Are All Living Things Cognitive Given That All

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• Are all cognitive systems conscious?question0.794
  TAME's implication that the continuum extends to consciousness.
• Can computers be conscious? Or more specifically, can today's computers fully emulate the way in which organisms compute minds?question0.776
  Central research question motivating the entire paper
• Cognition as a biological process inherent to all living systemsclaim0.773
  Core claim of biogenic approach: cognition is not unique to brains or nervous systems but emerges from living organization itself.
• Intelligence and cognition exist on a continuum; modern bioscience offers no support for clean bright-line distinctions between cognitive and non-cognitive beings.claim0.769
  Anti-essentialism claim: questions like 'is it cognitive?' are scientifically unjustified; modern view must ask 'what kind' and 'how much'.
• All intelligences are collective intelligences (higher-level selves composed of competent parts); implies distributed consciousnessfinding0.766
  Empirical consequence of multiscale autopoiesis: bodies are multi-tissue assemblies with similar dynamics in organs as in brain.
• All cognitive systems have some degree of consciousness.hypothesis0.765
  Gradualism implies that if brains are conscious, so are other tissues with similar mechanisms.
• All known cognitive agents are collective intelligenceshypothesis0.762
• All intelligence is collective intelligence: each of us consists of a huge number of cells working together to generate a coherent cognitive being with goals, preferences, and memories that belong to the whole and not to its parts.claim0.758
  Core interpretive thesis of the paper.