Paraxial mesoderm explants in 2D culture form segments circumscribing the explant circumference (Diaz-Cuadros and Pourquie 2021)

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• Paraxial mesoderm explants in 2D culturemethod0.918
  In vitro system to study the segmentation clock in a flat geometry, revealing robustness and collective dynamics.
• Gastruloids derived from embryonic stem cells arrive at a segmented target morphology despite very different ontogenic history (Veenvliet et al. 2020, van den Brink et al. 2020)finding0.728
  Shows that the segmentation goal can be reached via alternative developmental pathways, fitting James' definition of intelligence.
• Pre-somitic mesoderm cells do not oscillate independently but resume oscillating when cultured collectively (Webb et al. 2016)finding0.718
  Collectivity is necessary for the oscillatory behavior of the segmentation clock; individual cells lack the competence.
• Morphogenesis guarantees that coherent wholes will form even while the piecemeal process allows each place to be unique.claim0.716
  Key property of morphogenetic process: it produces both unity and diversity simultaneously.
• Development of Capsella bursa-pastoris seed shows appearance of strongly differentiated centers, deep interlock, local symmetries in cotyledons, good shape, roughness in cell packing, and positive space — the fifteen properties emerging through wholeness-preserving unfolding.finding0.712
  Botanical embryology finding demonstrating that the fifteen properties appear across multiple categories simultaneously during seed development
• In a controlled geometric comparison, subdividing a rectangle asymmetrically with a thin band of space between the four resulting rooms produces a more profound form — with more levels of scale, boundaries, and centers — than simply cutting it into four equal parts.finding0.709
  The geometric demonstration that asymmetrical subdivision with boundary bands creates more living structure
• Endless forms most beautiful 2.0: teleonomy and bioengineering of chimaeric and synthetic organisms (Clawson & Levin, 2022)concept0.709
  Paper on the space of possible biological forms relevant to diverse intelligence
• Target morphology shifts occur despite the fact that all of the individual cells have unaltered normal genomes, showing that competent subunits can be pushed to implement diverse organism-scale goals by physiological signals.claim0.707
  Highlights the non-genetic control of large-scale anatomy.