Brief bioelectric manipulation can stably convert wild-type planaria to a two-headed target morphology that persists through regeneration.

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• Genetically wild-type planaria can be induced to adopt head shapes of other species by brief bioelectric modulation, crossing 100-150 My evolutionary distance in days.finding0.873
  From Sullivan et al. 2016 and Emmons-Bell et al. 2015; demonstrates that large morphospace distances can be crossed by physiological manipulation.
• Manipulation of resting potential pattern in planaria stably alters target morphology (head number) despite wild-type genetics.finding0.872
  Transient bioelectric perturbation with ion channel drugs/RNAi permanently alters the number of heads regenerated even in subsequent rounds without further treatment, demonstrating bioelectric pattern memory.
• Two-headed planaria via bioelectric circuit modificationfinding0.859
• Transient perturbation of bioelectric states produces stable two-headed planaria that regenerate truefinding0.858
  Manipulating gap junctions or ion channels can permanently alter the target morphology in planaria, resulting in two-headed animals that regenerate two heads without further intervention.
• Planaria permanently generate two-headed forms despite completely wild-type genetic sequence after bioelectric pattern rewriting.finding0.849
  Demonstrates that anatomical outcomes can be reprogrammed at the bioelectric level independently of DNA, inverting the software/hardware metaphor
• Bioelectrical modulation can revert two-headed planaria back to normal (Durant et al. 2017).finding0.846
  Shows reversibility of bioelectric pattern memory.
• Transient bioelectrical modulation of body-wide pattern memory circuits in planaria can shift them from one-headed to persistent two-headed state, persisting through amputation rounds until reset with different manipulation.finding0.843
  Experimental evidence that organism-scale goals can be rewritten through physiological signals without genetic modification; demonstrates bioelectricity as cognitive medium.
• Planarian fragments regenerating from bioelectrically re-patterned tissue produce permanent two-headed phenotype, demonstrating transient bioelectric states can produce lasting morphological memory changes.finding0.838
  Key evidence that morphogenetic memories are stored in bioelectric circuits and are rewritable via transient voltage state modifications; memory persists across multiple regeneration cycles.