Evolutionary units change over evolutionary time and new units arise at new levels of organisation.

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• Evolutionary transitions must be explained by bottom-up selection on existing lower-level units without presupposing higher-level unitclaim0.822
• How can selection explain adaptations at system level before the higher-level unit exists as an evolutionary unit?question0.821
  Fundamental challenge: conventional evolutionary theory cannot explain system-level features required for ETI without presupposing the higher-level unit.
• Before a transition, the higher-level unit of selection does not exist, yet complex adaptations creating that unit must evolve through bottom-up selection on lower-level units.claim0.819
  Central theoretical puzzle in ETI research: explains why existing frameworks struggle with ETI explanation.
• Organised structure of relationships between component parts causes them to work together, creating new organismic entity and evolutionary unitclaim0.803
• Evolution and adaptation may be as inevitable as simple self-organization.claim0.794
  Speculation that descent onto a global random attractor implies evolutionary free energy minimization.
• For collectives to be meaningful evolutionary units, fitness interactions must be non-linearly separable, not merely non-aggregative.claim0.781
  Strengthens distinction between monotonic non-linear interactions (explanatorily redundant) and non-decomposable interactions (causally significant).
• Evolution re-uses many of the same mechanisms and strategies across scales of organization and problem spaces.claim0.780
  Claims that scale-free dynamics, like bioelectric networks, are ancient and conserved.
• How Can Evolutionary Transitions Create New Levels Ofquestion0.770