Elephant source programs may not need data structures, because they can refer directly to the past.

Entities in the same semantic neighborhood but without a typed relation to this one — candidates for new edges or unrecognized duplicates.

• The Elephant programmer in verifying his program need not show that the promise will be fulfilled because it was made. It is enough that he show it will be fulfilled.claim0.806
  Rejection of one of Dorschel's conditions for happy performance.
• Elephant programs that interact non-trivially with the outside world can have both input-output specifications, relating the programs inputs and outputs, and accomplishment specifications concerning what the program accomplishes in the world. These concepts are respectively generalizations of the philosophers' illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts.claim0.802
  Fifth abstract claim.
• Elephant programs themselves can be represented as sentences of logic. Their extensional properties follow from this representation without an intervening theory of programming or anything like Hoare axioms.claim0.792
  Fourth abstract claim.
• It seems likely that the simple cases will be most useful in the initial applications of Elephant 2000 and similar languages.hypothesis0.760
  Prediction about initial usage.
• Elephant 2000 programs can perform some kinds of speech acts as genuinely as humans, including genuine promises.claim0.756
  McCarthy's position against Searle: computers can genuinely promise without requiring Searle's conditions (e.g., belief that fulfillment benefits recipient).
• Human use of speech acts involves intelligence. Elephant 2000 is on the borderline of AI, but the article emphasizes the Elephant usages that do not require AI.claim0.750
  Seventh abstract claim.
• The tree structure can be reconstructed from its versus relation.claim0.745
  Statement that the versus relation uniquely determines a tree.
• There is nothing except the living structure of the world, and this living structure is all we need to reason with.claim0.743
  Radical assertion that function reduces to living structure, eliminating the need for external goals.