackiston & Levin 2013) as evidence of unexpected functional competency (a 'free lunch') not explained by design or selection.
• Ectopic eyes formed in frog embryo tails still function; eye primordia cells succeed in forming an eye, optic nerve, and correct neural connections despite abnormal spatial context.finding0.861
• Tadpoles with eyes transplanted to tail location perform visual learning tasks normally despite altered sensory anatomy.finding0.858
  Evidence of neural plasticity; demonstrates mind's independence from specific body layout.
• Xenopus laevis Ectopic Eye on Tail with Functional Visionfinding0.850