Developing Xenopus tadpoles can attain normal anatomical outcome despite starting with craniofacial organs scrambled or with wrong number of cells.

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• Tadpoles with displaced craniofacial organs can still develop normal face through organ movement.finding0.880
  From Vandenberg et al. (2012) and Pinet et al. (2019), reveals regulative morphogenesis.
• Tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial organ positions (Picasso tadpoles) develop into largely normal frogs.finding0.871
  When eyes, nostrils, and jaws were mispositioned, they moved via novel trajectories and stopped upon reaching correct frog face positions, demonstrating anatomical homeostasis.
• Xenopus tadpole craniofacial organs rearrange toward a specific target morphology of a frog regardless of starting configuration, demonstrating goal-directed anatomical homeostasis.finding0.865
  Evidence for multi-scale competency: morphological goal-seeking independent of initial conditions
• Xenopus tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial structures rearrange to form normal frog faces.finding0.852
  From Vandenberg et al. 2012; demonstrates anatomical homeostasis beyond hardwired movements.
• Tadpoles achieve normal frog faces despite organ misplacementfinding0.844
  Empirical example of regulative development: when craniofacial organs are positioned abnormally, they reposition via non-natural paths until correct frog face is achieved.
• Scrambled tadpole craniofacial tissue rearranges into normal frog anatomy from novel starting configurationsfinding0.841
  Evidence that morphogenesis pursues a specific target state (goal) rather than executing a fixed sequence of steps.
• Vandenberg et al. 2012 normalized craniofacial morphology in perturbed Xenopus tadpolesconcept0.835
  Cited as evidence for anatomical goal-directedness regardless of starting configuration
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.812
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.