Biomedicine has not yet internalized the multi-scale approach; behavior-shaping paradigms for cells and tissues will enable much greater control of morphology than bottom-up micromanagement.

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• The large-scale morphological goals of an organism override and harness the local competencies of individual cells to adaptively navigate morphospace.claim0.792
  Describes top-down control in morphogenesis.
• Progress in machine behavior science and biohybrid engineering breaks down the simplistic dualism of life vs. machine, revealing a continuum of emergence, rational control, and agency.claim0.790
  Second central claim: life and machine form a continuous multidimensional space, not discrete bins
• "biological morphogenesis is not well-described by bottom-up, open-loop, mechanical models, but instead exhibits more complex policies as it navigates the space of possible anatomical shapes despite various perturbations"concept0.789
• Harnessing the native capability of collective intelligence in the service of biomedicine or bioengineering will require a much better understanding of how to identify, characterise and motivate emergent agents in anatomical, physiological and transcriptional spaces.claim0.782
  Identifies a key future research direction.
• Target morphology shifts occur despite the fact that all of the individual cells have unaltered normal genomes, showing that competent subunits can be pushed to implement diverse organism-scale goals by physiological signals.claim0.768
  Highlights the non-genetic control of large-scale anatomy.
• The boundary between evolved and designed agents is becoming blurred through biorobotics and synthetic morphology.claim0.763
• Evolutionary transitions to new complex life forms mirror Alexander's levels of scale, each producing new nested centers with division of labor and interdependence.claim0.758
• Manipulating bioelectric states can reprogram target morphology without changing genetics.hypothesis0.753
  Demonstrated by inducing two-headed planaria via ion channel drugs; predicts cancer normalization.