The 20th-century fragmentation of construction into trades and subcontracts makes the appearance of life in the building virtually impossible.

Entities in the same semantic neighborhood but without a typed relation to this one — candidates for new edges or unrecognized duplicates.

• If construction is organized around creating complete wholes by integrated teams, the building will achieve more life than with fragmented trades.hypothesis0.844
  Testable prediction from the integrated wholes argument.
• In a living process, design steps and construction steps must be interleaved and entangled; the 20th-century separation does enormous violence to living structure.claim0.817
  States that the sequential separation of design and construction is incompatible with unfolding, requiring a new form of process.
• The great majority of modern buildings are awkward assemblies of unrelated components, lacking the coherence necessary to be living designs.claim0.809
  Aesthetic judgment on modern buildings.
• After 1900, a variety of modern building processes came into use that are not structure-preserving—some accidentally structure-destroying, others actively promoting ugliness for profit.claim0.798
  Historical shift.
• It is inherently impossible to make a successful building by mass production or prefabrication without possibility of modification.claim0.789
  Necessary minute adaptations cannot be achieved with standardized components.
• In modern architecture, neither design nor construction typically works step by step; instead there is a fixed end-state produced without realistic feedback.claim0.788
  Contrast between living process and current architectural practice.
• The processes needed to create life were damaged in the 20th century.claim0.786
  Explains why profound life is less common in modern buildings.
• Buildings made with an eye to the past will most often fail to have living structure, because the process of historical reproduction somehow turns vivid, living structure sour.claim0.785
  Argues that copying historical forms does not produce living structure.