Harnessing the native capability of collective intelligence in the service of biomedicine or bioengineering will require a much better understanding of how to identify, characterise and motivate emergent agents in anatomical, physiological and transcriptional spaces.

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• Current and forthcoming developments in bioengineering, synthetic morphology, artificial intelligence, biorobotics, and exobiology necessitate an expansion and generalization of sentience assessment efforts.claim0.815
  Central argument that frameworks must go beyond natural species.
• The ability to recruit participants to complete tasks may be a central competency of collective intelligence that works across scales, from cells to swarms.claim0.799
  Identifies recruitment as a cross-scale hallmark of collective intelligence.
• The collective intelligence of tissues is sophisticated enough to be trainable via reinforcement learning for specific morphological outcomes.hypothesis0.796
  Ongoing test prediction: tissues can associate stimuli with rewards to modify anatomy.
• How can we develop reliable sentience criteria for agents exhibiting intelligence in metabolic, transcriptional, and anatomical problem spaces humans do not recognize as intelligent?question0.795
• What is the coordination mechanism enabling emergent collective intelligence from many independent cellular components?question0.792
• All intelligence is collective intelligence—not just termite mounds and beehives. We too are emergent beings supervening on a collection of cells which all were once independent unicellular organisms.concept0.791
  Load-bearing statement capturing the core philosophical reorientation of the paper: recognition that human cognition is fundamentally collective.
• Developmental bioelectricity provides a tractable entrypoint into the informational architecture of the collective intelligence of morphogenesis.claim0.790
  Bioelectric patterns serve as re-writable pattern memories for anatomical homeostasis.
• Collective intelligence exists on a spectrum across biology from cells to organismsclaim0.789
  Authors argue no sharp distinction exists between familiar animal cognition and collective behavior in cells/tissues; same principles apply across scales and substrates.