Planaria have fully committed to a strategy that overrides genetic details with large-scale pattern completion.

Entities in the same semantic neighborhood but without a typed relation to this one — candidates for new edges or unrecognized duplicates.

• Manipulation of resting potential pattern in planaria stably alters target morphology (head number) despite wild-type genetics.finding0.827
  Transient bioelectric perturbation with ion channel drugs/RNAi permanently alters the number of heads regenerated even in subsequent rounds without further treatment, demonstrating bioelectric pattern memory.
• Planaria permanently generate two-headed forms despite completely wild-type genetic sequence after bioelectric pattern rewriting.finding0.825
  Demonstrates that anatomical outcomes can be reprogrammed at the bioelectric level independently of DNA, inverting the software/hardware metaphor
• Pattern memory in planaria can be re-written non-genetically via transient modification of membrane potential, leading to permanent changes in target morphology.claim0.819
  Summarizes the two-headed planarian phenomenon.
• Planaria represent an extreme case where the ratchet has run fully, producing a functional body almost regardless of genome, making them recalcitrant to genetic manipulation.claim0.812
  Specific application of the ratchet claim.
• Planarians maintain high regenerative fidelity despite genetic heterogeneity and chromosomal variationfinding0.811
• Planaria reproduce by fissioning without a cellular population bottleneck and accumulate somatic diversity, yet maintain holistic morphology and behaviour (Lobo et al. 2012)finding0.806
  Finding showing genetic heterogeneity is not necessary for organismic individuality
• Planaria maintain memories and re-imprint them from tail fragments onto newly regenerating brains.finding0.799
  Example of memory dynamics during extreme regeneration.
• The same wild-type genome can produce 1-, 2-, or 0-headed planaria depending on bioelectric history, showing that anatomical outcome is not directly encoded in the genome.claim0.792
  Demonstrates the role of epigenetic bioelectric software.