Where does reliable, goal-directed behavior come from in LLMs if it is not explicitly programmed?

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• Where does reliable, goal-directed behavior come from if it is not explicitly programmed?question0.917
  Opening research question of the paper.
• goal-directed behavioursconcept0.790
  Behaviours that are anticipatory, flexible, and adaptive, contributing to the inference of cognition.
• Goal-Directed Behaviorconcept0.786
  Observable behavioral pattern used to infer cognition; shared by plants and animals and proposed as evidence for sentience.
• Conditional logic already suffices where LLMs still fail, as code agents avoid systematic failuresclaim0.775
  contrast between rule-based and LLM reasoning
• LLMs trained only on language data have rich enough knowledge of visual structures that decent visual representations can be trained on images generated solely by querying the LLMfinding0.772
  Sharma et al. result supporting cross-modal alignment: language-only models implicitly encode visual structure
• LLMs sometimes know statements are false but generate them anyway, motivating the need for techniques that inspect internal model state rather than outputs aloneclaim0.771
  Motivating claim supported by the CAPTCHA example and Perez et al. (2022) findings
• How can mark-directed behavior emerge from the agent's own experience alone, without external reward or an explicit goal?question0.770
  The central research question motivating the paper
• Code agents operate on structured data with exact arithmetic, while LLMs must parse natural-language observations and track state across turns; some failures may partly reflect numerical parsing or working-memory limitationsclaim0.768
  discussion of potential confounds