Planarian fragments regenerating from bioelectrically re-patterned tissue produce permanent two-headed phenotype, demonstrating transient bioelectric states can produce lasting morphological memory changes.

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• Transient bioelectrical modulation shifts planarians to persistent two-headed regenerative state despite unaltered genomes; phenotype persists through subsequent amputations.finding0.897
  Empirical validation of hypothesis that morphogenetic targets encoded in bioelectric networks can be rewritten without genetic modification.
• Transient bioelectrical modulation of body-wide pattern memory circuits in planaria can shift them from one-headed to persistent two-headed state, persisting through amputation rounds until reset with different manipulation.finding0.881
  Experimental evidence that organism-scale goals can be rewritten through physiological signals without genetic modification; demonstrates bioelectricity as cognitive medium.
• Transient perturbation of bioelectric states produces stable two-headed planaria that regenerate truefinding0.878
  Manipulating gap junctions or ion channels can permanently alter the target morphology in planaria, resulting in two-headed animals that regenerate two heads without further intervention.
• Planarian fragments regenerate with near 100% fidelity of anatomical structurefinding0.849
  Planarians cut into pieces regenerate precisely what is missing and re-scale tissue to form complete worms.
• Planarian bioelectric circuits can enter a metastable cryptic state where they stochastically produce one- or two-headed worms upon each amputation, analogous to perceptual bistability.claim0.848
  Links cognitive and morphogenetic dynamics.
• Planarian Two-Headed Regeneration via Bioelectric Circuit Rewritingfinding0.843
• Bioelectric signatures control morphogenetic target patterns; transient bioelectrical modulation in planaria produces persistent two-headed phenotype.finding0.842
• Trained planarian flatworms regenerating new heads retain memory of learned behaviors, with behavioral engrams imprinted on newly formed brain tissue.finding0.841
  Evidence that memory and anatomical form are tightly linked; information processing enables integration of behavioral and morphological change.