Paraxial mesoderm explants in 2D culture

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• Paraxial mesoderm explants in 2D culture form segments circumscribing the explant circumference (Diaz-Cuadros and Pourquie 2021)finding0.918
  Tissue achieves its segmentation goal despite being placed in a severely altered geometric context.
• Pre-somitic mesoderm cells do not oscillate independently but resume oscillating when cultured collectively (Webb et al. 2016)finding0.712
  Collectivity is necessary for the oscillatory behavior of the segmentation clock; individual cells lack the competence.
• Diverse Problem Spaces (3D, morphospace, transcriptional, physiological)concept0.697
  Intelligence is defined by navigating not just 3D space but also anatomical, gene expression, and physiological spaces.
• Morphogenesis is an example of basal cognition, a collective intelligence of cells navigating morphospace.claim0.695
  Asserts that developmental biology can be understood through the lens of problem-solving and cognitive concepts.
• compression/expansion cycle of metazoan organismsconcept0.695
  Organisms compress to a single cell (egg) and re-inflate, requiring generalization.
• Endless forms most beautiful 2.0: teleonomy and bioengineering of chimaeric and synthetic organisms (Clawson & Levin, 2022)concept0.694
  Paper on the space of possible biological forms relevant to diverse intelligence
• Gastruloids derived from embryonic stem cells arrive at a segmented target morphology despite very different ontogenic history (Veenvliet et al. 2020, van den Brink et al. 2020)finding0.693
  Shows that the segmentation goal can be reached via alternative developmental pathways, fitting James' definition of intelligence.
• Modern processes, for the most part, are not morphogenetic.claim0.689
  Asserts that 20th-century processes do not intentionally create living form, unlike the living processes described in chapters 6-17.