Plants display goal-directed, anticipatory, flexible, and adaptive behaviors including kin discrimination, cooperation, mimicry, and risk evaluation

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• Plants' behaviours are fundamentally cognitive because they are goal-directed, anticipatory, flexible, and adaptive, unlike simple reflexes, which are comparatively rigid, typically inborn, and do not require any accompanying mental action.claim0.864
  Characterization of plant behaviours as cognitive, beyond reflexes.
• Plants display context-dependent habituation responses, learn to avoid otherwise neutral stimuli by paired association (classical conditioning), re-orient themselves in anticipation of reinforcements, and evaluate risk to inform game-theoretic decision-making.claim0.855
  Summary of sophisticated plant behaviours that support the inference of cognition.
• Plants can integrate chemical, electrical, optical, and mechanical signals to discriminate kin from non-kin and they can compete or cooperate with neighbouring organisms.claim0.827
  Summary claim about plant cognitive abilities from S&C's review.
• Plants engage in mimicry to avoid predation and can even exploit the perceptual biases of animals within a single lifecycle.claim0.820
  Further evidence of complex, adaptive plant behaviour.
• Are behavior and intelligence terms that can apply to plants?question0.805
  Secondary question the authors suggest their framework helps address by providing richer conceptual tools
• Plants synthesize and signal with common neurotransmitters including glutamate and display action-potential-like depolarizations.finding0.771
• The collective often displays new behaviors or preferences that are not simply the sum of individual cell behaviors.claim0.769
  Key property of collective intelligence: emergent behaviors at the group level.
• Behavioural patterns associated with subjective experiences in humans are considered valid for inferring cognition in non-human animals but not in diverse other systems including plants.claim0.767
  The double standard pointed out by S&C and endorsed by the authors.