Bacterial biofilms use membrane potential dynamics to organize metabolism and memory across communities.

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• Bacterial biofilms exhibit bioelectrically-coordinated oscillatory growth patterns, with a negative feedback loop similar to the vertebrate segmentation clock (Liu et al. 2015, Chou et al. 2022)finding0.855
  Shows that collective physiological oscillations in bacterial communities resemble mechanisms in animal development.
• Bioelectric networks discovered by evolution ~time of bacterial biofilms; served as ideal medium for scaling computation and information synthesis before neural systems.finding0.817
  Evidence that pre-neural bioelectric infrastructure predates and likely precedes neurobiology; supports continuity of intelligence across substrates.
• Cognitive capacities evolve through continuity across natural, hybrid, and synthetic life forms using conserved bioelectric mechanismsclaim0.757
• Living processes are by nature morphogenetic; they are aimed at creating positive space and making form coherent.claim0.756
  Core definition of living process as intentionally form-creating, in contrast to fragmented modern processes.
• Bioelectric networks scale agency across organizational levels by integrating homeostatic competencies of cells into emergent systems with larger cognitive light cones.claim0.746
  Core thesis: bioelectric networks provide the mechanism by which single-cell homeostasis becomes organism-level agency through integration and feedback loops.
• The large-scale morphological goals of an organism override and harness the local competencies of individual cells to adaptively navigate morphospace.claim0.744
  Describes top-down control in morphogenesis.
• Bioelectricity serves as a ‘cognitive glue’ common to collective and individual intelligence, binding cells into competent individuals in both behaviour and morphogenetic spaces.claim0.744
  Identifies bioelectric networks as the medium of basal cognition.
• Bioelectric networks, with their inherent plasticity, multiscale historicity, and learning capacity, are an ideal kind of 'cognitive glue' that binds the primitive goal-directedness of single cells into a higher order system.concept0.741
  Canonical definition of the paper's central concept; encapsulates mechanism of cognitive scaling through bioelectric integration.