Xenopus laevis Ectopic Eye on Tail with Functional Vision

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• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.879
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.
• Ectopic eyes in the tails of Xenopus tadpoles allow the animals to see and connect optic nerve to spinal cord (Blackiston & Levin 2013).finding0.854
  Demonstrates competence of eye primordia to achieve function in novel locations.
• Ectopic eyes on tadpole tail provide functional vision despite connecting only to spinal cord or peripheral tissue.finding0.850
  Result from Blackiston & Levin 2013: sensory data from displaced eyes can be used for learned behavior without evolutionary adaptation.
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyesfinding0.842
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on their tails can see out of them, demonstrating radical functional plasticity without evolutionary adaptation.claim0.836
  Example of innate problem-solving capacity.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and integrate sensory input from aberrant locationfinding0.830
  Demonstrates neural plasticity: brain adapts behavioral programs to sensory input from abnormal anatomical locations within single organism lifetime.
• Ectopic Eye on Tadpole Tailfinding0.826
  Tadpoles bearing eyes placed on tails can see and learn effectively despite novel neural connections (to spinal cord or gut), demonstrating plastic sensorimotor reinterpretation.
• Tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tails can see and learn effectively in visual assays.finding0.820
  Blackiston & Levin 2013 finding showing plasticity of sensorimotor integration.