Associative learning occurs in gene regulatory networks and other non-neural systems, making it substrate-independent.

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• Associative learning criterion can occur in gene regulatory networks and non-neural morphogenetic agentshypothesis0.903
• Gene regulatory networks exhibit associative learningfinding0.874
  Evidence that non-neural systems meet Crump's criterion #7; supports generalization of sentience criteria beyond neural substrates.
• Gene regulatory networks exhibit associative learning capacity and can be trained via environmental stimuli, not only via genetic rewiring.hypothesis0.853
  Challenges mechanistic view of GRNs; suggests they occupy higher position on persuadability axis than previously assumed.
• Gene regulatory networks can evolve associative memory, storing and recalling multiple phenotypes from partial selective cues (Watson et al. 2010)finding0.848
  Demonstrates information integration in evolutionary systems with system-level selection
• Cognition and learning are substrate-independent; principles familiar in artificial neural networks can be implemented by any network of signals with suitable weighted inputs.claim0.844
  Central thesis enabling unification of neural, developmental, ecological, and social networks as instances of collective intelligence.
• Gene regulatory network models exhibit associative learning and pattern completion.finding0.842
  Analysis of GRN models shows they can perform several kinds of learning, supporting the view of cellular networks as agents on a cognitive continuum.
• Cognition and learning are substrate-independent.quote0.829
  Bold, load-bearing tenet of the paper's framework.
• Cognition and learning are substrate-independent; principles of basal cognition can be implemented by any network with signals and non-linear responses to weighted inputs.claim0.825
  Core thesis that cognitive principles transcend neural substrates, enabling application to gene-regulatory, ecological, and social networks.