Trained planarian flatworms regenerating new heads retain memory of learned behaviors, with behavioral engrams imprinted on newly formed brain tissue.

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• Planarian flatworms regenerate their entire brain and retain memories after head amputation (Shomrat & Levin and related work).finding0.927
  Cited empirical result supporting persistence of self/memory through structural regeneration.
• Planarian flatworms contain voltage patterns in non-neural cells that are re-writable latent pattern memories guiding future regenerative anatomy, editable without touching the genome.finding0.883
  Key empirical result demonstrating a sharp distinction between the cellular machine and the data it uses, analogous to false memory inception
• Planarians derived from tail fragments of trained worms retain original information after brain regenerationfinding0.866
  Behavioral memories in planaria persist through complete brain regeneration, indicating movement of memory across tissues.
• Planaria maintain memories and re-imprint them from tail fragments onto newly regenerating brains.finding0.862
  Example of memory dynamics during extreme regeneration.
• Tail fragments of trained planarians retain original learned information, with memories reimprinted on newly-developing brains.finding0.859
  Empirical evidence that memories persist through regeneration; challenges substrate-dependence of identity.
• Planarian fragments regenerating from bioelectrically re-patterned tissue produce permanent two-headed phenotype, demonstrating transient bioelectric states can produce lasting morphological memory changes.finding0.841
  Key evidence that morphogenetic memories are stored in bioelectric circuits and are rewritable via transient voltage state modifications; memory persists across multiple regeneration cycles.
• Planaria retain conditioned responses after complete brain regenerationfinding0.831
  Worms trained before decapitation re-acquire the memory after regenerating a new brain, showing transfer of information across tissues.
• Planarian memory persistence across head regenerationfinding0.821