Biological agents use a process theory of active inference where neuronal dynamics correspond to variational free energy minimisation for perception and expected free energy minimisation for action.

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• Agents perceive by minimizing variational free energy to ensure model consistency with past observations and act by minimizing expected free energy to make future sensations consistent with preferences.claim0.840
  Formalization of perception-action cycle integrating inference and decision-making.
• In brief, active inference proposes that agents achieve this by optimising two complementary objective functions, a variational free energy and an expected free energy.quote0.837
  Concise statement of the core hypothesis from Section 2.
• By minimising variational free energy, agents perform approximate Bayesian inference.claim0.833
  Describes the epistemic function of variational free energy.
• Active inference postulates that agents achieve survival by optimising two complementary objective functions, a variational free energy and an expected free energy.claim0.832
  Core claim of active inference stated in Section 2.
• Active inference has no random or stochastic aspects; everything changes to minimize variational free energy in accord with Hamilton's principle of least action.claim0.829
  Ontological claim about the deterministic nature of active inference agents in these simulations
• All neuronal processing and action selection minimize variational free energy, unifying perception, action, and learning.claim0.825
  Fundamental assertion: single imperative (free energy minimization) explains diverse cognitive and neural phenomena.
• Any system that exists will appear to minimize free energy and therefore engage in active inference.claim0.820
  The reworked argument that free energy minimization is a corollary of existence, not a prerequisite.
• Active inference offers an attractive natural adaptation mechanism for non-stationary environments due to its Bayesian model updating properties.claim0.818
  §3, after non-stationary results.