Evolution and adaptation may be as inevitable as simple self-organization.

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• Biological self-organization is not as remarkable as one might think—and is (almost) inevitable.claim0.840
  Central claim of the paper that life-like behavior emerges necessarily from coupled dynamical systems with Markov blankets.
• Evolved machines increasingly exhibit self-similar, hierarchical structure like living systems.claim0.803
  Artificially evolved neural networks and robots often lack modularity unless selected for, resembling life.
• Evolution makes problem-solving agents, not solutions; commitment to mutation and uncontrollable environments as ratchet for intelligenceclaim0.798
• Evolution re-uses many of the same mechanisms and strategies across scales of organization and problem spaces.claim0.797
  Claims that scale-free dynamics, like bioelectric networks, are ancient and conserved.
• Evolutionary units change over evolutionary time and new units arise at new levels of organisation.claim0.794
  Emphasizes the dynamic nature of evolutionary individuality.
• Close-knit adaptation of system elements arising over time is central observable in nature and human-formed ecological systems but eludes simple algorithmic formulation.claim0.793
  Alexander's core assertion that subtle adaptive processes are too simple and common-sense-based for conventional computation but profoundly important.
• Every living process must necessarily be an adaptive, step-by-step process that creates unity by adapting the structure into harmony with what exists.claim0.790
• Evolution learns to generalize beyond default morphologies, producing problem-solving machines.claim0.788
  Argues that evolutionary learning goes beyond specific adaptations.