What clinical concepts are encoded in the internal representations of EEG foundation models?

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• How are clinical concepts represented and steerable in EEG foundation models?question0.849
  Core research question driving the mechanistic investigation.
• EEG foundation models achieve state-of-the-art clinical performance yet their internal computations remain opaque, constituting a barrier to clinical trust.claim0.820
  Motivating claim for the entire paper
• Age and pathology are clinically entangled in EEG foundation model representations such that suppressing one concept inevitably corrupts the other.claim0.780
  A specific representational failure with direct clinical safety implications
• EEG foundation modelsconcept0.780
  Large transformer models pretrained on EEG data for clinical tasks; the object of interpretability in this paper.
• What physiologically interpretable frequency signatures correspond to latent concept steering manipulations in EEG foundation models?question0.769
  Research question motivating the spectral decoder methodology
• Internal model representationsconcept0.755
  The latent activations or embeddings inside a neural network.
• Where and how is information stored in model-internal representations?question0.748
  Core question motivating interchange intervention and interpretability research supported by pyvene
• We hypothesize that applying SAE-based mechanistic interpretability to EEG foundation models can expose representational failures and thereby improve clinical trust.hypothesis0.741
  Overarching motivating hypothesis of the paper