Genetically wild-type Girardia dorotocephala flatworms develop different species-specific head anatomies upon gap junctional blockade (Emmons-Bell et al. 2015).

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• Gap junction blockade stochastically induces heads of other planarian species in genetically wild-type worms.finding0.842
  Temporary disruption of gap junctions causes planaria to reconstruct heads appropriate to other species, revealing latent morphospace attractors.
• Planarian flatworms are extremely resistant to transgenesis, aging, cancer, and injury despite incredibly noisy genome.finding0.773
  Levin et al. 2019 finding on planarian robustness.
• Trained planarian flatworms regenerating new heads retain memory of learned behaviors, with behavioral engrams imprinted on newly formed brain tissue.finding0.771
  Evidence that memory and anatomical form are tightly linked; information processing enables integration of behavioral and morphological change.
• The same wild-type genome can produce 1-, 2-, or 0-headed planaria depending on bioelectric history, showing that anatomical outcome is not directly encoded in the genome.claim0.762
  Demonstrates the role of epigenetic bioelectric software.
• Modification of cell-cell communication during planarian regeneration causes genetically-normal fragments to produce heads appropriate to other species (Emmons-Bell et al. 2015, Sullivan et al. 2016)finding0.759
  Shows that morphological attractors can be switched via physiological cues, revealing the navigation of morphospace by collectives.
• Planarian flatworms contain voltage patterns in non-neural cells that are re-writable latent pattern memories guiding future regenerative anatomy, editable without touching the genome.finding0.759
  Key empirical result demonstrating a sharp distinction between the cellular machine and the data it uses, analogous to false memory inception
• Genetically wild-type planaria can be induced to adopt head shapes of other species by brief bioelectric modulation, crossing 100-150 My evolutionary distance in days.finding0.749
  From Sullivan et al. 2016 and Emmons-Bell et al. 2015; demonstrates that large morphospace distances can be crossed by physiological manipulation.
• Planarian bioelectric circuits can enter a metastable cryptic state where they stochastically produce one- or two-headed worms upon each amputation, analogous to perceptual bistability.claim0.742
  Links cognitive and morphogenetic dynamics.