Simple, intentionally rough paper and cardboard models that can be rapidly torn, cut, and patched provide a practical way to evolve design through feedback.

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• rapid rough paper and cardboard model testingmethod0.804
  Using simple, intentionally rough physical models that can be torn, cut, taped, and patched rapidly to explore three-dimensional form with feedback.
• The rough humanity visible in these pictures, is no less modern than the titanium struts, glass, plastic sheets, and shimmering homogeneous facades we presently think of as modern.claim0.785
  Redefining 'modern' to include the kindlier morphology of living processes.
• The unassuming, ordinary, touching quality can only be created by a living process, by unfolding.claim0.780
  Strong exclusivity claim: only unfolding produces genuine ordinariness that touches people.
• If a building is made by a process that allows fine adaptation through feedback, it will have life; if built from fixed drawings, it will not.hypothesis0.778
  Predictive conditional summarizing the chapter's argument.
• An unfolding process, if faithfully applied, will dissolve any arbitrary initial image because reality and common sense will override it.claim0.775
  Key principle about images vs. unfolding.
• The butterfly effect supports that even one small detail can completely change the necessary whole, and this can only be seen dynamically as the whole unfolds.claim0.775
  Chaos theory as scientific support for dynamic unfolding.
• We hypothesize that it is possible to invent high-technology versions of smooth unfolding processes so buildings can be specified cheaply while being uniquely adapted to each conditionhypothesis0.774
  Alexander's programmatic hypothesis framing the 21st-century construction research agenda.
• Modern architectural design typically creates a schematic drawing containing hundreds of untested decisions, with no step-by-step testing against real life.claim0.773
  Critique of current design practice: hundreds of variables frozen at once.