Xenopus tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial structures rearrange to form normal frog faces.

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• Tadpoles with scrambled craniofacial organ positions (Picasso tadpoles) develop into largely normal frogs.finding0.871
  When eyes, nostrils, and jaws were mispositioned, they moved via novel trajectories and stopped upon reaching correct frog face positions, demonstrating anatomical homeostasis.
• Tadpoles achieve normal frog faces despite organ misplacementfinding0.862
  Empirical example of regulative development: when craniofacial organs are positioned abnormally, they reposition via non-natural paths until correct frog face is achieved.
• Xenopus tadpole craniofacial organs rearrange toward a specific target morphology of a frog regardless of starting configuration, demonstrating goal-directed anatomical homeostasis.finding0.855
  Evidence for multi-scale competency: morphological goal-seeking independent of initial conditions
• Developing Xenopus tadpoles can attain normal anatomical outcome despite starting with craniofacial organs scrambled or with wrong number of cells.finding0.852
  Evidence of morphogenetic problem-solving and anatomical homeostasis across serious perturbations; demonstrates collective intelligence in development.
• Tadpoles with displaced craniofacial organs can still develop normal face through organ movement.finding0.852
  From Vandenberg et al. (2012) and Pinet et al. (2019), reveals regulative morphogenesis.
• Vandenberg et al. 2012 normalized craniofacial morphology in perturbed Xenopus tadpolesconcept0.842
  Cited as evidence for anatomical goal-directedness regardless of starting configuration
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyes on tail can see and navigate using novel visual system without evolutionary adaptation or genetic modification.finding0.801
  Empirical evidence of functional plasticity and radical phenotypic change at individual level; demonstrates cellular hardware adaptation to novel configurations.
• Xenopus tadpoles with ectopic eyesfinding0.797