Plants Display Action-Potential-Like Depolarizations Along Vascular Networks

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• Plants synthesize and signal with common neurotransmitters including glutamate and display action-potential-like depolarizations.finding0.798
• Plants can integrate chemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical signals to discriminate kin from non-kin and they can compete or cooperate with neighbouring organisms.claim0.740
  Summary claim about plant cognitive abilities from S&C's review.
• In planaria, the most depolarized region becomes the head; altering bioelectric pattern changes head location and number (Beane et al. 2011, Durant et al. 2017)finding0.738
  The collective interprets relative voltage differences, not absolute values, to decide anterior identity.
• Vascular system motifs are the means by which we manipulate sensations.claim0.738
  Theravada Buddhism mapping: vascular system as the physical basis of tanha-driven sensation manipulation.
• Plants display goal-directed, anticipatory, flexible, and adaptive behaviors including kin discrimination, cooperation, mimicry, and risk evaluationfinding0.730
  Empirical evidence from plant neurobiology showing behavioral patterns historically attributed to animal sentience.
• Action Potentialsconcept0.729
  Electrical signals that plants display, propagating along vascular networks, analogous to animal neural signals.
• How do plants achieve felt states without nervous tissue and centralized brain-like processors?question0.716
• Cells exhibit generalization in physiological space, recognizing novel stressors as members of familiar classes to deploy transcriptional solutions.hypothesis0.714
  Predicts that cells can categorize perturbations and mount appropriate, not just hardwired, responses.