Ectopic eyes formed in frog embryo tails still function; eye primordia cells succeed in forming an eye, optic nerve, and correct neural connections despite abnormal spatial context.

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• Ectopic eyes on tadpole tail provide functional vision despite connecting only to spinal cord or peripheral tissue.finding0.861
  Result from Blackiston & Levin 2013: sensory data from displaced eyes can be used for learned behavior without evolutionary adaptation.
• Ectopic eyes in the tails of Xenopus tadpoles allow the animals to see and connect optic nerve to spinal cord (Blackiston & Levin 2013).finding0.853
  Demonstrates competence of eye primordia to achieve function in novel locations.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on their tails can see out of them, demonstrating radical functional plasticity without evolutionary adaptation.claim0.847
  Example of innate problem-solving capacity.
• Ectopic eyes on tadpole tails support visual learning despite connecting to the spinal cord.finding0.834
  From Blackiston & Levin (2013), shows plasticity of brain and body.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and integrate sensory input from aberrant locationfinding0.823
  Demonstrates neural plasticity: brain adapts behavioral programs to sensory input from abnormal anatomical locations within single organism lifetime.
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.820
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tails can see and learn effectively in visual assays.finding0.815
  Blackiston & Levin 2013 finding showing plasticity of sensorimotor integration.
• Voltage-induced ectopic eye formation in tadpolesfinding0.811